S_WA PASS-12 — Consumer personal-property leases and rental-purchase agreements
Washington has a distinct lease-purchase statute: chapter 63.19 RCW. It operates alongside the consumer-lease provisions in chapter 63.10 RCW and Washington’s enacted UCC Article 2A. Their definitions, exclusions, payment obligations, and remedies differ. A transaction’s label does not establish which provisions govern. The principal classification rules and their consequences are set out below. app.leg.wa.gov+3
Actual access: October 28, 2026, America/Los_Angeles. All substantive authorities used for this component were newly read for PASS-12. Earlier reports and the supplied exclusion records establish scope only; they supply no legal premise here.
This report addresses generic public law. It makes no determination about an agreement, actor, goods, payment, default, ownership interest, remedy, or outcome. The worksheet is wholly blank. Earlier findings and holds remain unchanged.
Identifier convention: Every Snnn, Cnnn, Qnnn, and Bnnn reference below means, respectively, S_WA-P12-Snnn, S_WA-P12-Cnnn, S_WA-P12-Qnnn, and S_WA-P12-Bnnn.
1. Substantive findings by requested question
Question 1 — Governing regimes and classification
Three separate definitions control the central branches:
| Public-law category |
Required statutory characteristics |
Material boundary |
| Chapter 63.19 lease-purchase agreement |
Natural-person use of personal property primarily for personal, family, or household purposes; initial period four months or less; automatic renewal with each payment after that period; no obligation or requirement to continue beyond the initial period; ownership acquisition permitted. |
Automobile leases and the other express exclusions in RCW 63.19.020(2) are outside this chapter. The exclusions from consumer-lease, retail-installment, security-interest, and usury laws in subsection (1) are phrased for agreements that comply with the chapter. |
| Chapter 63.10 consumer lease |
Lease or bailment to a natural person, primarily for personal, family, or household purposes, for more than four months, with total contractual obligation not exceeding $25,000, subject to exclusions. |
The $25,000 restriction does not apply to consumer motor-vehicle leases. A chapter 63.19 lease-purchase agreement or qualifying retail installment contract is excluded. |
| Article 2A consumer lease |
A regularly leasing or selling lessor leases to an individual for primarily personal, family, or household purposes; total payments not exceeding $25,000, excluding payments for options to renew or buy. |
This definition contains neither chapter 63.10’s four-month duration floor nor its express motor-vehicle amount exception. |
| Article 2A lease generally |
Transfer of the right to possession and use of goods for a term in exchange for consideration. |
A sale or creation/retention of a security interest is excluded. Business leases may remain within Article 2A while falling outside the two consumer chapters. |
| Lease-form security transaction |
RCW 62A.1-203 applies its complete factual and economic criteria. |
Nonterminability plus one of the specified economic-life or nominal-consideration conditions produces the statutory security-interest branch. An ownership option, risk allocation, or substantial rental obligation alone does not establish that branch. |
| Hybrid lease |
A single transaction combines a goods lease with services, another goods sale, or other-property sale, lease, or license. |
The 2023 amendment makes Article 2A’s reach depend on whether the goods-lease aspects predominate, with special finance-lease rules even when they do not. |
| Real-property tenancy |
Not established by the movable-goods lease definition. |
Incidental goods, fixtures, mixed contracts, title statutes, and real-property rights require their own analysis. |
These distinctions follow C001–C015. In particular, chapter 63.19 does not say that a complying rental-purchase agreement is outside all of Title 62A. Its exclusion concerns laws relating to a security interest. Whether particular Article 2A provisions also apply, and how conflicting consumer protections operate, must be addressed through the actual classification and RCW 62A.2A-104—not an assumed blanket exemption. app.leg.wa.gov+3
Question 2 — Agreement, disclosure, writing, and prohibited terms
For chapter 63.19 agreements, the lessor must provide clear, conspicuous written disclosures at or before consummation, provide a copy of the agreement, and place the specified disclosures on the contract’s face above the consumer-signature line. The required categories include ownership payments, cash price, initial payments, separately disclosed additional charges, the early-purchase option and its price or method, maintenance, remaining manufacturer warranty, termination, and reinstatement. The chapter prohibits specified provisions, including a confession of judgment, negotiable instrument, wage assignment, waiver of consumer claims or defenses, and a clause authorizing entry onto the consumer’s premises or a breach of the peace in repossession. C019–C027. app.leg.wa.gov+2
Chapter 63.10 contains its own extensive disclosure list. Disclosure of a fee, security deposit, purchase option, or insurance category does not independently establish that the charge is lawful, agreed, earned, or collectible. Its federal-equivalence provisions are limited incorporations; no federal compliance conclusion is made here. C037–C042.
Article 2A’s statute-of-frauds provision is an enforceability rule, not a universal statement that every lease must be a paper contract signed by both parties. It has a strict less-than-$1,000 branch and specified exceptions. Current provisions use “record” and “signed record” in several places following the 2023 amendments. That change does not, by itself, resolve electronic delivery of chapter 63.19’s written disclosures or federal consumer consent requirements. C016–C018, C106–C107. app.leg.wa.gov+3
Question 3 — Charges and payments
The read statutes do not support a single statewide rental-charge or late-fee schedule covering every arrangement.
For chapter 63.10 leases, delinquency, default, and early-termination charges specified in the lease must satisfy the reasonableness standard in RCW 63.10.030(2). Residual-value liability has a separate standard and rebuttable presumptions. The three-times-average-monthly-payment relation is not an automatic absolute cap on all termination liability. Its operative trigger is expiration of a covered consumer lease with residual-value liability. C043–C048. app.leg.wa.gov
For chapter 63.19 agreements, reinstatement entails past-due rental charges, reasonable pickup and redelivery costs if the property was picked up, and an applicable late fee. The chapter does not provide a fixed numerical late-fee cap or a fixed percentage early-purchase formula. It requires the option’s price, formula, or method to be disclosed. This is a bounded finding about the text read, not unlimited-charge permission. C025, C028–C031, C048.
Article 2A additionally supplies rules for reasonable liquidated damages, restitution, incidental losses, insurance arrangements, and conditional future-rent or loss measures. The complete symbolic measures relied on appear in the quantity register. None is populated with financial inputs. C059–C061, C078–C094.
A textual interaction remains held: RCW 63.10.030(1) expressly removes the residual-value presumptions for specified damage or excessive use, while the required disclosure in RCW 63.10.040(1)(o)(ii) describes the exception as covering the presumption and attorney fees. The exact attorney-fee interaction is not resolved by treating those sentences as identical. C045; B014. app.leg.wa.gov+1
Question 4 — Renewal, termination, reinstatement, and ownership
For a chapter 63.19 agreement:
- Renewal follows the qualifying arrangement’s payment structure; it is not itself ownership.
- The mandated termination disclosure concerns voluntary surrender or return in good repair upon expiration of a lease term, together with past-due rent.
- Initial reinstatement periods differ between monthly and more frequent payments.
- Timely voluntary return can produce a further reinstatement period of at least 21 days or at least 45 days, depending on the statutory two-thirds threshold.
- Those are minimum protected periods under the specified branches, not universal maximum deadlines.
- The statute expressly preserves reinstatement rights despite repossession during the reinstatement period.
- A fixed statutory early-buyout percentage was not found in the fully read chapter.
These are C025–C034, with unresolved allocation and frequency branches in B009–B012. app.leg.wa.gov+2
For true leases governed by Article 2A, termination, cancellation, rejection, revocation of acceptance, and repudiation are distinct legal events. Returning possession does not, by itself, establish one of them or erase every accrued or future obligation. The provisions governing acceptance, notice, cure, and remedies must be read together. C062–C076.
Question 5 — Narrow default, assignee, and remedy boundaries
Washington’s enacted finance-lease provisions require special attention. RCW 62A.2A-407 contains no express exclusion for consumer finance leases. It makes qualifying finance-lease promises irrevocable and independent upon acceptance. Washington’s finance-lease definition imposes additional information or approval conditions only for a consumer lease. The current text and the 1993 adopted original were both read. This does not establish that any particular lease qualifies, that acceptance occurred, or that all consumer defenses disappear. The interaction with consumer statutes, supplier warranties, revocation provisions, and assignment law remains conditional. C010, C065–C066; B018–B020. lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov+3
Article 2A’s remedies also differ from Article 9’s proceeds-and-deficiency framework. For example, a lessor’s sale of the goods generally points through RCW 62A.2A-527(3) to the market-rent measure in .528, rather than simply subtracting sale proceeds from an asserted debt. A qualifying replacement lease has a different measure. An action for rent has additional predicates, holding obligations, and credit rules. C080–C086.
Both consumer chapters connect violations to Washington’s Consumer Protection Act. Injury, causation, recoverable loss, judicial discretion, and other requirements remain material. Neither a disclosure defect nor a prohibited clause establishes every asserted consequence automatically. C097–C103.
Questions 6–7 — Retained dependencies and legal status
Federal Consumer Leasing Act/Regulation M, electronic consumer delivery, TILA, Holder Rule, cooling-off, MLA, SCRA, bankruptcy, debt collection, reporting, and preemption remain open. State statutory references to federal law are recorded as references, not treated as completed federal coverage.
The enacted originals confirm the material 1992 rental-purchase framework, 1995 and 1998 consumer-lease amendments, 2015 lease/security amendment, and 2023 UCC changes. The 2012 UCC act contains express application and savings provisions, including an expired interim definition amendment. The 2025 and 2026 sections-affected reports were checked as metadata, not substituted for operative law. A 2026 bill surfaced through a lease-exclusion reference; its official history did not show enactment, and no proposed language is applied here. C106–C112.
2. Source and usage register
Common access and authority notation
All entries below were accessed on 2026-10-28, America/Los_Angeles. “Current body” means the live official codified text returned on that date, with the credits and notes stated below; it is not a representation that every possible uncodified law or judicial construction was examined.
Chapter and section presentations of the same codified instrument are consolidated under one source ID. They are not independent corroboration. “Complete” refers to the specified section or subsection, not to an entire title. PDF readings were parsed text; no claim of pixel inspection is made.
