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CZA South Africa

C_ZA · pass-20Captured 2026-10-2716 tables · 20 claim records · 17 source recordsScoped coordinator review completed

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SettleADebt C_ZA PASS-20 — South Africa

Section 9 qualifying-claim thresholds and monetary continuity

Disposition: partly resolved. P20 found a statutory monetary-conversion provision, which materially improves P18’s reliance on a historical central-bank explanation. It also found a final High Court judgment expressly stating both R100 and aggregate R200. However, that judgment applied the single-creditor limb, not a genuinely joint-creditor threshold dispute. A complete current-primary verification of §9(1)–(2) and the joint-threshold amendment chain through October 2026 remains unclosed.

Fresh access: 27 October 2026 UTC and America/Los_Angeles. Individual source-opening times were not logged and are unknown.

P18’s raw findings and access history remain preserved. This is not a finding that R200 is wrong. It is a correction to the strength and completeness of its evidential certification. P19 is not adopted as a premise.

1. Findings

1.1 Single-creditor R100: fresh primary judicial confirmation

The official SCA judgment in Osborne v Cockin NO and Others [2018] ZASCA 58, paragraph 20, expressly identifies a creditor holding a liquidated claim of not less than R100. This supports equality at R100, not a requirement to exceed R100. It does not state the joint-creditor amount. C_ZA-P20-C001–C002.

Direct primary URL:

https://www.supremecourtofappeal.org.za/index.php/component/jdownloads/send/3-judgments-2018/284-osborne-v-cockin-no-others-549-2017-2018-zasca-58-17-may-2018?Itemid=0

Pinpoint: paragraph 20, zero-based PDF P6 / printed page 7. Supreme Court of Appeal

The same judgment preserves the distinction between an asserted amount and an established qualifying claim. The majority rejected the claim on the evidence and addressed its unliquidated character; the concurrence agreed with dismissal but disagreed with that particular liquidation analysis. P20 does not convert the concurrence into the majority holding. C003. Supreme Court of Appeal+2

1.2 Statutory conversion rule found—not merely historical commentary

The SARB-hosted text of the South African Reserve Bank Act 90 of 1989 contains:

§18: a construction rule covering monetary references in laws and other instruments, using the equivalents in §15(2);
§15(2): the pound/sovereign equivalent of two rand.

That is legislative text, not merely an educational statement about decimalisation. C004–C006.

Full URL:

https://www.resbank.co.za/content/dam/sarb/what-we-do/banknotes-and-coin/SA%20Reserve%20Bank%20Act%2090%20of%201989.pdf

Pinpoints: §15(2), zero P11; §18, zero P12. Printed labels were not established. South African Reserve Bank

Applied conditionally to the retained historical §9 figures:

£50 × R2 per £1 = R100

£100 × R2 per £1 = R200

This is a denomination-construction calculation, not current GBP/ZAR conversion, inflation indexation or a new threshold amendment.

Commencement and edition limit

The compilation records commencement on 1 August 1989, but §41 itself requires proclamation. The underlying commencement proclamation was not obtained. Its amendment list ends with Act 12 of 2003, so this PDF is not a certified 2026 consolidation. Sections 40–41 were read; their repeal/savings provisions do not establish that Insolvency Act §9 remained unchanged indefinitely. C007–C008. South African Reserve Bank

1.3 Joint R200: judicial corroboration, but not the requested controlling application

A final KwaZulu-Natal High Court judgment, Kurz NO and Another v van den Berg, delivered 17 July 2013, states in paragraph 6(a) that two or more creditors may have aggregate liquidated claims of not less than R200. C013.

Published final-judgment PDF:

https://semantis.ai/resources/35235.pdf

Pinpoint: paragraph 6(a), zero P1; printed page label not displayed in the inspected image. Semantis

Important limit: Paragraphs 7 and 10 show that the two applicants acted as trustees for one trust creditor. The court applied the R100 limb. Two representatives were not two distinct creditors. The R200 passage is therefore a judicial statement of the alternative rule, not a holding that adjudicated the aggregate threshold between separate petitioning creditors. The PDF is on a non-official host; no full later citator was performed. Semantis+1

A 2026 High Court result containing threshold language surfaced in search, but its body returned an access failure. It supplies no fresh merits or currentness finding. C014.

1.4 Exact §9(1)–(2) structure recovered only from a secondary reproduction

The freshly opened Acts Online reproduction retains the historical pound amounts and gives this structure:

Provision	Faithful content of the reproduced text	P20 evidence status
§9(1), single creditor	A creditor, or the creditor’s agent, has a liquidated claim of at least £50 against the debtor.	Single rand amount independently confirmed by Osborne.
§9(1), grouped creditors	Two or more creditors, or their agent, have liquidated claims aggregating at least £100 against the same debtor.	Reproduced statutory text, statutory conversion support and judicial restatement; complete current-primary chain still held.
§9(1), remaining conditions	The debtor has committed an act of insolvency or is insolvent; the creditor may petition.	Preserved P18 conditions, not rerun.
§9(2)	A liquidated claim that has accrued but is not yet due at the hearing date counts for §9(1).	Fresh secondary text read; fresh current-primary subsection body remains missing.

URL:

https://www.acts.co.za/insolvency-act-1936/9__petition_for_sequestration_of_estate

Pinpoints: HTML §9(1)–(2), lines 9–10; no PDF pagination. C009–C012. Acts Online

The hearing-date qualification must not be replaced by “every debt must already be payable when the application is filed.” Equally, an unaccrued contingency or unquantified allegation is not made qualifying merely by calling it a future claim. This remains a conditional application of the text, not an actual claim determination.

1.5 Result of the currentness inquiry

Question	P20 result
Does a primary SCA body confirm single R100?	Yes.
Was an enacted monetary-construction rule found?	Yes, in a dated SARB-hosted legislative compilation.
Does a final judgment expressly mention joint R200?	Yes, but not as a dispositive joint-creditor threshold holding.
Was a current official §9(1)–(2) consolidation successfully opened?	No.
Was the complete conversion/commencement and later-amendment chain verified through October 2026?	No.
Is there evidence here that R200 was changed?	No such instrument was established—but that is not proof of absence.

Thus, P18’s single-threshold baseline is retained; its joint-threshold coverage should be labelled partial, with the improved sources and remaining gap stated expressly. C014, C018.

2. Exact P18 replacements and crosswalk

Only the following threshold-related cells and qualifications change.

P18 location	Previous position	P20 replacement/disposition
C_ZA-P18-C004	R100 single/R200 aggregate presented together as an established baseline, supported by §9 reproduction, Osborne and historical conversion.	Replace with the full cell below.
P18 G1-05 — Single threshold	“Answered as established baseline — C004”; qualifying claim remains.	Retain the baseline, identify Osborne as the primary support and preserve currentness/private-claim limits.
P18 G1-06 — Joint threshold	“Answered as established baseline — C004”; same debtor and each claim.	Change to partial current-primary confirmation.
P18 threshold narrative	Both amounts appeared equally verified.	State that their evidence strength differs as explained in §1.5 above.
P18 Example A	Aggregate arithmetic was correct but could be read as proving standing.	Retain all amounts; add the conditional and separate-individual-route qualifications below.
P18 source history	Historical SARB explanation and §9 read-aid were part of the original evidence.	Preserve those rows unchanged. Add P20 sources; do not describe them as having been read in P18.

