FIND THE EXPLANATION
Use the notice, agreement, and places connected to the debt to find the right court, regulator, or legal-help service.
Explore Montana information →This address preserves a dated source document behind the guide. The complete explanation covers the questions, comparisons and next steps for this subject.
If you came here to check a specific citation, open the original archive below. It includes its source dates and recorded qualifications.
The explanation above is written for readers. These original working documents preserve the evidence trail, including technical language, dated passages and known corrections. They have not all received independent professional review. Use the marked limits before relying on a particular rule or figure.
Read the evidence with its boundaries. These are saved research components, including revisions. A scoped coordinator review checks selected evidence; it does not certify every claim, a complete jurisdiction, current law or individual applicability. Dates and access limits remain attached to the records.
Fresh PASS-29 access date: October 26, 2026, Pacific / October 26, 2026, UTC Scope: Only the three requested correction groups affecting PASS-24. PASS-24 remains unreviewed. PASS-25, PASS-27, and PASS-28 remain separate work and are not merged or adopted here.
All 10 PASS-24 hypothetical workflows and all 14 previously checked numerical quantities remain intact. The operative 2026 amount remains $425,828, based on the Department of Revenue’s current page. The diagnostic calculation
$350,000×1.045=$425,828.51584$350{,}000\times1.04^5=$425{,}828.51584$350,000×1.045=$425,828.51584is not treated as a statutory or administrative rounding rule. A bounded official-domain search did not recover the current operative ARM body or its rounding methodology. DOR’s HELP Integrity Fee equity instructions are not imported into execution law. Montana Code Annotated+1
| Group / subissue | Affected PASS-24 location | Exact correction or qualification | Effect on original |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1(a) Appraisal-petition service wording | Core 23; Matrix V step 5; VII.C; C038; Example 7 | MCA §70-32-205 requires that the petition and hearing notice be served at least two days before hearing. It does not itself say “personally served.” | Delete the categorical word personally. Preserve the two-day requirement and proof-of-service prerequisite. |
| 1(b) Applicable service method | Same locations | Current reviewed sources do not conclusively establish whether Rule 4, Rule 5, a court order, or another mechanism universally governs every §70-32-205 petition. | Method remains held, dependent on whether the petition is treated as a new special proceeding, a filing in the existing action, the claimant’s appearance/representation, and the court’s order. |
| 1(c) Mandatory sale order | Core 24; Matrix V step 10C; C043; Example 8 | If the appraisers’ report shows value above the exemption and indivisibility, §70-32-210 says the judge shall order sale. | Replace “may order sale” with “shall order sale” once the statutory report predicates are established. Appraisal validity, stay, notice, and actual sale authority remain held. |
| 1(d) Execution-sale proceeds versus other converted proceeds | Core 37; Matrix IV proceeds row; C033–C035 | §70-32-213 protects money paid to the claimant after an execution sale. Section 70-32-216 separately covers property sold or condemned, or lost/damaged/destroyed with indemnification. | Separate the two 18-month routes rather than compressing them. |
| 1(e) Appeal security stipulation | Core 35; VII.E; stay coverage | A written stipulation may waive filing of security, but it does not itself constitute a stay order. | Preserve the need for a Rule 22 motion and court relief unless another effective stay exists. |
| 1(f) Rule 22 Supreme Court clocks | Core 35; stay coverage | After a District Court Rule 22 order, a Supreme Court motion may be filed within 11 days of entry; response within 11 days after filing of the motion. | Add only within this appellate-stay procedure; no actual calendar is computed. |
| 2(a) Absolute-sale exception | Core 31–32; Matrices II and V; redemption coverage | Under §25-13-710, when the estate sold is “less than a leasehold of 2 years’ unexpired term,” the sale is absolute. | Part 8 redemption is not universal for every real-property interest sold. |
| 2(b) Basic one-year redemption | Core 32; C057; Matrices II/V/VIII | Judgment debtor or redemptioner may redeem within one year after sale under §25-13-802; debtor retains the entire one-year period under §25-13-810. | Retained, but no longer presented as the only possible redemption timing. |
| 2(c) Successive redemptioners | Core 32–33; C057–C059; Matrices II/V/VIII | After a redemption by a redemptioner, another redemptioner may redeem within 60 days after the last redemption, repeatedly if the statutory predicates are met. | Add successive 60-day cycles. |
| 2(d) Added taxes, assessments, and liens | Core 32; C058; Matrix VIII | Under §25-13-806, a redemptioner must give written notice to the sheriff and file a duplicate with the county clerk for redemption, added taxes/assessments, and other liens. | If the additional notice is not filed, redemption may occur without paying the unnotified addition. |