2.1 Current operative texts
| Source ID |
Issuer/title and complete literal HTTPS URL |
Actual read extent and use |
Credits, status, effective/application limits |
| S_WA-P12-S001 |
Washington Legislature, chapter 63.19 RCW—Lease-purchase agreements. https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=63.19&full=true |
Complete §§.010–.110 and .900, including every subsection, exclusion, disclosure, and reinstatement branch. |
Current body. All operative sections carry 1992 c 134 credits: §§2–12; short title §1. Original and effective-date evidence: S015. |
| S_WA-P12-S002 |
Washington Legislature, chapter 63.10 RCW—Consumer leases. https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=63.10&full=true |
Complete §§.010, .020, .030, .040, .045, .050, .055, .060, .070, .080, .902. Section-page continuations completed .030 and .040. |
Current body. .020/.040 latest 1998 c 113 §§1–2; .030 2012 c 117 §165; .045/.050/.055/.902 1995 c 112; .070 2019 c 340 §1; .080 2023 c 208 §4. .060’s historical usury wording is not used as a general prospective exclusion. |
| S_WA-P12-S003 |
Washington Legislature, chapter 63.18 RCW—Leases of personal property. https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=63.18&full=true |
Complete sole section 63.18.010, including both disclaimer exceptions. |
Current body; 1974 ex.s. c 180 §3. Original read in S020. Exact original default effective date was not independently established. |
| S_WA-P12-S004 |
Washington Legislature, Article 62A.1 RCW—General provisions. https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=62A.1&full=true |
Complete relied portions: .1-101 application/savings notes; .1-102; .1-108; .1-201(a), relevant complete definitions in (b), including (2), (3), (8), (10)–(12), (20), (23), (25)–(28), (31), (35)–(37), (41), (43); .1-202, .1-203, .1-205, .1-301, .1-302, .1-304, .1-305, .1-309. .1-306/.1-308 were also displayed/read but are not substituted for the lease-specific waiver rule. |
Current body. Principal credits 2012 c 214 §§101–124; .1-203 additionally 2015 c 107 §1; .1-201/.1-301 additionally 2023 c 266 §§101, 103. Version and savings qualifications in S021–S023. Federal content incorporated by .1-108 remains unexamined. |
| S_WA-P12-S005 |
Washington Legislature, Article 62A.2A RCW—Leases. https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=62A.2A&full=true |
Complete section reads: 102–108; 201–202; 208–214; 218–221; 303; 401–403; 407; 501–505; 507–520; 523; 525–530. These were read through individual section pages and the chapter presentation. Not a whole-article read. Section 105 is retained only as a title-law dependency. |
Current body. Most sections credit 1993 c 230. 2023 c 266 §§301–305, 308 affect 102, 103, 107, 201, 202, 208. 2012 c 214 §§903–909 affect 501, 514, 518, 519, 526–528. Section 303 credits 2001 c 32 §10; 2000 c 250 §9A-809; 1993 c 230. Current 103 distinguishes expired 2012 §901 from succeeding §902. |
| S_WA-P12-S006 |
Washington Legislature, RCW 63.14.010—Definitions. https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=63.14.010 |
Complete (11)–(12) read for the sale/lease boundary and express lease exclusions; neighboring definitions read but not used as a new credit-sale report. |
Current body; displayed latest credit 2010 c 161 §1152, with earlier credits. Full retail-sale regime, application history, and P11 merits not imported. |
| S_WA-P12-S007 |
Washington Legislature, RCW 19.52.010—Interest rates; lease exclusions. https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=19.52.010 |
Complete section read; reliance confined to (3)(a)–(c). |
Current body; 2019 c 227 §5; 2011 c 336 §542; 1992 c 134 §13; 1983 c 309 §1 and c 158 §6. No loan-interest or medical-debt conclusion. |
| S_WA-P12-S008 |
Washington Legislature, RCW 62A.2-103—Definitions. https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=62A.2-103 |
Complete section and definition index read; reliance on (1)(c), receipt of goods, through Article 2A’s incorporation. |
Current body; 2012 c 214 §801; 2000 c 250 §9A-803; 1965 ex.s. c 157. Physical receipt is distinct from acceptance. |
| S_WA-P12-S009 |
Washington Legislature, RCW 62A.2-104—Merchant; between merchants. https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=62A.2-104 |
Complete section read; reliance on (1), (3). |
Current body; 2012 c 214 §802, earlier 1965 credit. Financing-agency merits not investigated. |
| S_WA-P12-S010 |
Washington Legislature, RCW 62A.9A-102—Definitions. https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=62A.9A-102 |
Complete (a)(23), consumer goods, and relevant definition/application notes read. Adjacent definitions appeared but are not used to rerun Article 9. |
Current body; latest 2023 c 266 §901; 2012 c 214 §1502, expired §1501, and earlier credits. Article 9 transition/perfection questions remain outside this pass. |
| S_WA-P12-S011 |
Washington Legislature, RCW 62A.9A-407—Restrictions on security interests in lease interests. https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=62A.9A-407 |
Complete (a)–(c), solely as an indispensable incorporation in 2A-303. |
Current body; 2001 c 32 §35; 2000 c 250 §9A-407. Earlier adopted-original assignment history not fully reconstructed. |
| S_WA-P12-S012 |
Washington Legislature, Consumer Protection Act—selected provisions. https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=19.86.020 ; https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=19.86.090 ; https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=19.86.093 |
Each specified section read completely, including .090 application note. Narrow use for consumer-chapter incorporation, injury, recovery, fees, and public-interest linkage. |
.020: 1961 c 216 §2. .090/.093 latest 2009 c 371 §§1–2; application §3. S027 verifies original. District-court amount incorporation, broader exemptions, public enforcement, and full judicial elements remain held. |
| S_WA-P12-S013 |
Washington Legislature, RCW 4.84.330—Contract/lease attorney fees. https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=4.84.330 |
Complete section, including application language, nonwaiver, and prevailing-party definition. |
Current body; 2011 c 336 §131; 1977 ex.s. c 203 §1. Original 1977 provision read in S028; 2011 adopted original not separately read. |
| S_WA-P12-S014 |
Washington Legislature, RCW 62A.11-110—Effective date, 1993 c 230. https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=62A.11-110 |
Complete effective-date clause. |
July 1, 1994, from 1993 c 230 §2A-605; corroborated by the same act’s original in S019, not counted as independent authority. |
The main current-law sources support the regime distinctions, disclosures, and remedies described above. app.leg.wa.gov+4
2.2 Adopted originals, application clauses, and status materials
For the bill-format PDFs below, the certification sheet is zero-based PDF index 0; printed bill page 1 generally corresponds to PDF index 1. The older bound-session PDFs have the separate printed-page mappings stated.
| Source ID |
Issuer/title and literal HTTPS URL |
Actual read bounds / exact pinpoint |
Status and qualification |
| S_WA-P12-S015 |
Washington Legislature, 1992 c 134, SHB 2299—Lease-purchase agreements. https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/1991-92/Pdf/Bills/Session%20Laws/House/2299-S.SL.pdf?cite=1992+c+134+s+2 |
Certification; complete §§1–12, printed pp.1–8/PDF 1–8; §13’s lease exclusion, pp.8–9/PDF 8–9; §§17–18, p.21/PDF 21. Other older UCC/retail amendments only partially read. |
Adopted; certification states June 11, 1992 effective date. §17 creates the chapter; §18 severability. Not a complete read of all 22 PDF pages. |
| S_WA-P12-S016 |
Washington Legislature, 1983 c 158—Consumer leases. https://leg.wa.gov/CodeReviser/documents/sessionlaw/1983c158.pdf?cite=1983+c+158+s+2 |
Complete act §§1–11, printed pp.681–687/PDF 0–6. |
Historical original. §11 immediate-effect clause; approval April 29, 1983. Later amendments govern changed text. |
| S_WA-P12-S017 |
Washington Legislature, 1995 c 112, SHB 1873—Consumer leases of motor vehicles. https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/1995-96/Pdf/Bills/Session%20Laws/House/1873-S.SL.pdf?cite=1995+c+112+s+1 |
Complete §§1–7, printed pp.1–6/PDF 1–6, plus certification. |
Adopted; §7: January 1, 1996. Includes motor-vehicle cap exception, disclosures, unlawful practices, remedies, and severability. Portions of §2 later amended by S018. |
| S_WA-P12-S018 |
Washington Legislature, 1998 c 113, SHB 2680—Consumer leasing disclosures. https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/1997-98/Pdf/Bills/Session%20Laws/House/2680-S.SL.pdf?cite=1998+c+113+s+1 |
Complete §§1–2, printed pp.1–5/PDF 1–5, plus certification. |
Adopted; certification June 11, 1998. “Gross capitalized cost” changes, removal of the older prescribed bold warning, and revised initial-payment disclosures verified. |
| S_WA-P12-S019 |
Washington Legislature, 1993 c 230, HB 1015—UCC leases. https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/1993-94/Htm/Bills/Session%20Laws/House/1015.SL.htm |
HTML original: complete relied §2A-103(1)(e), (g); §§2A-104, 2A-106–108, 2A-407, 2A-501–505, 2A-508–510, 2A-605; additional definition passages. |
Adopted historical original; §2A-605: July 1, 1994. Confirms Washington-specific consumer finance-lease and unconscionability wording. Not the whole act. |
| S_WA-P12-S020 |
Washington Legislature, 1974 ex.s. c 180—Warranty provisions. https://leg.wa.gov/CodeReviser/documents/sessionlaw/1974ex1c180.pdf?cite=1974+ex.s.+c+180+s+3 |
Chapter text read; reliance on complete §3, printed p.644/PDF 2. |
Adopted original of 63.18.010. Approval date read; exact original effective date not authenticated. No historical-event application is decided. |
| S_WA-P12-S021 |
Washington Legislature, 2015 c 107, SB 5032—Lease/security distinction. https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2015-16/Pdf/Bills/Session%20Laws/Senate/5032.SL.pdf?cite=2015+c+107+s+1 |
Complete §1(a)–(e), printed pp.1–3/PDF 1–3; certification. |
Adopted; certification July 24, 2015. Addition of 1-203(c)(7) verified. |
| S_WA-P12-S022 |
Washington Legislature, 2023 c 266, SSB 5077—UCC amendments. https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2023-24/Pdf/Bills/Session%20Laws/Senate/5077-S.SL.pdf?cite=2023+c+266+s+302 |
Complete relied §101 definitions of conspicuous/sign, pp.3, 7/PDF 3, 7; §§301–305, pp.12–18/PDF 12–18; §308, p.19/PDF 19; §§1101–1104, pp.130–131/PDF 130–131; §1204, p.134/PDF 134. Other displayed passages not treated as full-act coverage. |
Adopted; January 1, 2024 effective. General saving clause §1103 expressly subject to §§1104–1109. Full Article 9/12 transitions remain held. |
| S_WA-P12-S023 |
Washington Legislature, 2012 c 214, ESHB 2197—UCC amendments. https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2011-12/Pdf/Bills/Session%20Laws/House/2197-S.SL.pdf?cite=2012+c+214+s+110 |
Certification; complete §§903–909, printed pp.73–78/PDF 73–78; §§1803–1806, pp.154–155/PDF 154–155. §901 and §902 definition passages read only in part. |
Generally June 7, 2012; specified sections, including §902, effective July 1, 2013. §901 expired that date. Express transaction/document/bailment application and savings clauses read. |
| S_WA-P12-S024 |
Washington Legislature, 2012 c 117, SB 6095—Gender-neutral terms. https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2011-12/Pdf/Bills/Session%20Laws/Senate/6095.SL.pdf?cite=2012+c+117+s+165 |
Certification and complete §165, printed pp.128–129/PDF 128–129. |
Adopted; certification June 7, 2012. Latest amendment credited to 63.10.030; no whole-act read. |
| S_WA-P12-S025 |
Washington Legislature, 2019 c 340, SHB 1476—Dog/cat contracts. https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2019-20/Pdf/Bills/Session%20Laws/House/1476-S.SL.pdf?cite=2019+c+340+s+1 |
Certification; complete §1, p.1/PDF 1; §§5–6, p.4/PDF 4. |
Adopted; July 28, 2019. Ownership/return-of-payment remedy and unsecured-loan construction clause read. Broader lending and Article 9 amendments not applied. |
| S_WA-P12-S026 |
Washington Legislature, 2023 c 208, ESHB 1424—Dogs and cats. https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2023-24/Pdf/Bills/Session%20Laws/House/1424-S.SL.pdf?cite=2023+c+208+s+4 |
Certification and complete §4, printed p.7/PDF 7. Neighboring sale/loan text displayed but not used to investigate those regimes. |
Adopted; July 23, 2023. Only lease prohibition and express consequence used. |
| S_WA-P12-S027 |
Washington Legislature, 2009 c 371, SSB 5531—CPA violations. https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2009-10/Pdf/Bills/Session%20Laws/Senate/5531-S.SL.pdf?cite=2009+c+371+s+1 |
Complete §§1–3, printed pp.1–2/PDF 1–2; certification. |
Adopted; July 26, 2009. §3 application clause read. No limitation/accrual rule derived. |
| S_WA-P12-S028 |
Washington Legislature, 1977 ex.s. c 203—Contract/lease attorney fees. https://leg.wa.gov/CodeReviser/documents/sessionlaw/1977ex1c203.pdf?cite=1977+ex.s.+c+203+s+1 |
Complete §1, printed p.767/PDF 0. |
Adopted original. Current codification supplies the express after September 21, 1977 application wording; no independent calendar calculation. |
| S_WA-P12-S029 |
Washington Code Reviser, RCW Sections Affected by 2025 Statutes. https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2025-26/Pdf/Reports/Reports/RCW%20SL%20Sections%20Affected%202025.pdf |
Header; searches for 62A. and 63.; relevant Title 61–64 neighborhood, printed p.16/PDF 15. |
Metadata only, report dated June 2, 2025. No 62A. match; no relevant 63.10/.18/.19 entry observed. Not proof of no other legal change. |
| S_WA-P12-S030 |
Washington Code Reviser, RCW Sections Affected by 2026 Statutes. https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2025-26/Pdf/Reports/Reports/RCW%20SL%20Sections%20Affected%202026.pdf |
Header; searches for 62A. and 63.; relevant Title 61–64 neighborhood, printed p.10/PDF 9. |
Metadata only, report dated April 2, 2026. Same bounded no-match finding; not operative law or exhaustive currentness assurance. |
| S_WA-P12-S031 |
Washington Legislature, SB 5993—2025–26 official bill history. https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=5993&Year=2025 |
Complete displayed bill history through March 12, 2026, used only to classify a discovery result. |
History ends with return to Senate Rules for third reading; no enactment displayed. Proposed medical-debt text is not applied to this pass. |
Material version findings are supported by the adopted texts, not webpage update dates. lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov+5
3. Atomic consequential claim register
Confidence convention: Unless a row says otherwise, confidence is high in the stated text of the specified public authority. Actual applicability, compliance, factual predicates, judicial construction, and relief are held. “Text gap” identifies an issue the read provisions do not settle.