Replacement for C_ZA-P18-C004

C_ZA-P18-C004 — revised evidence qualification: The single-creditor R100 baseline is expressly confirmed by Osborne paragraph 20. The joint aggregate R200 proposition is supported by the reproduced §9(1) wording, the statutory conversion provision newly located in P20, and a High Court restatement, but P20 did not establish a complete current-primary amendment chain or a controlling decision actually applying the joint-creditor limb. The grouped route requires qualifying claims against the same debtor; numerical sufficiency alone does not establish standing or entitlement to sequestration. Support: C_ZA-P20-S001–S004; C_ZA-P20-C001–C014. Hold: Current-primary joint threshold, exact claim facts and full later citator remain open.

Replacement coverage cells

Row	Issue	Replacement status/finding	Exact remaining fact or action
C_ZA-P18-G1-05	Single threshold	Answered as a judicially confirmed baseline, with currentness limits. Osborne para20 confirms at least R100. P20 C001–C003.	Establish the actual qualifying claim and complete any necessary current-law check.
C_ZA-P18-G1-06	Joint threshold	Partial. R200 has strengthened statutory-conversion and judicial-restatement support, but the requested complete current-primary joint chain remains unclosed. P20 C004–C014.	Obtain current official §9(1)–(2), the material monetary commencement/amendment chain, or a controlling final judgment actually deciding the joint limb.

P18 C005 is not rewritten. Its accrued-but-not-yet-due proposition is preserved, while P20 records that the fresh subsection read was a secondary reproduction, not a new official current consolidation.

3. Six-plus fictional qualifying-claim postures

All cases below are invented. They test only claim grouping and amount—not actual sequestration eligibility.

No.	Assumed posture	Conditional classification	Adverse branch / missing proof	Claims
1	One creditor holds a fixed, admitted R100 debt.	Equality meets the single-amount baseline.	The claimant must still own the debt; the other sequestration predicates remain separate.	C001,C015
2	One creditor holds R99.99 and appoints two agents.	Two agents do not turn one creditor into two creditors or increase its claim.	Authority and ownership must be proved; no qualifying additional creditor is assumed.	C009–C010,C015
3	Two distinct creditors hold R60 and R140 against the same debtor.	On the retained joint rule, aggregate R200 reaches the amount boundary.	Each claim must qualify. The R140 creditor independently meets the single amount, but that is a distinct posture.	C010,C012,C015–C016
4	Two distinct creditors hold R60 and R139.99 against the same debtor.	Aggregate R199.99 falls below the joint model.	This does not mean neither could ever petition: the R139.99 creditor separately meets the R100 amount baseline.	C012,C015–C016
5	R120 is owed by Debtor A; R100 is owed by Debtor B.	Adding them produces R220 arithmetically, but not qualifying aggregate claims against one debtor.	Separate debtor identity and any joint-liability theory require actual evidence and law.	C009–C010,C015
6	Two trustees represent one trust creditor owed R500.	Representative headcount is not creditor headcount. The assumed claim is assessed as that creditor’s claim.	The nature of the estate/entity and authority are not decided; Kurz illustrates why two named applicants can represent one creditor.	C010,C013
7	A fixed R150 claim has accrued, but its contractual payment date is after the petition hearing.	The reproduced §9(2) includes that posture if it is truly accrued and liquidated.	A contingent claim dependent on an unfulfilled condition is not assumed accrued. Fresh current-primary §9(2) verification remains held.	C011,C014
8	An applicant alleges R10,000 damages, or a fixed invoice that the respondent genuinely disputes.	A large number does not establish a liquidated, legally owed claim.	The court must address the claim’s legal/evidential quality; the majority/concurrence distinction in Osborne is preserved.	C003,C015

4. Two conditional threshold models

The numerical values below are retained from the already-checked P18 arithmetic. No estate-value, dividend or cost model is rerun.

Model A — single-creditor boundary

Assumptions: One actual creditor; claim ownership and liquidation stipulated solely for the model.

Amount	Comparison	Amount-only result
R99.99	R99.99 < R100	Below baseline
R100.00	R100.00 = R100	Equality reaches baseline

No rounding or inflation allowance is added. Passing the amount limb does not prove a valid claim, insolvency, advantage, jurisdiction or procedural compliance. C001, C015, C017.

Model B — grouped boundary and separate single-creditor possibility

Assumptions: Two distinct creditors; both claims against the same debtor; both qualifying; R200 rule retained subject to the current-primary hold.

Claims	Aggregate	Joint amount-only result
R60 + R140	R200	Reaches conditional joint boundary
R60 + R139.99	R199.99	Falls short

The second row does not erase the possible individual amount posture of the R139.99 creditor. It says only that the stipulated pair fails the conditional R200 aggregate test. C012, C015–C016.

These are not recommendations to file or to restructure ownership of claims.

5. Full P20 source register

All fresh accesses: 27 October 2026 UTC/Pacific. Exact opening clocks unknown. “P” is zero-based PDF index. Failed sources have no body/page evidence.

Source ID	Issuer/title and complete literal HTTPS URL	Body/read status and pinpoint	Edition, commencement and limits
C_ZA-P20-S001	SCA, Osborne v Cockin NO and Others [2018] ZASCA58, 17 May 2018. https://www.supremecourtofappeal.org.za/index.php/component/jdownloads/send/3-judgments-2018/284-osborne-v-cockin-no-others-549-2017-2018-zasca-58-17-may-2018?Itemid=0	Fresh final judgment/body and images. Para20 P6/printed7; paras22–29 P6–P8/printed7–9.	Confirms R100 only. Majority and concurrence distinguished. No full later citator.
S002	SARB-hosted South African Reserve Bank Act 90 of 1989, dated compilation. https://www.resbank.co.za/content/dam/sarb/what-we-do/banknotes-and-coin/SA%20Reserve%20Bank%20Act%2090%20of%201989.pdf	Fresh body: §§14–18 P10–P12; §§40–41 P20–P21; Schedule3 P24. §18 and §40 images inspected; §15 table screenshot failed, parsed text read. Printed labels unverified.	Header lists amendments through 2003 and commencement 1 Aug1989. §41 requires proclamation; proclamation not obtained. Not a complete 2026 consolidation.
S003	KwaZulu-Natal High Court, Kurz NO and Another v van den Berg, 17 July 2013, public mirror. https://semantis.ai/resources/35235.pdf	Fresh final-opinion body/images: para6(a) P1; paras7–10 P2. Printed labels not displayed.	States both figures but applies R100 to one creditor represented by trustees. Not a joint-limb ratio; non-official hosting.
S004	Acts Online, Insolvency Act §9 reproduction. https://www.acts.co.za/insolvency-act-1936/9__petition_for_sequestration_of_estate	Fresh secondary body: §9(1)–(2), HTML lines9–10.	Exact grouping/accrual wording recovered, but not current primary certification. P18’s earlier read remains separate.
S005	Government Gazette, original SARB Act90/1989 candidate. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201503/act-90-1989.pdf	Failed body fetch.	Original enactment pages not read; S002 was the successful different official-hosted route.
S006	gov.za, SARB Act90/1989 legislative record. https://www.gov.za/documents/south-african-reserve-bank-act-24-mar-2015-1516	Search metadata; direct body timed out.	No commencement or amendment-body claim derived from the failed page.
S007	gov.za, SARB Amendment Act4/2010 record. https://www.gov.za/documents/south-african-reserve-bank-amendment-act-3	Discovery metadata; direct body timed out.	Later amendment candidate, not read operative clauses.
S008	gov.za, SARB Amendment Act commencement record. https://www.gov.za/documents/south-african-reserve-bank-amendment-act-commencement	Discovery metadata; direct body timed out.	No proclamation content or effective date adopted.
S009	SARB, Core legislation page. https://www.resbank.co.za/en/home/about-us/SARB-core-legislation	Fresh HTML index, lines173–188. Act link140 failed on following it; exact final target was not recovered.	Current listing is not a read current consolidation.
S010	Gazette6255/Decimal Coinage Act61/1959 candidate hosted by Legal Assistance Centre. https://www.lac.org.na/laws/GGsa/sagg6255.pdf	Metadata plus failed PDF fetch.	Historical South African Gazette candidate, not adopted as Namibian law or as a read conversion/commencement clause.
S011	National Archives catalogue entry for Decimal Coinage Act61/1959. https://www.nationalarchives.gov.za/node/7362521	Search metadata; direct fetch failed.	Catalogue identity only; no legislative body.
S012	LawOnline, Act61/1959 page. https://lawonline.co.za/act/no-61-of-1959/	Failed secondary alternate, HTTP429.	No text or commencement conclusion.
S013	Western Cape Numismatic Society, Gazette library. https://www.wcnumsoc.com/new-library	Fresh HTML discovery index. Link to 6July1959 Act61/1959 failed; no scan obtained.	Collector-hosted index, not operative authority.
S014	LawLibrary, original Insolvency Act static publication candidate. https://media.lawlibrary.org.za/media/legislation/291667/source_file/3adfa89a7c8d23a7/1936-24.pdf	New published alternate; HTTP403.	No fresh original §9 body. Not an unchanged retry of the prior consolidation paths.
S015	South African Law Commission, Report: Review of the Law of Insolvency, April2000. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/reviewlawinsolvency0.pdf	Official report candidate; body timed out.	Even if obtained, a law-reform report would not itself enact a current threshold.
S016	High Court final-judgment candidate, [2026] ZAFSHC284, 15May2026. https://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAFSHC/2026/284.html	Threshold wording in search result; direct body HTTP403.	No merits, posture, joint application or currentness finding adopted.
S017	Acts Online, SARB Act amendment inventory. https://www.acts.co.za/south_african_reserve_bank_act_1989_act_no_90_of_1989_	Discovery/index result only.	Flags later amendment families; no final clauses or complete chain read.