| 2(e) Deed timing after redemption | Core 33; Matrices II/V/VIII; C057–C059 | If no redemption occurs within one year, purchaser is entitled to conveyance. If redeemed, last redemptioner is entitled to deed only after 60 days without another redemption, notice, and expiration of the applicable redemption time. | Replace unqualified “deed after one year.” |
| 2(f) Rents/profits statement clocks | Core 34; Matrix VIII; C061 | Written demand before expiration can extend redemption five days after the sworn statement; one-month failure/refusal permits accounting action; right extends to 15 days after final determination. | Add exact conditional clocks and actors. |
| 3(a) Small Claims source mapping | Matrix III; C006; source mapping | Replace erroneous reference to P24-S019/DPHHS material with MCA §25-35-807. | Correct source and claim crosslink. |
| 3(b) Grouped homestead URLs | P24-S004, S006–S010, S012 | Expand every relied-on MCA section to a full literal URL. | Locator/render correction only. |
| 3(c) Core 15–38 anchors | Core findings 15–38 | Replace unresolved internal citation tokens with visible source ID, literal URL, and exact clause/case paragraph. | No substantive expansion except requested corrections. |
| 3(d) First four matrices | Matrices II–V | Re-render as actual Markdown tables, preserving every original row and applying only the narrow corrections above. | Display correction only. |
| 3(e) DOR versus ARM | Core 8, 14–15; C018 | Preserve DOR’s $425,828 component and $430,828 HIF threshold; current ARM body and legal rounding remain unrecovered. | No substitution of HIF equity tests for execution valuation. |
| 3(f) Official form | P24-S018 | Fresh screenshot confirms the one-page Judicial Branch sample contains two claimant signature lines and notary block. | Sample form remains noncontrolling; no universal initial two-spouse-signature rule. |
| 3(g) DPHHS instructions | P24-S019 | Fresh page inspection confirms two signature lines and stale “up to $7 per page” statement. | Guidance remains noncontrolling and stale on fees. |
| 3(h) MSU guide | P24-S020 | Direct PDF remained inaccessible in this PASS-29 run; preserve coordinator-reported March 2025 observations only. | No fresh-access claim or upgraded evidentiary status. |
MCA §70-32-205 provides only:
A copy of the petition, with notice of the time and place of hearing, must be served upon the claimant at least two days before the hearing.
Section 70-32-206 requires proof of that service before the judge may appoint appraisers. Neither section uses the phrase “personally served.” Montana Code Annotated+1
The currently reviewed primary sources do not establish one universal method for every §70-32-205 petition:
Accordingly, the corrected statement is:
The petition and notice of the hearing’s time and place must be served on the claimant at least two days before the hearing. The applicable method of service is held pending the actual docket posture, claimant’s appearance and representation, any summons or court order, and controlling authority applying Rule 4, Rule 5, or another procedure to that petition.
No personal-service rule—or mail-service rule—is imposed universally in this pass.
MCA §70-32-205 requires service on the claimant of the petition and time-and-place hearing notice at least two days before hearing; §70-32-206 requires proof of service. The statutes do not themselves specify personal service, and the universally governing method remains unresolved.
Confidence: High for the statutory wording; unresolved for universal method.
MCA §70-32-210 states:
If the appraisers’ report shows both that the claimed land exceeds the homestead exemption in value and that it cannot be divided, the judge shall make an order directing sale under execution. Montana Code Annotated
Corrected statement:
Once the valid appraisers’ report establishes both over-cap value and indivisibility, the judge shall order sale.
That mandatory wording does not establish:
Replace only:
“If indivisible, the court may order sale.”
with:
“If the report validly establishes value over the exemption and indivisibility, the court shall order sale under §70-32-210.”
All values and branches in Example 8 remain unchanged.
Under §70-32-213, money paid to the claimant from the execution sale up to the homestead exemption receives, for 18 months after payment, the same protection against legal process and voluntary disposition of either spouse that the law gives the homestead. Montana Code Annotated
Under §70-32-216, the owner receives an 18-month traceable-proceeds exemption if property that could have been claimed as a homestead:
FIFO, LIFO, or another reasonable debtor-selected tracing method is authorized. Montana Code Annotated
Corrected statement:
Section 70-32-213 protects the execution-sale money actually paid to the claimant. Section 70-32-216 separately protects traceable proceeds from sale or condemnation, and from loss, damage, or destruction where the owner was indemnified. Indemnification is not an additional predicate for the sale or condemnation branches.