3.1 Classification and agreement requirements
| Claim ID |
Precise assertion |
Sources and pinpoints |
Conditions / confidence limits |
| S_WA-P12-C001 |
A chapter 63.19 lease-purchase agreement requires the natural-person/PFH-purpose, initial-period, payment-renewal, noncontinuation-obligation, and ownership-option characteristics stated in .010(5). |
S001, .010(3), (5) |
All characteristics matter; label alone insufficient. |
| S_WA-P12-C002 |
Chapter 63.19 excludes business/commercial/agricultural and government/organization arrangements, safe-deposit-box leases, the specified incidental-real-property/no-option arrangement, and automobile leases. |
S001, .020(2)(a)–(d) |
No transfer of its protections to an excluded category. |
| S_WA-P12-C003 |
The chapter’s exclusions from consumer-lease, retail-installment, security-interest, and usury laws are expressly attached to lease-purchase agreements that comply with the chapter. |
S001, .020(1)(a)–(d) |
Consequences of particular noncompliance are not resolved by assuming automatic reclassification. |
| S_WA-P12-C004 |
Cash price is the price at which the lessor would have sold for cash on the agreement date; consummation is the time of contractual obligation; the defined lessor regularly provides the use and is initially payable on the agreement’s face. |
S001, .010(2), (4), (6) |
These legal categories are not populated here. |
| S_WA-P12-C005 |
Chapter 63.10’s consumer-lease definition requires more than four months and generally no more than $25,000 total contractual obligation; the amount restriction does not apply to consumer motor-vehicle leases. |
S002, .020(4) |
Retail installment and chapter 63.19 exclusions apply. |
| S_WA-P12-C006 |
Chapter 63.10 excludes agricultural/business/commercial and government/organization leases; its lessee and regularly leasing/offering/arranging lessor definitions are separate conditions. |
S002, .020(4)–(6) |
No actual actor classification. |
| S_WA-P12-C007 |
Article 2A defines a lease as possession-and-use rights for a term and consideration, excluding sales and security interests; its goods definition includes movable goods and fixtures but excludes the listed financial/intangible categories. |
S005, 2A-103(1)(h), (j)–(p) |
Fixture/title and excluded-property incorporations remain separate. |
| S_WA-P12-C008 |
Article 2A’s consumer definition uses total payments no greater than $25,000 excluding renewal/buy-option payments and has no express four-month floor or motor-vehicle cap exception. |
S005, 2A-103(1)(e) |
Do not substitute S002’s definition. |
| S_WA-P12-C009 |
In a hybrid lease, predominance determines Article 2A’s broader reach; when goods leasing does not predominate, goods-related provisions and specified finance-lease provisions still apply as stated. |
S005, 2A-102(1)–(2), 103(1)(h.1); S022, §§301–302 |
Predominance and allocation are unresolved factual/construction predicates. |
| S_WA-P12-C010 |
Washington finance-lease status requires nonsupply/nonselection by the lessor, acquisition connected with the lease, and—in a consumer lease—one of the three specified pre-signing information or approval alternatives. |
S005, 2A-103(1)(g)(i)–(iii); S019, same; S022, §302 |
A financing label is insufficient. |
| S_WA-P12-C011 |
A nonterminable payment obligation plus any of 1-203(b)’s four specified economic-life/ownership conditions creates the stated security-interest branch. |
S004, 1-203(a)–(b) |
Full factual classification required; no security attachment or enforcement conclusion. |
| S_WA-P12-C012 |
The factors in 1-203(c) alone do not create a security interest; nominality and predicted values/economic life are governed by (d)–(e). |
S004, 1-203(c)–(e) |
Includes the disposition-value rental-adjustment factor added in 2015. |
| S_WA-P12-C013 |
RCW 63.14.010’s lease-shaped retail-sale gateway and exclusions, and RCW 19.52.010(3)’s lease exclusions, must be applied from their own text. |
S006, (11)–(12); S007, (3) |
No conclusion that every lease-form transaction avoids credit-sale or usury law. |
| S_WA-P12-C014 |
Article 2A preserves applicable title and Washington consumer-protection statutes; its conflict rule has specified title-law exceptions, and noncompliance has only the effect specified by applicable law. |
S005, 2A-104(1)–(3) |
Not an automatic void-contract or debt-discharge rule. |
| S_WA-P12-C015 |
Article 1’s relation-based territorial rules are subject to specified incorporations; an Article 2A consumer lease cannot enforce a law/forum choice outside the listed residence/use/execution connections. |
S004, 1-301(a)–(c); S005, 2A-106(1)–(2) |
No governing law or forum selected; title/interstate construction held. |
| S_WA-P12-C016 |
Under 2A-201(1), enforceability may rest on total payments less than $1,000, excluding renew/buy options, or on the sufficient signed-record branch. |
S005, 2A-201(1) |
Exactly $1,000 is not within the “less than” branch. Other consumer writing laws remain applicable. |
| S_WA-P12-C017 |
A sufficient record’s term/quantity limits and the special-goods, judicial-admission, and receipt-and-acceptance exceptions are governed by 2A-201(2)–(5). |
S005, 2A-201(2)–(5) |
Each exception requires its own predicates; no actual enforceability finding. |
| S_WA-P12-C018 |
“Record,” “sign,” “writing,” and “conspicuous” have different current UCC definitions; conspicuousness is a court question under the stated totality standard. |
S004, 1-201(b)(10), (31), (37), (43); S022, §101 |
Not a determination that an electronic disclosure satisfies all state or federal delivery requirements. |
| S_WA-P12-C019 |
Chapter 63.19 disclosures must be clear, conspicuous, written, made at/before consummation, accompanied by an agreement copy, and placed as specified above the signature line. |
S001, .030(1)–(3) |
A required signature-line location is not proof of signing or consent. |
| S_WA-P12-C020 |
One of multiple lessors may make disclosures, but all are bound; inaccuracy caused by a consumer’s post-delivery act, occurrence, or agreement is not itself a chapter violation. |
S001, .030(1), (4) |
This is not a general clerical-error or correction safe harbor. |
| S_WA-P12-C021 |
Lease-purchase disclosures must state number, amount, and timing of ownership payments and cash price; five or more items leased as one set may use aggregate cash price. |
S001, .040(1)(a), (b), (f) |
Total ownership payments and cash price remain separate. |
| S_WA-P12-C022 |
Required lease-purchase information includes the loss-related fair-market-value statement, identifying description, new/used status, and existing damage. |
S001, .040(1)(c)–(e) |
Describing new property as used is expressly not a violation; no valuation or ownership determination. |
| S_WA-P12-C023 |
Initial payments use the consummation-or-delivery-whichever-later reference; additional late/default/pickup/reinstatement charges must be separately disclosed from total ownership payments. |
S001, .040(1)(g)–(h) |
Disclosure does not independently authorize or earn a charge. |
| S_WA-P12-C024 |
Required information identifies maintenance/service responsibility; remaining manufacturer express warranty must transfer at ownership if its terms allow; date and party identities are also required categories. |
S001, .040(1)(j)–(k) |
No policy or actual warranty was examined. |
| S_WA-P12-C025 |
The required disclosure states a right to an early-purchase option and its price, formula, or method; the read chapter contains no fixed statutory percentage buyout formula. |
S001, .040(1)(i), complete chapter |
Exact option pricing and allocation remain unresolved without additional governing authority/predicates. |
| S_WA-P12-C026 |
The mandated termination statement concerns return/surrender in good repair at expiration of a lease term with past-due rent, without penalty. |
S001, .040(1)(l) |
Not a general rescission right or permission to disregard accrued rent or condition requirements. |
| S_WA-P12-C027 |
A lease-purchase agreement may not contain the six categories prohibited in .050, including waiver of claims/defenses and an entry/breach-of-peace authorization. |
S001, .050(1)–(6) |
Does not decide all separately executed post-default releases or every possession question. |
The classification and writing claims are grounded in the enacted Washington definitions, not model-UCC summaries. app.leg.wa.gov+4
3.2 Rental-purchase performance and consumer-lease charges
| Claim ID |
Precise assertion |
Sources and pinpoints |
Conditions / confidence limits |
| S_WA-P12-C028 |
Initial reinstatement requires past-due rent, conditional reasonable pickup/redelivery costs, and an applicable late fee within the monthly or more-frequent-payment period specified. |
S001, .060(1)(a)–(c) |
Ten/five days are not automatically late-fee-free grace periods or repossession stays. |
| S_WA-P12-C029 |
Payment of less than two-thirds of ownership payments plus qualifying timely voluntary return gives a reinstatement period not less than 21 days after return. |
S001, .060(2) |
Return through judicial process is excluded from this branch. |
| S_WA-P12-C030 |
Payment of two-thirds or more plus the same qualifying return conditions gives not less than 45 days after return. |
S001, .060(3) |
Equality belongs in this branch; payment allocation is not assumed. |
| S_WA-P12-C031 |
Repossession attempts during reinstatement are not barred by .060 itself, but repossession does not defeat reinstatement; reinstatement requires same or comparable-quality-and-condition goods. |
S001, .060(4) |
No authorization for an actual repossession or entry. |
| S_WA-P12-C032 |
A written receipt is required for each lease-purchase payment made by cash or money order. |
S001, .070 |
Does not establish the complete rule for other payment methods. |
| S_WA-P12-C033 |
Satisfaction and replacement of an agreement by a new agreement between the same lessor and consumer is a renegotiation requiring new disclosures. |
S001, .080(1), opening sentences |
Actual replacement/satisfaction not assumed. |
| S_WA-P12-C034 |
The specified property changes within the 25% condition, deferrals/extensions, charge reductions, and proceeding-related agreements are excluded from renegotiation; extensions require no new disclosures under .080(2). |
S001, .080(1)(a)–(d), (2) |
Not authority for an undisclosed or unlimited extension charge. |
| S_WA-P12-C035 |
A lease-purchase advertisement combining a payment amount and ownership right for a specific item triggers the listed disclosures, subject to directory/no-payment-amount and media-personnel provisions. |
S001, .090(1)–(3), .010(1) |
Generic statutory advertising condition only. |
| S_WA-P12-C036 |
Returned leased upholstered furniture or bedding must be sanitized; unsanitized used property in those categories may not be leased. |
S001, .100 |
No sanitation method or product standard investigated. |
| S_WA-P12-C037 |
Chapter 63.10 requires the applicable goods, initial-payment, periodic-payment, official-fee/tax, other-charge, and other-security-interest information. |
S002, .040(1)(a)–(e), (i) |
Security deposit and additional security interest are distinct disclosure categories. |
| S_WA-P12-C038 |
Chapter 63.10 separately requires insurance, express-warranty, maintenance/service, and any reasonable wear/use-standard information. |
S002, .040(1)(f)–(h) |