Source-status accounting

The successful primary-content reads are S001–S003: official SCA judgment, official-hosted statutory compilation and a final judicial opinion on a public mirror. S004 is secondary text. S009 and S013 are discovery pages. The other rows preserve failed or unread material candidates. None is promoted into an operative rule through its filename, year or search snippet.

6. New atomic claim register

All claims are bounded South African threshold findings; A066/A097/A098 remain held.

Claim ID	Exact proposition / actor / predicate / effect	Source and pinpoint	Remaining hold
C_ZA-P20-C001	Single creditor: at least R100 is expressly stated in Osborne.	S001 para20, P6/printed7	Actual claim and later-law application
C002	That paragraph does not confirm the joint amount.	S001 para20	Joint-primary gap separate
C003	Fixed amount, liquidation and genuinely owed liability are distinct; the concurrence does not replace the majority.	S001 paras20–29	Actual claim evidence
C004	A statutory monetary-reference construction provision was found.	S002 §18, P12	Dated compilation
C005	Its referenced table supplies the £1/R2 equivalence.	S002 §15(2), P11	Table parsed; image unavailable
C006	Applied to retained £50/£100 premises, the conversion produces R100/R200.	S002 §§15(2),18; S004	Conditional on operative underlying text
C007	Header commencement is not a freshly read proclamation; compilation stops at listed2003 amendments.	S002 P0, §41 P21	Commencement/later chain incomplete
C008	Conversion does not by itself prove §9’s amounts remained unchanged through2026.	S002–S008 source limits	Current-primary chain held
C009	Reproduced §9(1) separates one creditor from two or more and includes agents.	S004 §9(1)	Secondary text only
C010	Grouped claims concern the same debtor; representative headcount is not creditor headcount.	S004; S003 paras7,10	Actual ownership/authority
C011	Reproduced §9(2) includes accrued liquidated claims not yet due at hearing.	S004 §9(2)	Fresh primary subsection missing
C012	The joint text tests aggregate claims; it does not say each creditor must hold R100.	S004 §9(1)	Conditional currentness status
C013	Kurz states R200 alternatively but applies the single-creditor limb.	S003 paras6(a),7,10	Not controlling joint-limb determination
C014	No complete current-primary §9(1)–(2) or dispositive joint-threshold authority was obtained.	Search/read audit; S014–S016	Not proof none exists
C015	Amount arithmetic does not establish valid creditor standing or other sequestration predicates.	S001; conditional models	No actual outcome
C016	A failed aggregate model can coexist with one member meeting the single amount.	Stipulated model + C001,C012	Separate proceeding/standing not advised
C017	Models use rand amounts without CPI, present GBP exchange or rounding uplift.	Model assumptions; C006	No new monetary adjustment
C018	P18 C004/G1-05/G1-06 receive a source-strength overlay, not a contrary-amount finding.	Replacement cells	Original history preserved
C019	No actual party, claim file, account, licence or docket was investigated.	Research-method fact	Public legal material only
C020	§149, Rule6, local, private-claim, citator and acceptance holds remain.	Scope	P19 not adopted

7. Granular coverage register

Threshold, wording and monetary chain — 18 rows

Row	Subquestion	Status / claims	Missing body or exact next action
G1-01	Single R100	Answered as primary judicial baseline — C001	Actual qualifying claim
G1-02	Equality at R100	Answered at baseline — C001	No “more than” substitution
G1-03	Joint R200	Partial — C006,C013–C014	Current primary §9 or controlling joint application
G1-04	Equality at R200	Conditional — C012	Same joint-currentness hold
G1-05	Two or more creditors	Secondary wording recovered — C009	Current primary body
G1-06	Same debtor	Conditional textual finding — C010	Actual debtor identity/liability
G1-07	Agent versus creditor	Conditional — C009–C010	Mandate and claim ownership
G1-08	Aggregate versus per-creditor amount	Conditional — C012	Current primary confirmation
G1-09	Liquidated claim	Primary qualification retained — C003	Agreement/judgment/quantification
G1-10	Accrued but not due	Partial-source status — C011	Official §9(2) or primary quotation
G1-11	Hearing-date reference	Secondary wording recovered — C011	Actual hearing and accrual facts
G1-12	Unaccrued contingency	Not automatically included — C011,C015	Contractual event/legal accrual
G1-13	Statutory conversion provision	Body located — C004–C006	Full currentness chain
G1-14	£50/£100 premises	Retained text, not newly original-Gazette certified — C009	Original/current official §9
G1-15	Commencement proclamation	Unresolved — C007	Actual proclamation body
G1-16	Savings/transitions	Partially read — C007–C008	Complete 1959/1964/1989 continuity if required
G1-17	Later amendments	Unresolved — C008,C014	Material final bodies and effective clauses
G1-18	Judicial hierarchy	Answered as evidence distinction — C002–C003,C013	Full later citator remains

Fictional postures — 8 rows

Row	Posture	Status / claims	Missing fact
G2-01	One creditor R100	Conditional amount result — C001,C015	Valid claim/other gates
G2-02	One creditor, two agents	Conditional distinction — C009–C010	Authority/ownership
G2-03	R60 + R140	Conditional joint model — C012,C016	Two qualifying claims/same debtor
G2-04	R60 + R139.99	Aggregate fails; individual amount separate — C016	Actual filing posture
G2-05	Different debtors	No aggregate model established — C010	Joint-liability basis, if alleged
G2-06	Two trustees/one creditor	Representative count distinction — C013	Actual estate/entity role
G2-07	Accrued/not yet due	Conditional inclusion — C011	Accrual and hearing facts
G2-08	Disputed/unliquidated	Amount insufficient — C003,C015	Merits evidence

Reconciliation and safeguards — 4 rows

Row	Matter	Status / claims	Next action
G3-01	P18 C004	Revised evidence qualification — C018	Coordinator review of overlay
G3-02	P18 G1-05/G1-06	Single retained; joint partial — C018	Close exact primary gap
G3-03	Existing arithmetic	Preserved with standing caveat — C015–C017	No financial-model rerun
G3-04	P19/private records/acceptance	Not adopted; no actual action — C019–C020	Holds below

Core coverage count: 30 rows.