This distinction accords with Snyder, which described §213 as covering judgment-execution proceeds and §216 as expanding protection to other disposal and casualty circumstances. Justia Law
A party seeking a stay pending appeal must first move in District Court under Rule 22(1). A written stipulation may waive filing of security, but the stipulation does not itself constitute the judicial stay contemplated by Rule 22. An effective stay still requires a court order or another independently effective source of stay relief. Montana Code Annotated
After the District Court grants or denies Rule 22 relief:
Corrected statement:
A written stipulation can waive security; it does not automatically stay execution. A District Court stay order, and when necessary timely Supreme Court relief under Rule 22, remain distinct procedural acts.
The general redemption framework applies only to property “sold subject to redemption” under §25-13-710. That section states that when the debtor’s estate is less than a leasehold of two years’ unexpired term, the sale is absolute. In all other cases, the property is subject to Part 8 redemption. Montana Code Annotated
Corrected statement:
A short estate falling within §25-13-710’s less-than-two-years-unexpired-leasehold language is sold absolutely and does not enter the ordinary Part 8 redemption route. The actual estate sold must be identified before assuming a one-year redemption period.
The judgment debtor or a qualifying redemptioner may redeem from the purchaser within one year after sale by paying the amounts listed in §25-13-802. The judgment debtor retains the entire one-year period. Montana Code Annotated+1
If a redemptioner redeems, another redemptioner may redeem within 60 days after the last redemption, and further qualifying redemptioners may continue that sequence, each within 60 days after the preceding redemption. The required amount is based on the last redemption sum, judgment-rate interest, qualifying taxes and assessments, and specified prior liens; the judgment under which the property was sold need not be paid as a lien in that calculation. Montana Code Annotated
Corrected statement:
The debtor’s basic period is one year, but a redemption by a redemptioner can trigger successive 60-day redemption cycles. The one-year debtor period and those redemptioner cycles must be read together before determining deed eligibility.
Written notice of redemption must be given to the sheriff and a duplicate filed with the county clerk. If a redemptioner has paid taxes or assessments or holds/acquires a lien other than the lien supporting the redemption, notice of those additions must be given and filed in the same way.
If that additional notice is not filed, the property may be redeemed without paying the unnotified tax, assessment, or lien. Montana Code Annotated
Corrected statement:
Taxes, assessments, and additional liens are not automatically added to every redemption amount. Their statutory notice and filing predicates must be met.
Section 25-13-810 establishes two branches:
The judgment debtor always retains the entire one-year period from sale. Montana Code Annotated
Corrected statement:
A sheriff’s deed is not universally due exactly one year after sale. Where a redemption occurred, the statutory 60-day/no-further-redemption, notice, and expiration conditions also control.
During the redemption period:
If, before the redemption period expires, the debtor or redemptioner makes a written demand for a verified rents-and-profits statement:
Corrected statement:
The accounting-demand extension is not one generic extension. It has a five-day statement branch and a separate one-month failure/refusal plus accounting-action branch ending 15 days after final determination.
| Stage | Actor | Required event or document | Legal effect | What it does not establish |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debt or account default | Creditor/consumer | Contract and account facts | Potential claim | Judgment, lien, levy, or sale |
| Judgment entry | Court/clerk | Final money judgment | Judicial obligation | County real-property lien by itself |
| District docketing | Clerk | Judgment docket entry | County lien on debtor’s nonexempt real property | Statewide lien or execution |
| Other-county lien | Creditor/clerk | Certified docket transcript filed there | Lien in that county | New ten-year period |
| Justice judgment lien | Creditor/District clerk | Certified Justice docket transcript | County lien on nonexempt land | Automatic lien from Justice judgment alone |
| Foreign judgment | Creditor/District clerk | Authentication, filing, affidavit, notice | Treated like Montana District judgment | Immediate distribution before statutory notice period |
| Federal judgment | Creditor/District clerk | Certified federal transcript filed | County lien under §25-9-303 | Automatic state lien from federal entry alone |
| Writ issuance | Clerk/judge | Enforceable judgment and execution request | Authority to execute | Title, value, exemption, or priority |
| Order of resort | Sheriff/creditor | Insufficient personal property | Permits resort to real property | Homestead sale authority |
| Levy | Sheriff/levying officer | Writ applied to identified land/interest | Brings property into execution process | Completed sale |
| Homestead petition | Creditor | Verified petition after levy | Requests appraisal process | Automatic appointment, sale, or established service method |
| Appraisal order | District Court | Petition served at least two days before hearing; proof of service and petition facts | Judge may appoint three appraisers | A universal personal-service requirement |