Does not determine who actually owes insurance or maintenance. |
| S_WA-P12-C039 |
Chapter 63.10 requires applicable default/late-charge, purchase-option, early-termination, residual-liability, appraisal, and end-value information. |
S002, .040(1)(j)–(o) |
Disclosure and substantive authorization remain separate. |
| S_WA-P12-C040 |
Motor-vehicle disclosures use gross capitalized cost, capitalized-cost reduction, adjusted cost, trade-in tax-benefit disclosures, and itemized initial-payment categories as specified. |
S002, .020(1)–(3), .040(1)(p) |
Federal superseding-definition incorporation and substantive tax law remain open. |
| S_WA-P12-C041 |
Chapter 63.10 prohibits the stated false/deceptive motor-vehicle lease advertising and material misrepresentations; it also incorporates federal disclosure/advertising requirements. |
S002, .045(1)–(3), reviser’s note |
Only the state wording is authenticated; current federal compliance is not. |
| S_WA-P12-C042 |
The federal-equivalence clauses in .040(2) of each consumer chapter are limited by their own wording. |
S001, .040(2); S002, .040(2) |
No blanket federal exemption or current Regulation M conclusion. |
| S_WA-P12-C043 |
A chapter 63.10 estimated residual value supporting expiration liability must reasonably approximate anticipated actual fair-market value at expiration. |
S002, .030(1), first sentence |
Does not identify actual residual value with an assumed sale price. |
| S_WA-P12-C044 |
Estimated residual value exceeding actual residual value by more than three average monthly-allocable payments triggers the stated reasonableness/good-faith presumptions. |
S002, .030(1) |
Strict “more than”; expiration branch; not a universal liability ceiling. |
| S_WA-P12-C045 |
The residual provision requires a successful action for the specified excess liability and contains a lessee-fee provision; the damage/use exception and .040(o)(ii)’s fee wording are not identical. |
S002, .030(1), .040(1)(o)(ii) |
Held: exact fee-carveout interaction. Presumption exception cannot be silently expanded or narrowed. |
| S_WA-P12-C046 |
The residual-value appraisal provision uses an independent professional agreed by both parties, at lessee expense, and makes that appraisal binding; the disclosure clause covers its stated early/end-termination circumstances. |
S002, .030(3), .040(1)(n) |
No appraisal performed or value adopted. |
| S_WA-P12-C047 |
Lease-specified delinquency/default/early-termination penalties or charges must be reasonable considering anticipated or actual harm, proof difficulty, and remedy inconvenience/nonfeasibility. |
S002, .030(2) |
No fixed dollar/percentage schedule supplied by this subsection. |
| S_WA-P12-C048 |
The fully read consumer chapters do not establish a general fixed numerical rent/deposit/late-fee schedule for every covered category; disclosed categories do not establish unlimited-charge permission. |
S001–S002, complete operative charge/disclosure provisions |
Bounded textual finding; federal, insurance, special-sector, and construction questions remain open. |
The reinstatement and residual-value qualifications are material to the conclusions. app.leg.wa.gov+3
3.3 Warranties, risk, performance, and default
| Claim ID |
Precise assertion |
Sources and pinpoints |
Conditions / confidence limits |
| S_WA-P12-C049 |
Basis-of-bargain affirmations, descriptions, samples, or models can create Article 2A express warranties; mere value statements or opinion/commendation do not. |
S005, 2A-210(1)–(2) |
No actual representation or bargain examined. |
| S_WA-P12-C050 |
Except in a finance lease, merchantability is implied when the lessor is a merchant regarding goods of that kind, with the six stated minimum characteristics. |
S005, 2A-212(1)–(3); S009, (1) |
Subject to applicable disclaimer and consumer-law rules. |
| S_WA-P12-C051 |
Except in a finance lease, fitness requires the lessor’s reason to know the particular purpose and reliance on the lessor’s skill or judgment at contracting. |
S005, 2A-213 |
No fitness or reliance finding. |
| S_WA-P12-C052 |
Article 2A provides a lessor-caused interference warranty; its infringement warranty has merchant/finance qualifications and a specifications-based lessee indemnity provision. |
S005, 2A-211(1)–(3) |
No title clearance or infringement analysis. |
| S_WA-P12-C053 |
Warranty exclusions/modifications are constrained by 2A-214’s consistency, writing, conspicuousness, wording, inspection, and course-of-dealing/trade provisions. |
S005, 2A-214(1)–(4), 202; S004, 1-201(b)(10), (43) |
“As is” is not assumed universally effective; S003 may independently control. |
| S_WA-P12-C054 |
For movable personal-property leases primarily for Washington use, not free of charge, at no more than $6,000 annualized consideration, 63.18.010 restricts implied-warranty disclaimers unless a stated exception applies. |
S003, .010(1)–(2); S020, §3 |
Threshold is not a rental-price ceiling. Specific unwarranted qualities or the regulated-utility/service lessee exception matter. |
| S_WA-P12-C055 |
A court finding unconscionability at making may refuse enforcement, sever, or limit the clause; reasonable evidentiary opportunity is required. |
S005, 2A-108(1)–(2); S019, same |
Washington’s section has no additional consumer-specific fee subsections. |
| S_WA-P12-C056 |
UCC good faith applies to performance/enforcement; good faith, diligence, reasonableness, and care cannot be disclaimed, although nonmanifestly-unreasonable standards may be set. |
S004, 1-302(a)–(c), 1-304, 1-201(b)(20) |
Not a blanket rule that all contract variation is forbidden. |
| S_WA-P12-C057 |
A lease modification needs no consideration; signed-record modification restrictions, merchant-form separate signing, waiver, and reliance-limited retraction follow 2A-208. |
S005, 2A-208(1)–(4); S022, §308 |
Retraction requires reasonable notification received; actual waiver not assumed. |
| S_WA-P12-C058 |
An alleged-default/warranty claim may be released under 2A-107 through a signed record delivered by the aggrieved party without consideration. |
S005, 2A-107; S022, §303 |
Interaction with chapter 63.19’s prohibited waiver clause and other consumer law remains held. |
| S_WA-P12-C059 |
Article 2A recognizes the specified insurable interests and permits agreement allocating insurance procurement/payment and proceeds beneficiary. |
S005, 2A-218(1)–(5) |
No insurance premium approval, coverage conclusion, or policy construction. |
| S_WA-P12-C060 |
Article 2A’s default risk-of-loss allocation distinguishes finance leases, shipment/tender/receipt, and the default-related adjustments in 2A-220. |
S005, 2A-219(1)–(2), 220(1)–(2); S008, (1)(c); S009, (1) |
Agreement, delivery branch, insurance shortfall, and conformity matter. |
| S_WA-P12-C061 |
The identified-goods casualty provision distinguishes total loss from partial loss and expressly limits the rent-allowance option in finance leases. |
S005, 2A-221(a)–(b), opening conditions |
Fault, identification, delivery, and risk timing predicates are held. |
| S_WA-P12-C062 |
Acceptance requires reasonable inspection opportunity plus qualifying conduct or ineffective rejection; acceptance of part of a commercial unit accepts the unit. |
S005, 2A-515(1)–(2), 103(1)(c), 509(2) |
Physical receipt alone is not this complete test. |
| S_WA-P12-C063 |
Accepted goods require contractual rent with allowance for rightful rejection/nondelivery; knowledge of nonconformity affects revocation differently for finance and other leases. |
S005, 2A-516(1)–(2) |
Acceptance alone does not eliminate all other nonconformity remedies. |
| S_WA-P12-C064 |
After accepted tender, reasonable-time default notification and the lessee’s burden are specified; litigation-over notice rules have additional qualifications, including a consumer exception in (3)(b). |
S005, 2A-516(3)–(5); S004, 1-201(b)(8) |
Not a general lawsuit limitation period. |
| S_WA-P12-C065 |
A qualifying finance lessee’s promises become irrevocable and independent upon acceptance under Washington’s 2A-407, enforceable as specified including by/against assignees. |
S005, 2A-407(1)–(3); S019, same |
No express consumer exclusion in this section. Consumer-law, classification, acceptance, and revocation interactions remain conditional. |
| S_WA-P12-C066 |
Finance lessees receive the specified supply-contract promises/warranties subject to their terms and defenses; supplier notice affects later modification/rescission consequences. |
S005, 2A-209(1)–(4) |
Does not impose supply-contract duties on the lessee or establish supplier liability. |
| S_WA-P12-C067 |
Rejection requires the stated nonconformity and reasonable-time/seasonable-notification conditions; separate-delivery installment leases have the substantial-impairment/cure rules in .510. |
S005, 2A-509–510; 103(1)(i) |
“Installment lease” here means separate delivery lots, not merely periodic rent. |
| S_WA-P12-C068 |
Lessor/supplier cure rights and failure-to-specify-defect consequences qualify rejection; paying against documents without reserving rights has the stated apparent-defect consequence. |
S005, 2A-513(1)–(2), 514(1)–(2) |
Merchant-only written-demand branch is not transferred to all consumers. |
| S_WA-P12-C069 |
Revocation requires a statutory/agreed ground and the specified impairment, knowledge, time, condition-change, and notification predicates. |
S005, 2A-517(1)–(5) |
Finance-lease exclusions and the lessor-assurance branch must be preserved. |
| S_WA-P12-C070 |
Rightful rejection can leave reasonable-care and disposition-related duties; .511 supplies special merchant/rapid-decline and reimbursement protections incorporated by .512. |
S005, 2A-511(1)–(4), 512(1)–(2), 508(5) |
No actual storage, shipment, disposition, or title-transfer instruction. |
| S_WA-P12-C071 |
Reasonable insecurity permits a written adequate-assurance demand; failure within a reasonable time no longer than 30 days after receipt can constitute repudiation. |
S005, 2A-401(1)–(5) |
Not a universal payment-cure period; commercially reasonable suspension and merchant qualifications apply. |
| S_WA-P12-C072 |
Anticipatory repudiation requires substantially impairing loss of future performance; retraction is limited by the next-performance event and intervening cancellation/change/finality conditions. |
S005, 2A-402(a)–(c), 403(1)–(3) |
No actual repudiation or retraction determined. |
| S_WA-P12-C073 |
Default is determined by agreement and Article 2A; the default-notice rule is expressly subject to Article 2A and the agreement. |
S005, 2A-501(1)–(5), 502; 104 |
Consumer statutes and federal obligations cannot be erased by reading .502 alone. |
| S_WA-P12-C074 |
Wrongful rejection/revocation, nonpayment when due, and repudiation trigger .523(1); other defaults have agreement/substantial-impairment branches. |
S005, 2A-523(1)–(3) |
No conclusion that an asserted missed payment proves a recoverable remedy. |
| S_WA-P12-C075 |
The possession provision requires its specified default/agreement predicates; assembly requires an agreement and reasonable convenience; nonjudicial action is conditioned on no breach of peace. |
S005, 2A-525(1)–(3) |
The “render unusable” language concerns goods employed in trade/business; no consumer disabling permission. |
| S_WA-P12-C076 |