8. Retained holds

Row	Held family	P20 disposition
H01	Current official §9(1)–(2)	Exact complete primary chain unresolved
H02	Original decimalisation commencement	1959 Act/proclamation body not obtained
H03	Current §§15/18 monetary-law chain	Dated statutory body found; later amendments not exhaustively checked
H04	Actual debt ownership, accrual, amount and liquidation	Unknown; no records searched
H05	Agency/representation authority	No actual mandate assessed
H06	Genuine dispute and private contractual defences	Case-specific; not adjudicated
H07	§149 jurisdiction	Existing hold preserved
H08	Rule6, Master and service procedure	Existing hold preserved; P19 not adopted
H09	Insolvency, advantage, valuation and security	P18 scope retained; not rerun
H10	Full current judicial citator	Not performed
H11	Foreign law/currency/jurisdiction	No foreign law adopted; no live FX conversion
H12	Parent/country/A066/A097/A098 acceptance	Held

Nine provincial/local holds

Province	Status	Next local question
Eastern Cape	Unexamined locally	Applicable division, current practice direction and filing/service requirements
Free State	Unexamined locally	Same; a failed 2026 opinion fetch does not establish local procedure
Gauteng	Unexamined locally	Applicable seat, current electronic filing and procedural directions
KwaZulu-Natal	Not generally examined	Kurz is narrow published authority, not certification of all current local practice
Limpopo	Unexamined locally	Division/seat and current procedural requirements
Mpumalanga	Unexamined locally	Division/seat and current procedural requirements
Northern Cape	Unexamined locally	Division/seat and current procedural requirements
North West	Unexamined locally	Division/seat and current procedural requirements
Western Cape	Unexamined locally	Division/seat and current procedural requirements

9. Search/read audit

The new research stayed with the threshold, statutory currency bridge, accrual wording and necessary claim qualification.

Search family	Representative actual queries/routes	Result
Primary §9 wording	"Insolvency Act" "liquidated claim which has accrued"; "Insolvency Act" "one hundred pounds"	Fresh secondary §9 text; no successful current official whole body
Joint judicial amount	"R200" "section 9(1)" site:supremecourtofappeal.org.za; "R200" "sequestration" site:judiciary.org.za	Kurz alternative statement; no controlling joint-limb application established
Accrued/not-yet-due	"Insolvency Act" "not yet due" in official court domains	No fresh final primary authority closing §9(2) gap
Decimalisation	Decimal Coinage Act61/1959 and Gazette6255 routes	Catalogue/index discovery; bodies failed
Statutory monetary construction	SARB Act90/1989 §§15,18,40–41	Successful official-hosted legislative text
Later monetary amendments	gov.za SARB Act and Act4/2010/commencement routes	Metadata surfaced; body fetches failed
New original-law alternate	LawLibrary static publication PDF	Failed; not an unchanged retry of previously failed consolidations
Recent judgment candidate	[2026] ZAFSHC284	Snippet only; body failed; no legal finding adopted

Foreign-jurisdiction statutes, study notes, practice blogs and private submissions that surfaced were not used to supply South African law. No historical pound value was inflated or translated using a current exchange rate.

Evidence-backed next product

A narrow claim-threshold verification card could display separate fields for creditor count, legal creditor versus representative, same debtor, claim ownership, liquidation, accrual, hearing-date maturity and the source/version supporting the amount. Its joint-threshold field must remain marked “current-primary chain incomplete” until the missing source is obtained. No tool was built or published.

10. Counts and final disposition

Deliverable	Actual displayed count
P20 source-register rows	17
New atomic claims	20
Core coverage rows	30
Separate general holds	12
Provincial/local rows	9
Total coverage/hold rows	51
Fictional qualifying-claim postures	8
Conditional threshold models	2
Statutory-conversion illustration	1, containing two equations
P18 replacement/crosswalk rows	6
New actual claim, filing or sequestration outcomes	0

Self-check: Single R100 is not used to prove joint R200. A statutory conversion provision is now identified, but its dated compilation is not called a complete 2026 chain. The High Court R200 statement is not misdescribed as a joint-creditor ratio. Two representatives are not automatically two creditors. An accrued claim is not equated with an unaccrued contingency. The hearing-date qualification is retained. Threshold arithmetic is not standing, and a failed aggregate model does not necessarily eliminate a distinct single-creditor posture. No current tariff, dividend, deadline or legal permission is added.

What was found and what remains insufficient: The legal currency-conversion basis is substantially stronger than P18’s historical educational support. The specific remaining insufficiency is fresh, complete current-primary confirmation of the joint §9(1) limb and §9(2), together with the material monetary commencement/later-amendment chain—or a controlling final decision actually applying the joint threshold. The failed sources and bounded searches do not establish that such authority does not exist.

Final P20 disposition: Single R100 retained as a primary judicial baseline; monetary-conversion support augmented; joint R200 strengthened but still partially unresolved under the requested current-primary standard. All unaffected P18 findings, raw provenance, procedural, private, local, foreign and acceptance holds remain unchanged.

END C_ZA PASS-20

Every captured table

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These components repair their stated scope. They do not replace every other finding in this research series.

CZA four bounded consistency repairs →

Captured table 01

Provision · Faithful content of the reproduced text · P20 evidence status · 4 data rows

Provision	Faithful content of the reproduced text	P20 evidence status
§9(1), single creditor	A creditor, or the creditor’s agent, has a liquidated claim of at least £50 against the debtor.	Single rand amount independently confirmed by Osborne.
§9(1), grouped creditors	Two or more creditors, or their agent, have liquidated claims aggregating at least £100 against the same debtor.	Reproduced statutory text, statutory conversion support and judicial restatement; complete current-primary chain still held.
§9(1), remaining conditions	The debtor has committed an act of insolvency or is insolvent; the creditor may petition.	Preserved P18 conditions, not rerun.
§9(2)	A liquidated claim that has accrued but is not yet due at the hearing date counts for §9(1).	Fresh secondary text read; fresh current-primary subsection body remains missing.

Captured table 02

Question · P20 result · 6 data rows

Question	P20 result
Does a primary SCA body confirm single R100?	Yes.
Was an enacted monetary-construction rule found?	Yes, in a dated SARB-hosted legislative compilation.
Does a final judgment expressly mention joint R200?	Yes, but not as a dispositive joint-creditor threshold holding.
Was a current official §9(1)–(2) consolidation successfully opened?	No.
Was the complete conversion/commencement and later-amendment chain verified through October 2026?	No.
Is there evidence here that R200 was changed?	No such instrument was established—but that is not proof of absence.

Captured table 03

P18 location · Previous position · P20 replacement/disposition · 6 data rows

P18 location	Previous position	P20 replacement/disposition
C_ZA-P18-C004	R100 single/R200 aggregate presented together as an established baseline, supported by §9 reproduction, Osborne and historical conversion.	Replace with the full cell below.
P18 G1-05 — Single threshold	“Answered as established baseline — C004”; qualifying claim remains.	Retain the baseline, identify Osborne as the primary support and preserve currentness/private-claim limits.
P18 G1-06 — Joint threshold	“Answered as established baseline — C004”; same debtor and each claim.	Change to partial current-primary confirmation.
P18 threshold narrative	Both amounts appeared equally verified.	State that their evidence strength differs as explained in §1.5 above.
P18 Example A	Aggregate arithmetic was correct but could be read as proving standing.	Retain all amounts; add the conditional and separate-individual-route qualifications below.
P18 source history	Historical SARB explanation and §9 read-aid were part of the original evidence.	Preserve those rows unchanged. Add P20 sources; do not describe them as having been read in P18.

Captured table 04

Row · Issue · Replacement status/finding · 2 data rows

Row	Issue	Replacement status/finding	Exact remaining fact or action
C_ZA-P18-G1-05	Single threshold	Answered as a judicially confirmed baseline, with currentness limits. Osborne para20 confirms at least R100. P20 C001–C003.	Establish the actual qualifying claim and complete any necessary current-law check.
C_ZA-P18-G1-06	Joint threshold	Partial. R200 has strengthened statutory-conversion and judicial-restatement support, but the requested complete current-primary joint chain remains unclosed. P20 C004–C014.	Obtain current official §9(1)–(2), the material monetary commencement/amendment chain, or a controlling final judgment actually deciding the joint limb.

Captured table 05

No. · Assumed posture · Conditional classification · 8 data rows

No.	Assumed posture	Conditional classification	Adverse branch / missing proof	Claims
1	One creditor holds a fixed, admitted R100 debt.	Equality meets the single-amount baseline.	The claimant must still own the debt; the other sequestration predicates remain separate.	C001,C015
2	One creditor holds R99.99 and appoints two agents.	Two agents do not turn one creditor into two creditors or increase its claim.	Authority and ownership must be proved; no qualifying additional creditor is assumed.	C009–C010,C015
3	Two distinct creditors hold R60 and R140 against the same debtor.	On the retained joint rule, aggregate R200 reaches the amount boundary.	Each claim must qualify. The R140 creditor independently meets the single amount, but that is a distinct posture.	C010,C012,C015–C016
4	Two distinct creditors hold R60 and R139.99 against the same debtor.	Aggregate R199.99 falls below the joint model.	This does not mean neither could ever petition: the R139.99 creditor separately meets the R100 amount baseline.	C012,C015–C016
5	R120 is owed by Debtor A; R100 is owed by Debtor B.	Adding them produces R220 arithmetically, but not qualifying aggregate claims against one debtor.	Separate debtor identity and any joint-liability theory require actual evidence and law.	C009–C010,C015
6	Two trustees represent one trust creditor owed R500.	Representative headcount is not creditor headcount. The assumed claim is assessed as that creditor’s claim.	The nature of the estate/entity and authority are not decided; Kurz illustrates why two named applicants can represent one creditor.	C010,C013
7	A fixed R150 claim has accrued, but its contractual payment date is after the petition hearing.	The reproduced §9(2) includes that posture if it is truly accrued and liquidated.	A contingent claim dependent on an unfulfilled condition is not assumed accrued. Fresh current-primary §9(2) verification remains held.	C011,C014
8	An applicant alleges R10,000 damages, or a fixed invoice that the respondent genuinely disputes.	A large number does not establish a liquidated, legally owed claim.	The court must address the claim’s legal/evidential quality; the majority/concurrence distinction in Osborne is preserved.	C003,C015

Captured table 06

Amount · Comparison · Amount-only result · 2 data rows

Amount	Comparison	Amount-only result
R99.99	R99.99 < R100	Below baseline
R100.00	R100.00 = R100	Equality reaches baseline

Captured table 07

Claims · Aggregate · Joint amount-only result · 2 data rows

Claims	Aggregate	Joint amount-only result
R60 + R140	R200	Reaches conditional joint boundary
R60 + R139.99	R199.99	Falls short

Captured table 08

Source ID · Issuer/title and complete literal HTTPS URL · Body/read status and pinpoint · 17 data rows

Source ID	Issuer/title and complete literal HTTPS URL	Body/read status and pinpoint	Edition, commencement and limits
C_ZA-P20-S001	SCA, Osborne v Cockin NO and Others [2018] ZASCA58, 17 May 2018. https://www.supremecourtofappeal.org.za/index.php/component/jdownloads/send/3-judgments-2018/284-osborne-v-cockin-no-others-549-2017-2018-zasca-58-17-may-2018?Itemid=0	Fresh final judgment/body and images. Para20 P6/printed7; paras22–29 P6–P8/printed7–9.	Confirms R100 only. Majority and concurrence distinguished. No full later citator.
S002	SARB-hosted South African Reserve Bank Act 90 of 1989, dated compilation. https://www.resbank.co.za/content/dam/sarb/what-we-do/banknotes-and-coin/SA%20Reserve%20Bank%20Act%2090%20of%201989.pdf	Fresh body: §§14–18 P10–P12; §§40–41 P20–P21; Schedule3 P24. §18 and §40 images inspected; §15 table screenshot failed, parsed text read. Printed labels unverified.	Header lists amendments through 2003 and commencement 1 Aug1989. §41 requires proclamation; proclamation not obtained. Not a complete 2026 consolidation.
S003	KwaZulu-Natal High Court, Kurz NO and Another v van den Berg, 17 July 2013, public mirror. https://semantis.ai/resources/35235.pdf	Fresh final-opinion body/images: para6(a) P1; paras7–10 P2. Printed labels not displayed.	States both figures but applies R100 to one creditor represented by trustees. Not a joint-limb ratio; non-official hosting.
S004	Acts Online, Insolvency Act §9 reproduction. https://www.acts.co.za/insolvency-act-1936/9__petition_for_sequestration_of_estate	Fresh secondary body: §9(1)–(2), HTML lines9–10.	Exact grouping/accrual wording recovered, but not current primary certification. P18’s earlier read remains separate.
S005	Government Gazette, original SARB Act90/1989 candidate. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201503/act-90-1989.pdf	Failed body fetch.	Original enactment pages not read; S002 was the successful different official-hosted route.
S006	gov.za, SARB Act90/1989 legislative record. https://www.gov.za/documents/south-african-reserve-bank-act-24-mar-2015-1516	Search metadata; direct body timed out.	No commencement or amendment-body claim derived from the failed page.
S007	gov.za, SARB Amendment Act4/2010 record. https://www.gov.za/documents/south-african-reserve-bank-amendment-act-3	Discovery metadata; direct body timed out.	Later amendment candidate, not read operative clauses.
S008	gov.za, SARB Amendment Act commencement record. https://www.gov.za/documents/south-african-reserve-bank-amendment-act-commencement	Discovery metadata; direct body timed out.	No proclamation content or effective date adopted.
S009	SARB, Core legislation page. https://www.resbank.co.za/en/home/about-us/SARB-core-legislation	Fresh HTML index, lines173–188. Act link140 failed on following it; exact final target was not recovered.	Current listing is not a read current consolidation.
S010	Gazette6255/Decimal Coinage Act61/1959 candidate hosted by Legal Assistance Centre. https://www.lac.org.na/laws/GGsa/sagg6255.pdf	Metadata plus failed PDF fetch.	Historical South African Gazette candidate, not adopted as Namibian law or as a read conversion/commencement clause.
S011	National Archives catalogue entry for Decimal Coinage Act61/1959. https://www.nationalarchives.gov.za/node/7362521	Search metadata; direct fetch failed.	Catalogue identity only; no legislative body.
S012	LawOnline, Act61/1959 page. https://lawonline.co.za/act/no-61-of-1959/	Failed secondary alternate, HTTP429.	No text or commencement conclusion.
S013	Western Cape Numismatic Society, Gazette library. https://www.wcnumsoc.com/new-library	Fresh HTML discovery index. Link to 6July1959 Act61/1959 failed; no scan obtained.	Collector-hosted index, not operative authority.
S014	LawLibrary, original Insolvency Act static publication candidate. https://media.lawlibrary.org.za/media/legislation/291667/source_file/3adfa89a7c8d23a7/1936-24.pdf	New published alternate; HTTP403.	No fresh original §9 body. Not an unchanged retry of the prior consolidation paths.
S015	South African Law Commission, Report: Review of the Law of Insolvency, April2000. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/reviewlawinsolvency0.pdf	Official report candidate; body timed out.	Even if obtained, a law-reform report would not itself enact a current threshold.
S016	High Court final-judgment candidate, [2026] ZAFSHC284, 15May2026. https://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAFSHC/2026/284.html	Threshold wording in search result; direct body HTTP403.	No merits, posture, joint application or currentness finding adopted.
S017	Acts Online, SARB Act amendment inventory. https://www.acts.co.za/south_african_reserve_bank_act_1989_act_no_90_of_1989_	Discovery/index result only.	Flags later amendment families; no final clauses or complete chain read.