Cancellation/termination discharge only obligations still executory on both sides as specified; prior-performance/default rights survive, and cancellation wording does not ordinarily renounce antecedent damages. |
S005, 2A-505(1)–(5), 103(1)(b), (z) |
Returning possession is not automatic debt discharge. |
These performance rules preserve distinctions between delivery, acceptance, nonconformity, default, and the legal effect of ending an arrangement. app.leg.wa.gov+4
3.4 Monetary remedies, assignment, enforcement, and versions
| Claim ID |
Precise assertion |
Sources and pinpoints |
Conditions / confidence limits |
| S_WA-P12-C077 |
Agreed remedies may be optional or expressly exclusive; failure of essential purpose/unconscionability and the consumer personal-injury consequential-damage rule constrain them. Cumulative remedies remain subject to stated exceptions. |
S005, 2A-503(1)–(4), 501(4); S004, 1-305; S010, (a)(23) |
No automatic stacking or duplicative recovery. |
| S_WA-P12-C078 |
Liquidated damages may include stated residual/tax-benefit harm, but the amount/formula must be reasonable in light of then-anticipated harm; invalid/failing clauses return to Article remedies. |
S005, 2A-504(1)–(2) |
Not a blanket validation of an agreed charge. |
| S_WA-P12-C079 |
The restitution rule after justified withholding/stoppage uses valid liquidation terms or the 20%-of-PV branch, with a lesser-of-$500 consumer branch and proved offsets. |
S005, 2A-504(3)–(4), 525–526 |
Not a general deposit cap or automatic retention allowance. |
| S_WA-P12-C080 |
A substantially similar replacement lease made in good faith and commercially reasonably supports .527(2)’s specifically dated rent-difference measure. |
S005, 2A-527(1)–(2); S023, §908 |
Subject to permitted agreed/liquidated-damage alternatives. |
| S_WA-P12-C081 |
A nonqualifying replacement lease, sale, other disposition, or retention leads to .528(1)’s measure, using its possession/tender/default reference event and market rent. |
S005, 2A-527(3), 528(1) |
Not simply original rent minus sale price. |
| S_WA-P12-C082 |
If .528(1) is inadequate to restore the performance position, .528(2) uses PV profit including reasonable overhead, incidental damages, cost allowance, and credit for payments/proceeds. |
S005, 2A-528(2) |
Inadequacy must be established; no cumulative double measure. |
| S_WA-P12-C083 |
An action for rent requires .529’s default and accepted/lost/damaged or reasonable-disposition-effort predicates plus its holding requirement. |
S005, 2A-529(1)–(2), 219–220 |
No automatic acceleration of all future rent. |
| S_WA-P12-C084 |
Subsequent disposition can change the .529 recovery and require judgment credit; payment gives remaining-term use/possession of undisposed goods. |
S005, 2A-529(3)–(5) |
It does not itself transfer ownership. |
| S_WA-P12-C085 |
Lessor incidental damages are the commercially reasonable charges/expenses/commissions described in .530. |
S005, 2A-530 |
No automatic attorney-fee entitlement inferred from the list. |
| S_WA-P12-C086 |
A lessor need not account for disposition profit under .527(5); a rightfully rejecting/revoking lessee must account for excess over its specified security interest. |
S005, 2A-527(4)–(5), 508(5) |
No automatic Article 9 surplus rule; third-party good-faith/value conditions matter. |
| S_WA-P12-C087 |
A lessee’s statutory deduction of default damages from rent still due under the same lease requires notification of intent and is expressly subject to .407. |
S005, 2A-508(6) |
No withholding or setoff direction for an actual matter. |
| S_WA-P12-C088 |
Specified lessor default/rightful rejection/justifiable revocation can support cancellation and recovery of paid rent/security that is just in the circumstances, plus other incorporated remedies. |
S005, 2A-508(1)–(5) |
Specific performance, replevin, and insolvency recovery incorporations not completed here. |
| S_WA-P12-C089 |
Qualifying substitute leasing uses .518(2)’s new-rent-minus-original-rent PV measure plus qualifying losses less saved expenses; other cover routes go to .519. |
S005, 2A-518(1)–(3); S023, §905 |
Qualification, default, and agreed-remedy conditions apply. |
| S_WA-P12-C090 |
No/nonqualifying cover uses .519(1)’s market-rent measure at default, with place determined by .519(2). |
S005, 2A-519(1)–(2) |
No actual market rent supplied. |
| S_WA-P12-C091 |
Accepted-goods default damages under .519(3) require notification and use reasonably determined ordinary-course loss plus qualifying losses less saved expenses, except as agreed. |
S005, 2A-519(3), 516(3) |
Not a fixed statutory award. |
| S_WA-P12-C092 |
Warranty damages under .519(4) use the stated PV difference in value of use at acceptance, subject to special-circumstance proximate loss and agreed variation. |
S005, 2A-519(4) |
No invented subtraction orientation, valuation, or automatic amount. |
| S_WA-P12-C093 |
Lessee incidental and consequential damages require the stated reasonableness, contracting-time knowledge, preventability, or proximate-injury predicates. |
S005, 2A-520(1)–(2) |
Consequential loss is not presumed from default. |
| S_WA-P12-C094 |
Market-rent proof uses the specified term/time/place; substitute evidence and official-market reports have the stated allowance, notice, and weight rules. |
S005, 2A-507(1)–(4) |
No market report or valuation was obtained. |
| S_WA-P12-C095 |
Article 2A’s transfer rules and incorporated 9A-407 distinguish effective transfers from prohibited/default-producing transfers and material delegation/impairment. |
S005, 2A-303(1)–(4); S011, (a)–(c) |
Full Article 9 assignment/defense/perfection law remains open. |
| S_WA-P12-C096 |
General lease transfer can delegate duties under stated conditions; transfer does not relieve the transferor unless agreed; consumer transfer restrictions must be specific, written, and conspicuous. |
S005, 2A-303(5)–(7) |
No assignee or waiver classification made. |
| S_WA-P12-C097 |
Chapters 63.10 and 63.19 expressly connect violations to CPA unfair/deceptive practices and public-interest treatment. |
S001, .110; S002, .050; S012, .020, .093 |
Does not alone establish injury, causation, every remedy, or automatic debt cancellation. |
| S_WA-P12-C098 |
CPA private recovery under .090 requires injury to business/property by a covered violation; it provides actual damages, specified relief/costs/fees, and discretionary enhancement subject to statutory limits. |
S012, .090 complete; S027, §§1–3 |
Exact enhancement application, forum incorporation, and full judicial elements held. |
| S_WA-P12-C099 |
For damages under 63.10.050, the court may award the identified CPA or federal damages, not both. |
S002, .050; S017, §4 |
Federal amounts and prerequisites were not researched. |
| S_WA-P12-C100 |
Chapter 63.10 states its provisions are cumulative and nonexclusive and preserve other legal/equitable remedies. |
S002, .055 |
Read together with C099’s express damages election. |
| S_WA-P12-C101 |
For a qualifying post-September-21-1977 contract/lease fee clause, 4.84.330 grants reasonable fees to the final-judgment prevailing party regardless of which party the clause names and prohibits the specified waiver. |
S013 complete; S028, §1 |
Not automatic collection costs or a determination of prevailing status. |
| S_WA-P12-C102 |
The 2019 dog/cat ownership-payment/lease-option prohibition has the stated prospective contract boundary, ownership/payment-return consequence, and unsecured-loan construction exception. |
S002, .070 and notes; S025, §§1, 5–6 |
Other lending law is not resolved by the 2019 exception. |
| S_WA-P12-C103 |
The 2023 dog/cat consumer-lease provision prohibits the specified financing and makes covered post-effective contracts void with no right to collect/receive/retain related principal, interest, or charges. |
S002, .080; S026, §4 |
Category-specific; not extended to ordinary goods generally. |
| S_WA-P12-C104 |
UCC notification, receipt of notification, actual knowledge, physical receipt of goods, and acceptance have distinct statutory definitions/tests. |
S004, 1-202(a)–(f), 1-201(b)(36); S008, (1)(c); S005, 2A-515 |
Dispatch is not universally receipt; receipt is not universally acceptance. |
| S_WA-P12-C105 |
UCC reasonable time depends on nature, purpose, and circumstances; seasonableness uses agreed time or otherwise reasonable time. An insecurity/at-will acceleration clause is constrained by good-faith impaired-prospect belief and the stated burden. |
S004, 1-205(a)–(b), 1-309 |
No fixed calendar convention or actual acceleration conclusion. |
| S_WA-P12-C106 |
The 2023 act took effect January 1, 2024 and changed hybrid-lease and specified record/signature provisions. |
S022, §§101, 301–305, 308, 1204 |
Not every Article 2A clause was newly enacted in 2024. |
| S_WA-P12-C107 |
The 2023 general saving clause and 2012 application/savings clauses prevent assuming one current wording governs every older transaction; the 2012 interim definition section expired. |
S022, §§1103–1104; S023, §§1803–1806 |
Full special Article 9/12 transitions and historical application remain held. |
| S_WA-P12-C108 |
The original chapter 63.19 act is adopted 1992 c 134, effective June 11, 1992; the current operative chapter credits that act. |
S001; S015 certification, §§1–12, 17–18 |
No inferred later repeal or universal retroactivity. |
| S_WA-P12-C109 |
The consumer-lease original and material vehicle/disclosure amendments have distinct 1983, 1996, and 1998 effective versions; the 1995 prescribed bold warning was removed in 1998. |
S016 §11; S017 §§2, 7; S018 §§1–2 |
Older form requirements cannot be presented as current merely because an older enactment contains them. |
| S_WA-P12-C110 |
The 2015 act added the disposition-value rental-adjustment factor to the list that alone does not create a security interest. |
S004, 1-203(c)(7); S021, §1 |
Effective July 24, 2015; classification still requires the full section. |
| S_WA-P12-C111 |
The 2009 CPA amendment’s application is expressly tied to causes of action accruing on/after its effective date. |
S027, §3, certification; S012 .090 note |
Application boundary only; no accrual or limitation analysis performed. |
| S_WA-P12-C112 |
The 2025/2026 metadata checks revealed no relevant listed amendments to the core chapters examined; the identified SB 5993 result was not shown enacted in its displayed history. |
S029–S031 |
Bounded research finding, not proof of absence of every later or uncodified rule. |
The formula predicates and version qualifications are supported by the actual Washington provisions and adopted amendments. app.leg.wa.gov+5
4. Quantity, formula, event, and counting register
Global limits: These are source-stated relations, not calculations. No financial amount or event date has been supplied. Unless a row states otherwise, the read text supplies no rounding rule, day-zero convention, weekend/holiday adjustment, or universal “business day” substitution. “Within,” “after,” “before,” “at least,” “more than,” and “not exceeding” are preserved rather than converted into an actual deadline.
For the symbolic rows:
- PV_t(X) means the Article 2A present value of the identified future sums at the source’s reference time t.
- I means only qualifying incidental damages; K only qualifying consequential damages.
- E means expenses saved because of the relevant default.
- These symbols are explanatory labels, not additional statutory definitions.