Captured table 09

Claim ID · Exact proposition / actor / predicate / effect · Source and pinpoint · 20 data rows

Claim ID	Exact proposition / actor / predicate / effect	Source and pinpoint	Remaining hold
C_ZA-P20-C001	Single creditor: at least R100 is expressly stated in Osborne.	S001 para20, P6/printed7	Actual claim and later-law application
C002	That paragraph does not confirm the joint amount.	S001 para20	Joint-primary gap separate
C003	Fixed amount, liquidation and genuinely owed liability are distinct; the concurrence does not replace the majority.	S001 paras20–29	Actual claim evidence
C004	A statutory monetary-reference construction provision was found.	S002 §18, P12	Dated compilation
C005	Its referenced table supplies the £1/R2 equivalence.	S002 §15(2), P11	Table parsed; image unavailable
C006	Applied to retained £50/£100 premises, the conversion produces R100/R200.	S002 §§15(2),18; S004	Conditional on operative underlying text
C007	Header commencement is not a freshly read proclamation; compilation stops at listed2003 amendments.	S002 P0, §41 P21	Commencement/later chain incomplete
C008	Conversion does not by itself prove §9’s amounts remained unchanged through2026.	S002–S008 source limits	Current-primary chain held
C009	Reproduced §9(1) separates one creditor from two or more and includes agents.	S004 §9(1)	Secondary text only
C010	Grouped claims concern the same debtor; representative headcount is not creditor headcount.	S004; S003 paras7,10	Actual ownership/authority
C011	Reproduced §9(2) includes accrued liquidated claims not yet due at hearing.	S004 §9(2)	Fresh primary subsection missing
C012	The joint text tests aggregate claims; it does not say each creditor must hold R100.	S004 §9(1)	Conditional currentness status
C013	Kurz states R200 alternatively but applies the single-creditor limb.	S003 paras6(a),7,10	Not controlling joint-limb determination
C014	No complete current-primary §9(1)–(2) or dispositive joint-threshold authority was obtained.	Search/read audit; S014–S016	Not proof none exists
C015	Amount arithmetic does not establish valid creditor standing or other sequestration predicates.	S001; conditional models	No actual outcome
C016	A failed aggregate model can coexist with one member meeting the single amount.	Stipulated model + C001,C012	Separate proceeding/standing not advised
C017	Models use rand amounts without CPI, present GBP exchange or rounding uplift.	Model assumptions; C006	No new monetary adjustment
C018	P18 C004/G1-05/G1-06 receive a source-strength overlay, not a contrary-amount finding.	Replacement cells	Original history preserved
C019	No actual party, claim file, account, licence or docket was investigated.	Research-method fact	Public legal material only
C020	§149, Rule6, local, private-claim, citator and acceptance holds remain.	Scope	P19 not adopted

Captured table 10

Row · Subquestion · Status / claims · 18 data rows

Row	Subquestion	Status / claims	Missing body or exact next action
G1-01	Single R100	Answered as primary judicial baseline — C001	Actual qualifying claim
G1-02	Equality at R100	Answered at baseline — C001	No “more than” substitution
G1-03	Joint R200	Partial — C006,C013–C014	Current primary §9 or controlling joint application
G1-04	Equality at R200	Conditional — C012	Same joint-currentness hold
G1-05	Two or more creditors	Secondary wording recovered — C009	Current primary body
G1-06	Same debtor	Conditional textual finding — C010	Actual debtor identity/liability
G1-07	Agent versus creditor	Conditional — C009–C010	Mandate and claim ownership
G1-08	Aggregate versus per-creditor amount	Conditional — C012	Current primary confirmation
G1-09	Liquidated claim	Primary qualification retained — C003	Agreement/judgment/quantification
G1-10	Accrued but not due	Partial-source status — C011	Official §9(2) or primary quotation
G1-11	Hearing-date reference	Secondary wording recovered — C011	Actual hearing and accrual facts
G1-12	Unaccrued contingency	Not automatically included — C011,C015	Contractual event/legal accrual
G1-13	Statutory conversion provision	Body located — C004–C006	Full currentness chain
G1-14	£50/£100 premises	Retained text, not newly original-Gazette certified — C009	Original/current official §9
G1-15	Commencement proclamation	Unresolved — C007	Actual proclamation body
G1-16	Savings/transitions	Partially read — C007–C008	Complete 1959/1964/1989 continuity if required
G1-17	Later amendments	Unresolved — C008,C014	Material final bodies and effective clauses
G1-18	Judicial hierarchy	Answered as evidence distinction — C002–C003,C013	Full later citator remains

Captured table 11

Row · Posture · Status / claims · 8 data rows

Row	Posture	Status / claims	Missing fact
G2-01	One creditor R100	Conditional amount result — C001,C015	Valid claim/other gates
G2-02	One creditor, two agents	Conditional distinction — C009–C010	Authority/ownership
G2-03	R60 + R140	Conditional joint model — C012,C016	Two qualifying claims/same debtor
G2-04	R60 + R139.99	Aggregate fails; individual amount separate — C016	Actual filing posture
G2-05	Different debtors	No aggregate model established — C010	Joint-liability basis, if alleged
G2-06	Two trustees/one creditor	Representative count distinction — C013	Actual estate/entity role
G2-07	Accrued/not yet due	Conditional inclusion — C011	Accrual and hearing facts
G2-08	Disputed/unliquidated	Amount insufficient — C003,C015	Merits evidence

Captured table 12

Row · Matter · Status / claims · 4 data rows

Row	Matter	Status / claims	Next action
G3-01	P18 C004	Revised evidence qualification — C018	Coordinator review of overlay
G3-02	P18 G1-05/G1-06	Single retained; joint partial — C018	Close exact primary gap
G3-03	Existing arithmetic	Preserved with standing caveat — C015–C017	No financial-model rerun
G3-04	P19/private records/acceptance	Not adopted; no actual action — C019–C020	Holds below

Captured table 13

Row · Held family · P20 disposition · 12 data rows

Row	Held family	P20 disposition
H01	Current official §9(1)–(2)	Exact complete primary chain unresolved
H02	Original decimalisation commencement	1959 Act/proclamation body not obtained
H03	Current §§15/18 monetary-law chain	Dated statutory body found; later amendments not exhaustively checked
H04	Actual debt ownership, accrual, amount and liquidation	Unknown; no records searched
H05	Agency/representation authority	No actual mandate assessed
H06	Genuine dispute and private contractual defences	Case-specific; not adjudicated
H07	§149 jurisdiction	Existing hold preserved
H08	Rule6, Master and service procedure	Existing hold preserved; P19 not adopted
H09	Insolvency, advantage, valuation and security	P18 scope retained; not rerun
H10	Full current judicial citator	Not performed
H11	Foreign law/currency/jurisdiction	No foreign law adopted; no live FX conversion
H12	Parent/country/A066/A097/A098 acceptance	Held