- No zero floor, assumed sign, automatic surplus, or duplicate recovery is added.
| Quantity ID |
Source-stated amount / relation / unit |
Reference event, boundary, and qualification |
Claims |
| Q001 |
Chapter 63.10 duration > 4 months; total contractual obligation ≤ $25,000. |
Motor-vehicle exception removes the amount restriction, not every other definition condition. No index stated in this clause. |
C005–C006 |
| Q002 |
Chapter 63.19 initial period ≤ 4 months. |
Initial period, not total possible ownership-payment duration; qualifying renewal/noncontinuation/ownership conditions required. |
C001–C003 |
| Q003 |
Article 2A consumer total payments ≤ $25,000, excluding renewal/buy-option payments. |
No express motor-vehicle exception or four-month floor in this definition. |
C008 |
| Q004 |
Chapter 63.18 annualized rental/consideration ≤ $6,000 per year. |
Washington primary-use and nonfree-lease predicates; warranty-disclaimer threshold, not rent cap. Annualization mechanics/rounding not supplied. |
C054 |
| Q005 |
2A-201’s alternative branch: total payments < $1,000, excluding renewal/buy-option payments. |
Strict inequality; other writing laws and exceptions remain material. |
C016–C018 |
| Q006 |
Security branch: original term ≥ remaining economic life, or the specified ownership/renewal/no-or-nominal-consideration alternatives. |
Must also satisfy nonterminable payment obligation; values/life predicted at transaction entry. |
C011–C012 |
| Q007 |
Nominality: additional consideration less than reasonably predictable cost of not exercising the option; stated fair-market-value/rent alternatives are separately addressed. |
No value or discount rate supplied; full 1-203(d)–(e) controls. |
C012 |
| Q008 |
Consumer choice-of-law/forum residence connection includes enforceability time or within 30 days thereafter. |
Alternative use/execution connections also listed; no actual law/forum choice. |
C015 |
| Q009 |
Five or more items as a set in one agreement may use aggregate cash-price disclosure. |
Does not combine separate agreements automatically. |
C021 |
| Q010 |
Cash price uses the agreement date; initial-payment disclosure uses consummation or delivery, whichever is later. |
Cash price, initial payments, total ownership payments, and other fees remain distinct bases. |
C004, C021, C023 |
| Q011 |
Required loss statement uses fair market value if and as of loss/theft/damage/destruction. |
Not automatically original cash price, replacement-new price, or all remaining ownership payments. |
C022 |
| Q012 |
Reinstatement amount: past-due rent + reasonable pickup/redelivery costs if picked up + applicable late fee. |
No independent numeric late-fee cap or automatic pickup charge in .060. |
C028 |
| Q013 |
Monthly payments: reinstatement within 10 days of renewal date. |
“Days” not converted into business days; renewal-date and counting predicates unresolved. |
C028 |
| Q014 |
More frequent than monthly: reinstatement within 5 days of renewal date. |
Less-frequent-than-monthly schedule not expressly assigned a period by this clause. |
C028; B010 |
| Q015 |
Paid < 2/3 of total ownership payments → qualifying return gives not less than 21 days after return. |
Timely voluntary return/surrender within initial reinstatement period; not judicial return. Minimum, not maximum. |
C029 |
| Q016 |
Paid ≥ 2/3 → qualifying return gives not less than 45 days after return. |
Equality in this branch. Allocation of additional charges to the fraction not invented. |
C030 |
| Q017 |
Termination disclosure: return/surrender in good repair upon expiration of any lease term, with past-due rent. |
No general rescission period or automatic refund of past rent stated. |
C026 |
| Q018 |
Property-change renegotiation exception: average payment allocable to a payment period not changed by more than 25%. |
Equality does not exceed the stated boundary; calculation/rounding details not specified. |
C034 |
| Q019 |
Written receipt for each cash or money-order payment. |
Other payment-method requirements not authenticated by this section. |
C032 |
| Q020 |
Adjusted capitalized cost = gross capitalized cost − capitalized-cost reduction. |
Reduction excludes periodic payments due at inception and all periodic payments prepaid there; federal superseding definition held. |
C040 |
| Q021 |
Estimated residual value − actual residual value > 3 × average payment allocable to a monthly period. |
Expiration-liability presumption trigger; not automatic cap; damage/use and fee interaction qualifications retained. |
C043–C045 |
| Q022 |
Default/late/early-termination charge must be reasonable under .030(2)’s harm/proof/remedy factors. |
No fixed amount, frequency, percentage, or rounding stated. |
C047–C048 |
| Q023 |
Appraisal expense is the lessee’s; agreed independent professional’s appraisal is binding under the specified clause. |
Termination/residual-value predicates; no appraisal amount or universal appraisal deadline. |
C046 |
| Q024 |
PV_t discounts future sums to the source-stated time using the agreed rate if not manifestly unreasonable at entry; otherwise a commercially reasonable entry-time rate under 2A-103(1)(u). |
No rate, compounding interval, day-count basis, or rounding supplied. Article-specific definition controls this register. |
C080–C094; S005, 103(1)(u) |
| Q025 |
Liquidated damages: amount/formula reasonable in light of then-anticipated harm. |
Includes specified residual/tax-benefit harm; invalid/failing clause does not establish the same amount through another label. |
C078 |
| Q026 |
Conditional restitution is the amount by which payments exceed valid liquidated damages; absent such terms, use 20% × then-PV of total remaining obligated rent, or for an Article 2A consumer lease the lesser of that amount and $500. |
Justified withholding/stoppage because of default/insolvency; subject to established offsets. Not deposit cap or automatic earned fee. |
C079 |
| Q027 |
Qualifying lessor replacement lease: accrued unpaid rent at new-term commencement + PV of original remaining rent − PV of new rent for the comparable remaining period **+ I − E`. |
Same reference date for both PV terms; substantial similarity, good faith, commercial reasonableness, and alternative-remedy qualifications. |
C080 |
| Q028 |
Lessor .528(1): accrued unpaid rent at statutory reference event + PV original remaining rent − PV market rent for same term at goods’ location **+ I − E`. |
Event is default if never possessed; otherwise repossession or an earlier tender. Applies retention/nonqualifying lease/sale/other disposition branch. |
C081 |
| Q029 |
Lessor .528(2): PV of full-performance profit, including reasonable overhead, + I + due allowance for reasonable costs − due credit for payments/disposition proceeds. |
Only if .528(1) inadequate to restore the performance position. No duplicate addition to a complete recovery. |
C082 |
| Q030 |
Action for rent: accrued unpaid rent at judgment entry + PV at that date of remaining rent **+ I − E`. |
.529’s goods/default/disposition-effort and holding predicates; not automatic rent acceleration. |
C083 |
| Q031 |
Later disposition before remaining term ends changes recovery to .527/.528; appropriate credit concerns the judgment’s excess over that recovery. |
Disposition before collection; no invented negative-credit or surplus rule. |
C084 |
| Q032 |
Lessor ordinary-loss branch: reasonably determined ordinary-course loss + I − E. |
.523(2) and (3) predicates; no fixed amount. |
C074 |
| Q033 |
Qualifying lessee cover lease: PV comparable new rent − PV original remaining rent **+ I + K − E`. |
At commencement of new term; substantial similarity, good faith, commercial reasonableness; permitted agreed-remedy exceptions. |
C089 |
| Q034 |
Lessee no/nonqualifying-cover branch: PV market rent − PV original rent, both at default for remaining original term, **+ I + K − E`. |
Place is tender location or, for rejection after arrival/revocation, arrival location. |
C090 |
| Q035 |
Accepted-goods default: reasonably determined ordinary-course loss + I + K − E. |
Acceptance and required notification; except as agreed. |
C091 |
| Q036 |
Warranty measure: PV at acceptance time/place of the statutory difference between value of use as accepted and as warranted over the lease term, + I + K − E. |
Special circumstances may show different proximate damages. No arithmetic orientation or value is supplied here. |
C092 |
| Q037 |
Consequential loss requires contracting-time reason to know plus inability reasonably to prevent by cover/otherwise, or proximate person/property injury from warranty breach. |
Not a percentage or automatic statutory minimum. |
C093 |
| Q038 |
A disposing lessee’s .511 reimbursement may include usual trade commission; absent one, a reasonable sum not exceeding 10% of gross proceeds, if expenses include no disposition commission. |
Only the incorporated rightful-rejection/disposition branch; no disposition instruction or general lessor fee. |
C070 |
| Q039 |
Adequate assurance: reasonable time not exceeding 30 days after receipt of demand. |
Reasonable insecurity and adequate-assurance predicates; not a universal default-cure period. |
C071 |
| Q040 |
Rejection: reasonable time after tender/delivery plus seasonable notification. Revocation: reasonable time after discovery/constructive discovery, before specified condition change, effective on notification. |
No fixed days or suit limitation derived. |
C067–C069 |
| Q041 |
Accepted-tender default notice: reasonable time after discovery/constructive discovery; burden to establish default rests on lessee. |
“Burden of establishing” uses more-probable-than-nonexistence language, not a numerical probability supplied here. |
C064 |
| Q042 |
Finance-lease independence begins upon acceptance; consumer finance information alternatives operate before signing or as an effectiveness condition. |
Signing, receipt, acceptance, and independent obligation are not collapsed. |
C010, C062, C065 |
| Q043 |
Post-default release: signed record delivered; waiver retraction: reasonable notification received; repudiation retraction: before next performance is due, subject to intervening conditions. |
Different actors and triggers; no universal mailing rule. |
C057–C058, C072 |
| Q044 |
CPA: discretionary increase up to three times actual damages, with the statute’s $25,000 limitation on “such increased damage award” for .020. |
No automatic trebling; no inference that all compensatory damages are capped at $25,000; precise enhancement construction held. |
C098 |
| Q045 |
Fee reciprocity: qualifying contract/lease entered after September 21, 1977; reasonable fees to statutorily defined prevailing party. |
Strict “after”; no actual fee amount, entitlement, or final judgment supplied. |
C101 |
| Q046 |
Dog/cat branches: contracts on or after July 28, 2019, and lease contracts on or after July 23, 2023, respectively. |
Distinct statutory categories/consequences; no generic goods-wide voidness. |
C102–C103 |
| Q047 |
Material enactment dates: April 29, 1983; June 11, 1992; July 1, 1994; January 1, 1996; June 11, 1998; July 26, 2009; June 7, 2012; July 1, 2013; July 24, 2015; January 1, 2024. |
Source-specific effective/application dates, not consumer deadlines. Saving clauses and expired interim text preserved. |
C106–C111; S014–S024, S027 |
| Q048 |
No authenticated universal numerical retention period, deposit cap, insurance-premium cap, late-fee repetition rule, early-purchase percentage, or general early-return refund formula from the read consumer chapters. |
Exact additional-law, agreement-category, federal-incorporation, and construction dependencies remain open. |
C018–C048; B007–B017 |
5. Conditional branches and exact remaining inquiries
Each branch identifies what the read authority supports, what is missing, and the adverse inference that must be avoided. These are research dependencies, not requests for actual records or directions for a transaction.
| Branch ID |
Missing predicate or authority |
Supported conditional consequence |
Adverse inference to avoid |
Exact next generic inquiry |
| B001 |
Whether all 63.19.010(5) elements are satisfied. |
If satisfied and not excluded, chapter 63.19 is the relevant special framework. C001–C002. |
“Rent-to-own” label establishes coverage. |
Interpret each duration, renewal, nonobligation, and ownership-option criterion from generic authority; no actual agreement review. |
| B002 |
Compliance needed for 63.19.020(1)’s exclusions. |
The exclusion is textually conditional on compliance. C003. |
Any violation automatically converts the arrangement into a loan, sale, or security interest. |
Authoritative generic construction of the compliance condition and consequences of noncompliance. |
| B003 |
Lease/security economic predicates. |
1-203 supplies the complete classification test. C011–C012. |
Every purchase option, risk-of-loss clause, or high payment total is security. |
Generic construction of nonterminability, remaining economic life, and nominal additional consideration. |
| B004 |
Short-term arrangement without ownership option, or another incomplete definition. |
It may fall outside 63.19 and 63.10 while still requiring Article 2A analysis. C001, C005, C007. |
Outside one consumer chapter means unregulated. |
Identify all independently applicable generic lease/consumer statutes for that category. |
| B005 |
Different consumer definitions and amount bases. |
Each definition must be applied independently. C005, C008. |
Transfer motor-vehicle cap exception, option-payment exclusion, or four-month rule across statutes. |
Resolve any overlap/conflict through 2A-104 and the exact consumer statute. |
| B006 |
Hybrid predominance and allocation; Washington relation; title-law branch. |
2A-102 and 1-301/2A-106 supply conditional rules. C009, C015. |
All goods-related contracts or remote activity automatically invoke all Washington lease law. |
Generic hybrid/territorial construction; separately complete title-law incorporations if indispensable. |
| B007 |
Electronic writing/delivery/consent and federal incorporation. |
UCC record/sign definitions are authenticated; consumer disclosure duties remain separate. C018–C019, C042. |
Any electronic signature or transmission satisfies every disclosure/delivery requirement. |
Complete applicable state electronic-transaction and federal electronic-consumer-delivery provisions, including exclusions. |
| B008 |
General true-lease copy, retention, and federal disclosure details. |
State .040 lists required information; .201 addresses enforceability. C016–C018, C037–C042. |
Disclosure list proves a universal copy/retention period or a fully compliant agreement. |
Current Consumer Leasing Act/Regulation M scope, delivery, retention, and disclosure rules; reconcile state cross-references. |
| B009 |
Ownership-payment allocation and early-purchase pricing method. |
Required option disclosure and statutory ownership-payment categories are established. C021, C023, C025. |
Invent a fixed buyout percentage or count all fees toward ownership. |
Generic interpretation of .040 and .060 allocation; authenticate any additional enacted pricing rule before a formula. |
| B010 |
Payment frequency less often than monthly; renewal-date meaning; counting law. |
.060 expressly supplies monthly and more-frequent branches. C028. |
Apply ten days to every schedule or assume a business-day convention. |
Generic authority addressing omitted frequency and applicable computation rules. |
| B011 |
Statutory two-thirds numerator/denominator and qualifying return. |
The <2/3 and ≥2/3 branches have different minimum periods. C029–C030. |
Treat 21/45 days as maxima or assume judicial return qualifies. |
Generic interpretation of “total of payments necessary to acquire ownership” and voluntary-return conditions. |
| B012 |
Good repair, term expiration, accrued rent, possession-law constraints. |
.040(l), .050(6), and .060 preserve distinct termination and reinstatement conditions. C026–C031. |
Return at any time erases charges, or reinstatement permits entry/repo. |
Generic construction of good repair, surrender, and lawful possession interfaces without actual enforcement facts. |
| B013 |
Exact fee type, agreement predicate, reasonableness, and other law. |
Read statutes impose disclosures and specified substantive constraints. C023, C028, C047–C048. |
Unknown numeric cap means unlimited fees; disclosure means earned charge. |
Authenticate any additional general fee/deposit/insurance rule for the precise statutory category. |
| B014 |
Residual fee exception and value terminology. |
.030’s expiration presumptions and .040’s disclosure text are authenticated. C043–C046. |
Treat “actual residual,” “realized value,” and sale price as interchangeable, or resolve the attorney-fee wording tension silently. |
Generic authoritative construction of .030(1) with .040(1)(m)–(o); no named-case inquiry performed here. |
| B015 |
Early termination versus expiration; appraisal predicate. |
Different clauses address charges, appraisal, and expiration presumptions. C039, C043–C047. |
Apply the three-payment presumption automatically to every early termination. |
Exact generic construction of each clause’s temporal scope and permitted final adjustment. |
| B016 |
Warranty coverage/disclaimer and annualized consideration. |
Article 2A and 63.18 supply separate conditions. C049–C055. |
“As is” always works, or $6,000 is a maximum lawful rent. |
Generic interaction of 63.18.010, 2A-104, 212–214, and applicable consumer warranty law. |
| B017 |
Insurance policy, maintenance allocation, casualty, effective coverage. |
2A-218–221 and consumer disclosures establish categories and conditional effects. C024, C038, C059–C061. |
All loss shifts to the lessee or every damaged item generates all remaining payments. |
Complete insurance-law and specific statutory risk-allocation interfaces; no policy investigation. |
| B018 |
Finance-lease definition and statutory acceptance. |
Washington .407 applies upon acceptance to a qualifying finance lease. C010, C062, C065. |
Import another jurisdiction’s consumer exclusion, or equate signing/receipt with acceptance. |
Generic construction of 2A-103(g), 515–517, and 407 together. |
| B019 |
Consumer-law conflict with finance independence or release. |
2A-104 preserves applicable consumer law; chapter 63.19 prohibits an agreement waiver clause. C014, C027, C058, C065. |
Every defense disappears, or every separate post-default release is necessarily invalid. |
Generic interaction of the exact consumer statute, 2A-107/407, and nonwaiver provisions. |
| B020 |
Supplier warranties, revocation ground, assignee scope. |
.209 and .516–517 preserve specified rights/conditions; .407 has its own effect. C063–C066, C069. |
Supplier breach automatically ends rent, or assignment automatically removes every defense. |
Complete the narrow assignment/defense incorporations and finance-lease revocation interaction. |
| B021 |
Notice, cure, impairment, retraction, and actual default predicates. |
The distinct statutory triggers are authenticated. C064, C067–C075. |
Thirty days is a universal cure period, or an assertion of default establishes a remedy. |
Generic construction of reasonable time, seasonableness, impairment, adequate assurance, and notice exceptions. |
| B022 |
Remedy selection, qualifying replacement lease, market evidence, saved expense, permitted agreement. |
Separate .527/.528/.529 measures apply conditionally. C077–C085. |
Use sale proceeds mechanically; add every measure; invent a zero floor or automatic surplus. |
Generic construction of election, mitigation, substitute-rent comparability, and duplicate-recovery boundaries. |
| B023 |
Lessee loss, notification, warranty, causation, preventability. |
.508 and .518–520 provide conditional recovery and deduction measures. C087–C094. |
Nonconformity proves a particular award or authorizes withholding. |
Generic construction of those exact remedies and their .407/503/504 limits. |
| B024 |
CPA injury/causation, enhancement construction, error/correction rules, forum incorporation. |
Consumer chapters establish linkage; .090/.093 add substantive predicates. C020, C097–C100. |
Any violation automatically voids the whole agreement, awards treble damages, or is excused by correction. |
Complete only the necessary CPA exceptions and generic judicial construction; federal error defenses separately. |
| B025 |
Contractual fee-clause scope and final-judgment status. |
4.84.330 supplies reciprocal reasonable-fee and nonwaiver rules. C101. |
Treat attorney fees as automatic periodic collection charges. |
Generic fee-clause scope, prevailing-party construction, and interaction with special fee provisions. |
| B026 |
Transaction-version and historical application. |
Material effective and saving clauses are authenticated. C106–C111. |
Apply 2024 wording to every earlier agreement or treat expired §901 as current. |
Complete the specific earlier version/transition branch only if a generic historical question requires it. |
| B027 |
Federal leasing, finance, military, bankruptcy, collection/reporting, and preemption scope. |
No positive federal coverage conclusion is made. |
Treat a state ceiling/disclosure as federal permission or exemption. |
Separate complete federal scope/definitions/exclusions, operative provisions, adoption/status, and state-incorporation reconciliation. |
| B028 |
Vehicle/manufactured-home/title, licensing, local/tribal/interstate, privacy/discrimination, full commercial leasing. |
Only the identified statutory boundaries are established. |
Treat this report as completing those regimes or authorizing operation. |
Separate generic investigations of the named regimes and their indispensable incorporation chains. |
6. Wholly blank conceptual worksheet
The labels below are prompts only. Every entry is blank.
| Analytical field |
Entry |
| Public-law question |
|
| Candidate statutory category |
|
| Governing definition and complete exclusions |
|
| Authority and exact subsection |
|
| Applicable version and adopted application clause |
|
| Consumer-purpose predicate |
|
| Goods/property predicate |
|
| Duration and renewal predicate |
|
| Continuing-obligation predicate |
|
| Ownership-option predicate |
|
| Lease/security distinction predicate |
|
| Writing/signature/copy requirement |
|
| Required disclosure category |
|
| Charge category and legal base |
|
| Agreement or notice prerequisite |
|
| Payment-allocation rule |
|
| Termination/reinstatement predicate |
|
| Acceptance/default/notification predicate |
|
| Remedy branch and permissible measure |
|
| Countervailing consumer-law provision |
|
| Assignee/defense/nonwaiver dependency |
|
| Counting or rounding authority |
|
| Missing generic authority |
|
| Unresolved construction |
|
| Supported conclusion |
|
7. Granular coverage and retained-scope table
“Answered” means the identified generic statutory text was authenticated. It does not mean actual application or complete judicial construction.
| Requested item |
Status |
Source / claim / branch links |
Exact remaining evidence or retained boundary |
| 1 — Separate rental-purchase act |
Answered |
S001, S015; C001–C003 |
Chapter 63.19 established from body and original. |
| 1 — Consumer purpose, actors, duration, renewal, ownership scope |
Answered—text |
C001–C008; B001, B004–B005 |
Actual classification and ambiguous overlap held. |
| 1 — True lease versus security |
Answered—complete statutory test |
S004, S021; C011–C012; B003 |
Attachment, perfection, priority, and actual enforcement excluded. |
| 1 — Credit-sale/usury interfaces |
Answered—gateway only |
S006–S007; C013; B002–B003 |
Full credit-sale/loan regimes remain separate. |
| 1 — Business/equipment and real-property distinctions |
Answered—boundary only |
C002, C006–C009, C014 |
Full commercial leasing, fixtures, mixed real-property law open. |
| 1 — Territorial and special-regime selection |
Partial |
C009, C014–C015; B006 |
Title statutes, conflicts construction, local/tribal/interstate authority. |
| 2 — Rental-purchase writing, timing, copy, placement |
Answered |
C019–C020 |
Electronic equivalence/delivery remains B007. |
| 2 — Ownership, price, payments, maintenance, return disclosures |
Answered |
C021–C026 |
No actual agreement or product assessed. |
| 2 — Prohibited provisions and waiver |
Answered—text; interaction held |
C027, C058; B019 |
Separate post-default release and assignee interactions. |
| 2 — True-lease disclosure list |
Answered—state list |
C037–C042 |
Federal equivalence and detailed delivery/retention remain open. |
| 2 — Article 2A writing/signing/enforceability |
Answered—text |
C016–C018, C057 |
Electronic consumer requirements and actual enforceability held. |
| 2 — Unconscionability and warranty limitations |
Answered—statutory standards |
C049–C056; B016 |
Full judicial construction and particular warranty regimes. |
| 3 — Rent/deposit/initial/renewal fee schedules |
Partial / no universal cap authenticated |
C023, C037–C040, C048; B013 |
Additional state/federal category-specific restrictions not presumed absent. |
| 3 — Delinquency/default/early-termination charges |
Answered—state standards |
C028, C047–C048; Q012, Q022 |
Actual amount, agreement, frequency, and reasonableness held. |
| 3 — Residual value and appraisal |
Answered with precise interaction hold |
C043–C046; B014–B015 |
Fee-exception wording and value/construction questions. |
| 3 — Damage/loss, maintenance, insurance, tax categories |
Answered—bounded |
C022, C024, C038, C040, C059–C061 |
Insurance/title/tax substantive regimes not completed. |
| 3 — Attorney fees and collection expenses |
Answered—specified sources only |
C045, C085, C098, C101 |
No automatic general collection-charge authorization. |
| 3 — Every relied numerical/symbolic relation |
Answered in register |
Q001–Q048 |
No inputs, arithmetic, valuation, or rounding supplied. |
| 4 — Payment allocation |
Partial |
C021–C025, C028–C034; B009–B011 |
No universal priority/allocation formula authenticated. |
| 4 — Renewal and termination |
Answered—text |
C001, C026, C033–C034, C076 |
Termination does not establish refund/discharge of all obligations. |
| 4 — Reinstatement and timing |
Answered with omitted-frequency/counting hold |
C028–C031; Q013–Q016; B010–B012 |
Less-than-monthly-frequency branch and general computation authority. |
| 4 — Early purchase and ownership acquisition |
Answered—required option; formula held |
C021, C025 |
No fixed statutory percentage or actual ownership outcome. |
| 4 — True-lease cure, rejection, revocation, assurance |
Answered—bounded statutory framework |
C062–C072 |
Construction, factual triggers, and special regimes remain open. |
| 5 — Possession/default interface |
Answered—conditional text |
C073–C075 |
No entry, repossession, disabling, filing, or enforcement permission. |
| 5 — Cancellation versus future obligation |
Answered |
C076, C080–C084 |
No actual debt discharge or future-rent determination. |
| 5 — Liquidated damages, restitution, mitigation |
Answered—source measures |
C077–C094; Q024–Q038 |
No stacked recovery or populated formula. |
| 5 — Assignee/holder/defenses |
Partial |
C065–C066, C095–C096; B019–B020 |
Full Article 9 assignment-defense and federal Holder Rule interfaces. |
| 5 — Knowledge/error/correction/burden |
Answered where stated; otherwise held |
C020, C064, C068–C072, C098, C105 |
No general error/correction immunity authenticated. |
| 5 — CPA and narrow statutory recovery |
Answered—incorporation and text |
C097–C103 |
Full CPA construction, exemptions, public remedies, and federal measures excluded. |
| 5 — Limitations/accrual |
Deliberately excluded |
No affirmative limitation claim |
Incidental adjacent historical text was not used to reopen P3. |
| 6 — Federal CLA/Regulation M/TILA and related regimes |
Open |
C042; B007–B008, B027 |
Complete operative federal scope, exclusions, current regulations, and application/status required. |
| 6 — Vehicles/manufactured homes/title/insurance/licensing |
Open except stated boundaries |
B016–B017, B028 |
No license, title, vehicle, policy, or provider lookup. |
| 6 — Commercial leasing/security perfection/priority |
Open except indispensable clauses |
C007–C014, C095; B028 |
No full commercial Article 2A or Article 9 report. |
| 6 — Privacy/disability/discrimination/local/tribal/interstate |
Open |
B028 |
Separate complete generic statutory/regulatory inquiries. |
| 6 — Judicial construction and actual application |
Held |
All branches |
No cases, opinions, dockets, parties, or actual records investigated. |
| 7 — Primary texts and adopted originals |
Answered to registered read bounds |
S001–S028 |
Older technical amendments and selected historical branches not all reconstructed. |
| 7 — Current/future/proposed/expired distinction |
Answered—bounded |
C106–C112; S022–S023, S029–S031 |
Metadata cannot prove absence of every later change. |
| 7 — Rules and official instructions |
Partial |
Search log below |
No indispensable implementing WAC or generic instruction authenticated; absence not inferred. |
| 7 — Fresh failures and alternative routes |
Answered |
Failure log F001–F002 |
Both exact statutory-text gaps recovered through different official chapter routes. |
| Registry dimension 6 and all-state acceptance |
Not established |
Scope boundary |
This completes only the stated PASS-12 research component and its explicit holds. |
| Earlier P1–P11 findings/provenance/holds |
Preserved |
Supplied scope context only |
No repair, acceptance, import, or substantive reuse asserted. |
8. Read, search, discovery, and failure log
8.1 Document reading log
The source register gives the complete document-by-document read bounds. Successful continuations of the same page are consolidated below; they are not counted as new sources.