Captured table 14

Province · Status · Next local question · 9 data rows

Province	Status	Next local question
Eastern Cape	Unexamined locally	Applicable division, current practice direction and filing/service requirements
Free State	Unexamined locally	Same; a failed 2026 opinion fetch does not establish local procedure
Gauteng	Unexamined locally	Applicable seat, current electronic filing and procedural directions
KwaZulu-Natal	Not generally examined	Kurz is narrow published authority, not certification of all current local practice
Limpopo	Unexamined locally	Division/seat and current procedural requirements
Mpumalanga	Unexamined locally	Division/seat and current procedural requirements
Northern Cape	Unexamined locally	Division/seat and current procedural requirements
North West	Unexamined locally	Division/seat and current procedural requirements
Western Cape	Unexamined locally	Division/seat and current procedural requirements

Captured table 15

Search family · Representative actual queries/routes · Result · 8 data rows

Search family	Representative actual queries/routes	Result
Primary §9 wording	"Insolvency Act" "liquidated claim which has accrued"; "Insolvency Act" "one hundred pounds"	Fresh secondary §9 text; no successful current official whole body
Joint judicial amount	"R200" "section 9(1)" site:supremecourtofappeal.org.za; "R200" "sequestration" site:judiciary.org.za	Kurz alternative statement; no controlling joint-limb application established
Accrued/not-yet-due	"Insolvency Act" "not yet due" in official court domains	No fresh final primary authority closing §9(2) gap
Decimalisation	Decimal Coinage Act61/1959 and Gazette6255 routes	Catalogue/index discovery; bodies failed
Statutory monetary construction	SARB Act90/1989 §§15,18,40–41	Successful official-hosted legislative text
Later monetary amendments	gov.za SARB Act and Act4/2010/commencement routes	Metadata surfaced; body fetches failed
New original-law alternate	LawLibrary static publication PDF	Failed; not an unchanged retry of previously failed consolidations
Recent judgment candidate	[2026] ZAFSHC284	Snippet only; body failed; no legal finding adopted

Captured table 16

Deliverable · Actual displayed count · 11 data rows

Deliverable	Actual displayed count
P20 source-register rows	17
New atomic claims	20
Core coverage rows	30
Separate general holds	12
Provincial/local rows	9
Total coverage/hold rows	51
Fictional qualifying-claim postures	8
Conditional threshold models	2
Statutory-conversion illustration	1, containing two equations
P18 replacement/crosswalk rows	6
New actual claim, filing or sequestration outcomes	0

Find the assertion and its boundaries

Search this report’s claim records

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Read the related correction supplements

These components repair their stated scope. They do not replace every other finding in this research series.

CZA four bounded consistency repairs →

C_ZA-P20-C001 Saved research record

Single creditor: at least R100 is expressly stated in Osborne.

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Source and pinpoint: S001 para20, P6/printed7
Remaining hold: Actual claim and later-law application

C_ZA-P20-C002 Saved research record

That paragraph does not confirm the joint amount.

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Source and pinpoint: S001 para20
Remaining hold: Joint-primary gap separate

C_ZA-P20-C003 Saved research record

Fixed amount, liquidation and genuinely owed liability are distinct; the concurrence does not replace the majority.

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Source and pinpoint: S001 paras20–29
Remaining hold: Actual claim evidence

C_ZA-P20-C004 Saved research record

A statutory monetary-reference construction provision was found.

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Source and pinpoint: S002 §18, P12
Remaining hold: Dated compilation

C_ZA-P20-C005 Saved research record

Its referenced table supplies the £1/R2 equivalence.

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Source and pinpoint: S002 §15(2), P11
Remaining hold: Table parsed; image unavailable

C_ZA-P20-C006 Saved research record

Applied to retained £50/£100 premises, the conversion produces R100/R200.

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Source and pinpoint: S002 §§15(2),18; S004
Remaining hold: Conditional on operative underlying text

C_ZA-P20-C007 Saved research record

Header commencement is not a freshly read proclamation; compilation stops at listed2003 amendments.

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Source and pinpoint: S002 P0, §41 P21
Remaining hold: Commencement/later chain incomplete

C_ZA-P20-C008 Saved research record

Conversion does not by itself prove §9’s amounts remained unchanged through2026.

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Source and pinpoint: S002–S008 source limits
Remaining hold: Current-primary chain held

C_ZA-P20-C009 Saved research record

Reproduced §9(1) separates one creditor from two or more and includes agents.

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Source and pinpoint: S004 §9(1)
Remaining hold: Secondary text only

C_ZA-P20-C010 Saved research record

Grouped claims concern the same debtor; representative headcount is not creditor headcount.

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Source and pinpoint: S004; S003 paras7,10
Remaining hold: Actual ownership/authority

C_ZA-P20-C011 Saved research record

Reproduced §9(2) includes accrued liquidated claims not yet due at hearing.

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Source and pinpoint: S004 §9(2)
Remaining hold: Fresh primary subsection missing

C_ZA-P20-C012 Saved research record

The joint text tests aggregate claims; it does not say each creditor must hold R100.

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Source and pinpoint: S004 §9(1)
Remaining hold: Conditional currentness status

C_ZA-P20-C013 Saved research record

Kurz states R200 alternatively but applies the single-creditor limb.

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Source and pinpoint: S003 paras6(a),7,10
Remaining hold: Not controlling joint-limb determination

C_ZA-P20-C014 Saved research record

No complete current-primary §9(1)–(2) or dispositive joint-threshold authority was obtained.

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Source and pinpoint: Search/read audit; S014–S016
Remaining hold: Not proof none exists

C_ZA-P20-C015 Saved research record

Amount arithmetic does not establish valid creditor standing or other sequestration predicates.

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Source and pinpoint: S001; conditional models
Remaining hold: No actual outcome

C_ZA-P20-C016 Saved research record

A failed aggregate model can coexist with one member meeting the single amount.

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Source and pinpoint: Stipulated model + C001,C012
Remaining hold: Separate proceeding/standing not advised

C_ZA-P20-C017 Saved research record

Models use rand amounts without CPI, present GBP exchange or rounding uplift.

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Source and pinpoint: Model assumptions; C006
Remaining hold: No new monetary adjustment

C_ZA-P20-C018 Saved research record

P18 C004/G1-05/G1-06 receive a source-strength overlay, not a contrary-amount finding.

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Source and pinpoint: Replacement cells
Remaining hold: Original history preserved

C_ZA-P20-C019 Saved research record

No actual party, claim file, account, licence or docket was investigated.

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Source and pinpoint: Research-method fact
Remaining hold: Public legal material only

C_ZA-P20-C020 Saved research record

§149, Rule6, local, private-claim, citator and acceptance holds remain.

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Source and pinpoint: Scope
Remaining hold: P19 not adopted

Sources, pinpoints and access limits

Keep the source version, actual read extent and jurisdiction with the proposition. A link or researcher access claim is not a substitute for an operative primary passage.

Search this report’s sources

C_ZA-P20-S001 Saved research record

SCA, Osborne v Cockin NO and Others [2018] ZASCA58, 17 May 2018. https://www.supremecourtofappeal.org.za/index.php/component/jdownloads/send/3-judgments-2018/284-osborne-v-cockin-no-others-549-2017-2018-zasca-58-17-may-2018?Itemid=0

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Body/read status and pinpoint: Fresh final judgment/body and images. Para20 P6/printed7; paras22–29 P6–P8/printed7–9.
Edition, commencement and limits: Confirms R100 only. Majority and concurrence distinguished. No full later citator.
Direct source URLs: https://www.supremecourtofappeal.org.za/index.php/component/jdownloads/send/3-judgments-2018/284-osborne-v-cockin-no-others-549-2017-2018-zasca-58-17-may-2018?Itemid=0

C_ZA-S002 Saved research record

SARB-hosted South African Reserve Bank Act 90 of 1989, dated compilation. https://www.resbank.co.za/content/dam/sarb/what-we-do/banknotes-and-coin/SA%20Reserve%20Bank%20Act%2090%20of%201989.pdf

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Body/read status and pinpoint: Fresh body: §§14–18 P10–P12; §§40–41 P20–P21; Schedule3 P24. §18 and §40 images inspected; §15 table screenshot failed, parsed text read. Printed labels unverified.
Edition, commencement and limits: Header lists amendments through 2003 and commencement 1 Aug1989. §41 requires proclamation; proclamation not obtained. Not a complete 2026 consolidation.
Direct source URLs: https://www.resbank.co.za/content/dam/sarb/what-we-do/banknotes-and-coin/SA%20Reserve%20Bank%20Act%2090%20of%201989.pdf

C_ZA-S003 Saved research record

KwaZulu-Natal High Court, Kurz NO and Another v van den Berg, 17 July 2013, public mirror. https://semantis.ai/resources/35235.pdf

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Body/read status and pinpoint: Fresh final-opinion body/images: para6(a) P1; paras7–10 P2. Printed labels not displayed.
Edition, commencement and limits: States both figures but applies R100 to one creditor represented by trustees. Not a joint-limb ratio; non-official hosting.
Direct source URLs: https://semantis.ai/resources/35235.pdf

C_ZA-S004 Saved research record

Acts Online, Insolvency Act §9 reproduction. https://www.acts.co.za/insolvency-act-1936/9__petition_for_sequestration_of_estate

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Body/read status and pinpoint: Fresh secondary body: §9(1)–(2), HTML lines9–10.
Edition, commencement and limits: Exact grouping/accrual wording recovered, but not current primary certification. P18’s earlier read remains separate.
Direct source URLs: https://www.acts.co.za/insolvency-act-1936/9__petition_for_sequestration_of_estate

C_ZA-S005 Saved research record

Government Gazette, original SARB Act90/1989 candidate. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201503/act-90-1989.pdf

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Body/read status and pinpoint: Failed body fetch.
Edition, commencement and limits: Original enactment pages not read; S002 was the successful different official-hosted route.
Direct source URLs: https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201503/act-90-1989.pdf

C_ZA-S006 Saved research record

gov.za, SARB Act90/1989 legislative record. https://www.gov.za/documents/south-african-reserve-bank-act-24-mar-2015-1516

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Body/read status and pinpoint: Search metadata; direct body timed out.
Edition, commencement and limits: No commencement or amendment-body claim derived from the failed page.
Direct source URLs: https://www.gov.za/documents/south-african-reserve-bank-act-24-mar-2015-1516

C_ZA-S007 Saved research record

gov.za, SARB Amendment Act4/2010 record. https://www.gov.za/documents/south-african-reserve-bank-amendment-act-3

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Body/read status and pinpoint: Discovery metadata; direct body timed out.
Edition, commencement and limits: Later amendment candidate, not read operative clauses.
Direct source URLs: https://www.gov.za/documents/south-african-reserve-bank-amendment-act-3

C_ZA-S008 Saved research record

gov.za, SARB Amendment Act commencement record. https://www.gov.za/documents/south-african-reserve-bank-amendment-act-commencement

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Body/read status and pinpoint: Discovery metadata; direct body timed out.
Edition, commencement and limits: No proclamation content or effective date adopted.
Direct source URLs: https://www.gov.za/documents/south-african-reserve-bank-amendment-act-commencement

C_ZA-S009 Saved research record

SARB, Core legislation page. https://www.resbank.co.za/en/home/about-us/SARB-core-legislation

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Body/read status and pinpoint: Fresh HTML index, lines173–188. Act link140 failed on following it; exact final target was not recovered.
Edition, commencement and limits: Current listing is not a read current consolidation.
Direct source URLs: https://www.resbank.co.za/en/home/about-us/SARB-core-legislation

C_ZA-S010 Saved research record

Gazette6255/Decimal Coinage Act61/1959 candidate hosted by Legal Assistance Centre. https://www.lac.org.na/laws/GGsa/sagg6255.pdf

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Body/read status and pinpoint: Metadata plus failed PDF fetch.
Edition, commencement and limits: Historical South African Gazette candidate, not adopted as Namibian law or as a read conversion/commencement clause.
Direct source URLs: https://www.lac.org.na/laws/GGsa/sagg6255.pdf

C_ZA-S011 Saved research record

National Archives catalogue entry for Decimal Coinage Act61/1959. https://www.nationalarchives.gov.za/node/7362521

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Body/read status and pinpoint: Search metadata; direct fetch failed.
Edition, commencement and limits: Catalogue identity only; no legislative body.
Direct source URLs: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.za/node/7362521

C_ZA-S012 Saved research record

LawOnline, Act61/1959 page. https://lawonline.co.za/act/no-61-of-1959/

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Body/read status and pinpoint: Failed secondary alternate, HTTP429.
Edition, commencement and limits: No text or commencement conclusion.
Direct source URLs: https://lawonline.co.za/act/no-61-of-1959/

C_ZA-S013 Saved research record

Western Cape Numismatic Society, Gazette library. https://www.wcnumsoc.com/new-library

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Body/read status and pinpoint: Fresh HTML discovery index. Link to 6July1959 Act61/1959 failed; no scan obtained.
Edition, commencement and limits: Collector-hosted index, not operative authority.
Direct source URLs: https://www.wcnumsoc.com/new-library

C_ZA-S014 Saved research record

LawLibrary, original Insolvency Act static publication candidate. https://media.lawlibrary.org.za/media/legislation/291667/source_file/3adfa89a7c8d23a7/1936-24.pdf

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Body/read status and pinpoint: New published alternate; HTTP403.
Edition, commencement and limits: No fresh original §9 body. Not an unchanged retry of the prior consolidation paths.
Direct source URLs: https://media.lawlibrary.org.za/media/legislation/291667/source_file/3adfa89a7c8d23a7/1936-24.pdf

C_ZA-S015 Saved research record

South African Law Commission, Report: Review of the Law of Insolvency, April2000. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/reviewlawinsolvency0.pdf

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Body/read status and pinpoint: Official report candidate; body timed out.
Edition, commencement and limits: Even if obtained, a law-reform report would not itself enact a current threshold.
Direct source URLs: https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/reviewlawinsolvency0.pdf

C_ZA-S016 Saved research record

High Court final-judgment candidate, [2026] ZAFSHC284, 15May2026. https://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAFSHC/2026/284.html

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Body/read status and pinpoint: Threshold wording in search result; direct body HTTP403.
Edition, commencement and limits: No merits, posture, joint application or currentness finding adopted.
Direct source URLs: https://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAFSHC/2026/284.html

C_ZA-S017 Saved research record

Acts Online, SARB Act amendment inventory. https://www.acts.co.za/south_african_reserve_bank_act_1989_act_no_90_of_1989_

Recorded check status: not yet checked

Body/read status and pinpoint: Discovery/index result only.
Edition, commencement and limits: Flags later amendment families; no final clauses or complete chain read.
Direct source URLs: https://www.acts.co.za/south_african_reserve_bank_act_1989_act_no_90_of_1989_

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coverage-1 Saved research record