| Log item |
Reading performed |
Result / limitation |
| R001 |
Current full chapter 63.19, every operative section and .900; individual .060 continuation. |
Complete central rental-purchase text, including exclusions, charge categories, option, termination, reinstatement, receipts, renegotiation, advertising, sanitation, CPA link. |
| R002 |
Current chapter 63.10; individual .030/.040/.050/.070/.080 continuations. |
Complete central consumer-lease text. Residual fee-wording interaction preserved. |
| R003 |
Current chapter 63.18 and its 1974 original. |
Warranty-disclaimer boundary authenticated; original effective-date gap retained. |
| R004 |
Current 1-203; relevant current 1-201 definitions; 63.14.010(11)–(12); 19.52.010(3). |
Fresh lease/security/sale/usury interface; no P10/P11 merits reused. |
| R005 |
Article 2A scope, definitions, other-law, consumer law/forum, writing, waiver, modification, and unconscionability sections listed in S005. |
Washington-specific finance definition and .407 wording verified. |
| R006 |
Article 2A warranties, insurance, risk, casualty, acceptance, rejection, cure, revocation, and notice sections listed in S005. |
Complete material subsections read; no actual warranty, delivery, or default evaluated. |
| R007 |
Article 2A default/remedy sections listed in S005, including complete .504, .518–520, .523, .525–530. |
Formula identity and reference events checked; no Article 9 proceeds formula imported. |
| R008 |
Current 2A-303 and 9A-407; current incorporated receipt/merchant/consumer-goods definitions. |
Narrow transfer and definition incorporations read; broader assignment/perfection/priority held. |
| R009 |
Current 1-202, 1-205, 1-301, 1-302, 1-304, 1-305, 1-309. |
Notice, reasonable-time, territorial, good-faith, remedy, and insecurity standards authenticated. |
| R010 |
Current CPA .020/.090/.093, original 2009 c 371; current 4.84.330 and original 1977 chapter. |
Narrow remedy/fee framework read; no full CPA, ordinary procedure, or limitation investigation. |
| R011 |
1983, 1992, 1995, 1998 originals to S015–S018 bounds. |
Original frameworks, material motor-vehicle changes, and operative dates verified. |
| R012 |
1993 UCC original and 62A.11-110. |
Original Washington finance-lease/unconscionability wording and July 1, 1994 effective date verified. |
| R013 |
2012 c 214, 2012 c 117, 2015 c 107, 2023 c 266 to registered bounds. |
Application/savings, expired interim text, modern record/signature changes, and selected remedy amendments checked. |
| R014 |
2019/2023 dog-cat lease provisions and relevant originals. |
Narrow category exception and express consequences authenticated. |
| R015 |
2025/2026 sections-affected reports, targeted terms and relevant neighborhoods. |
Metadata check only; not complete statutory corroboration. |
| R016 |
SB 5993 official bill-history body after discovery. |
Proposed/discovery status distinguished from enacted law; medical-debt merits not used. |
| R017 |
RCW 62A.11-111 was opened during attorney-fee discovery. |
Its text refers to 1993 c 229, a different act. It was not used as an Article 2A fee rule. |
| R018 |
Adjacent sections in chapter/original presentations, including limited older limitation and commercial provisions. |
Incidental display/read is not claimed as a completed subject investigation; no limitation/accrual proposition derived. |
8.2 Public search log
All queries were generic statutory/rule/enactment discovery queries. No provider, party, contract, case, opinion, docket, or actual transaction was queried.
| Search group |
Exact query or bounded in-document search |
Use |
| D001 |
site:app.leg.wa.gov/RCW "63.10" "consumer leases" |
Discovery of official consumer-lease body; then actual text read. |
| D002 |
site:app.leg.wa.gov/RCW "63.19" "lease-purchase" |
Discovery of official rental-purchase body; then actual text read. |
| D003 |
site:app.leg.wa.gov/RCW "62A.2A" "consumer lease" |
Discovery of Article 2A; section bodies read separately. |
| D004 |
site:app.leg.wa.gov/WAC "63.19"; site:app.leg.wa.gov/WAC "63.10"; site:app.leg.wa.gov/WAC "lease-purchase" |
No indispensable implementing WAC authenticated from results. This is not a finding that none exists. |
| D005 |
site:leg.wa.gov "1993" "230" "lease" "407"; site:lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov "1993 c 230" |
Located official 1993 adopted text; old archive discovery result not substituted for current law. |
| D006 |
site:app.leg.wa.gov/WAC "63.19"; site:app.leg.wa.gov/WAC "consumer leases" "63.10" with recency filter |
Additional rule discovery check, not a repeated failed URL route. No operative rule authenticated. |
| D007 |
site:lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2025-26 "lease-purchase" "63.19"; site:lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2025-26 "consumer leases" "63.10" |
Recent-law discovery. SB 5993 surfaced because it reproduced a lease-exclusion clause. |
| D008 |
site:app.leg.wa.gov "5993" "2026" interest; site:lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2025-26 "5993" "EFFECTIVE DATE" |
Followed to official bill history only; proposed medical provisions not used. |
| D009 |
Within 1993 original: 2A-103, 2A-407, 2A-605. |
Located exact adopted clauses, followed by body reads. |
| D010 |
Within 2023 original: Sec. 301., Sec. 308., Sec. 1101., Sec. 1204., "Conspicuous", "Sign". |
Located and read material amendments and application/effective clauses. |
| D011 |
Within 2012 originals: Sec. 165., Sec. 901., Sec. 903., Sec. 908., Sec. 1803.. |
Located and completed relevant section reads and final transition clauses. |
| D012 |
Within current statutes: "Consumer goods", RCW 62A.1-205, "Conspicuous", "Record", "Sign", 2023 c 266. |
Completed definitions, source credits, notes, and the alternate-route reasonable-time read. |
| D013 |
Within each sections-affected report: 62A. and 63.. |
No 62A. match; relevant Title 63 neighborhoods examined. Bounded metadata result only. |
| D014 |
Official chapter/title indexes, 2025 archive and combined-title PDF results. |
Discovery only unless specifically entered in S001–S031. No secondary reproduction used as controlling law. |
8.3 Fresh failed routes and recovery
Some multi-document outputs were truncated or initially displayed navigation rather than the operative passage. Successful page continuations supplied the relied-on missing passages. Those display/output limitations were not classified as website access failures, and incomplete excerpts were not treated as complete reads.
9. Researcher self-check — not independent review
| Check |
Result |
| New substantive foundation |
PASS-12 uses newly read primary texts. Earlier report metadata was used only to preserve the requested scope boundary. |
| Separate Washington definitions |
Chapter 63.19, chapter 63.10, Article 2A consumer lease, finance lease, and lease/security criteria were kept distinct. |
| Washington-specific wording |
The finance-lease consumer issue and two-subsection unconscionability text were checked against current Washington law and the 1993 adopted original. |
| Complete material clauses |
Complete relied-on current sections/subsections and exceptions are identified in S001–S014; selected adopted-original bounds are stated separately. No whole-title or whole-Article 2A read is claimed. |
| Fees and formulas |
Disclosure was not equated with authorization. The 3-payment presumption, 20%/$500 restitution relation, and separate lease-damages measures were not transferred across regimes. |
| Known tension preserved |
The .030/.040 residual attorney-fee exception wording remains held; it was not silently harmonized. |
| Dates and versions |
Effective dates, application clauses, the expired 2012 interim section, and the 2023 changes were separated. Report/page dates were not treated as clause effective dates. |
| Currentness limits |
Live official bodies and targeted 2025/2026 metadata were checked. No claim is made that failed discovery proves no further protection, no uncodified change, or no judicial development. |
| Federal boundary |
Federal references in state statutes were recorded without claiming completed federal scope, compliance, remedy, or exemption findings. |
| No actual application |
No actual or invented agreement, goods, financial input, calendar, actor, transaction, or legal outcome was constructed or evaluated. |
| Worksheet |
Entirely blank entry fields; no financial or legal conclusion supplied. |
| Judicial construction |
No case/opinion/docket investigation. Construction-dependent branches remain explicit. |
| Review and acceptance |
This is a researcher self-check, not independent review. No Washington, registry dimension 6, A066, parent, operational, or publication acceptance follows. |
Retained continuation boundary: This component’s authenticated statutory findings are complete to the recorded read bounds. The exact unresolved branches are B001–B028, particularly federal leasing incorporation, electronic consumer delivery, payment allocation and omitted reinstatement-frequency/counting questions, residual attorney-fee wording, finance-lease consumer/remedy interactions, assignee defenses, historical transition application, and the expressly excluded special regimes. All other Washington categories remain open as previously scoped.
END S_WA PASS-12.