| Appraisal report | Appraisers | Inspection and written report | Evidence of value and divisibility | Automatic sale without statutory predicates |
| Division order | Court | Value over cap and divisible | Sets off residence/land equal to cap | Sale of protected setoff |
| Sale order | Court | Valid report showing value over cap and indivisibility | Judge shall direct execution sale | Completed sale or absence of a stay |
| Sale notice | Sheriff | Sale order | Gives statutory auction notice | Guaranteed constitutional notice in every unusual case |
| Auction | Sheriff | Proper notice and lawful bid | Highest qualifying bid accepted | Immediate deed or extinguishment of all interests |
| Certificate of sale | Sheriff/county clerk | Sale completed | Records purchase and redemption status | Final title before redemption; Part 8 does not apply to §25-13-710’s absolute-sale exception |
| Redemption | Debtor/spouse/successor/redemptioner | Statutory payment, papers, and notices | Terminates or supersedes purchaser’s interest | A single universal one-year-only timeline; redemptioners may create 60-day cycles |
| Sheriff’s deed | Sheriff | No redemption within one year, or post-redemption §810 conditions satisfied | Conveys debtor’s sold interest | More title than debtor owned |
| Distribution | Sheriff/court | Costs, homestead, superior interests, and priorities resolved | Applies lawful proceeds | Automatic full judgment satisfaction |
| Satisfaction | Clerk/creditor/court | Returned satisfied execution or acknowledgment | Updates judgment docket | Automatic update of every other county or registration |
The lien and execution gateway rows remain anchored in MCA §§25-9-301 through 303, §25-31-914, and §§25-13-201, 301, 304, 305, 401, and 402. The patched homestead and redemption rows are anchored in §§70-32-203 through 215 and §§25-13-710, 801 through 810, and 821 through 824. Montana Code Annotated+6
| Court or judgment route | Real-property lien gateway | Execution route | Principal qualification or hold |
|---|---|---|---|
| Montana District Court | Docketing under §25-9-301 | District writ; personal property first; real-property writ under §25-13-305 | Actual docket, county, stay, and title |
| Another Montana county | Certified transcript under §25-9-302 | Writ in that county | Transcript filing date and original lien expiration |
| Justice Court | Certified docket transcript filed with District Court clerk where land is situated | Justice/City writ and Montana execution statutes | Actual transcript and local clerk practice |
| Small Claims | Enforced through Justice Court judgment-execution law under §25-35-807 | Justice Court writ route | Correct source is MCA §25-35-807, not DPHHS instructions |
| City Court | General Justice/City procedural framework | Limited-court execution | Exact real-property transcript provision remains held |
| Municipal Court | Coordinate Justice jurisdiction; District-style procedure generally | Court-specific route | Exact municipal lien and form implementation remain unresolved |
| Sister-state judgment | UEFJA registration and notice | Montana District execution | Original validity, registration, stay, and notice |
| Federal District of Montana/Ninth Circuit judgment | Certified transcript under §25-9-303 | Montana county execution | Federal judgment and transcript |
| Private arbitration award | None until court judgment | None | Confirmation and judgment remain separate |
| Confirmed arbitration judgment | Ordinary court-judgment docketing after entry | Ordinary execution | Actual confirmation order and judgment entry |
The corrected Small Claims source states expressly that proceedings to enforce or collect a Small Claims judgment are governed by the laws relating to execution upon Justice Court judgments. Montana Code Annotated
| Element | Current Montana requirement | Consequence or hold |
|---|---|---|
| Property type | Dwelling house or mobile home, appurtenances, and land on which situated | Pure investment parcel does not qualify merely because owned |
| Occupancy | Declarant ordinarily resides on premises when declaration is made | Temporary absence and mixed use remain fact-specific |
| Ownership | Married claimant: property of either spouse; unmarried claimant: claimant’s property | Creditor reaches only debtor-owned interest |
| Revocable trust | Settlor may claim if property otherwise qualifies | Trust and settlor facts required |
| Head of household | No current requirement located | Unmarried claimant can qualify |
| Dependents | No current requirement located | Dependents do not increase cap |
| Acreage | No express current numerical limit | Property must fit dwelling, appurtenance, ownership, use, divisibility, and value rules |
| Declaration | Executed, acknowledged, and recorded | Not automatic |
| Declaration content | Residence statement, homestead claim, and legal description | §70-32-216 supplies the distinct proceeds qualification |
| Recording office | County clerk where land is situated | Unrecorded instrument is not statutory selection |
| 2026 value limit | $425,828 | DOR operational amount; current ARM body and rounding methodology unrecovered |
| Undivided interest | Proportional exemption | Actual title fraction required |
| Spousal stacking | No double cap | One statutory value limit |
| Initial spouse signatures | Statute says person selecting; official sample provides two signature lines | Universal both-spouse initial-signature requirement remains unresolved |
| Later conveyance/encumbrance | Both spouses execute and acknowledge for married homestead | Applies to later disposition or encumbrance |
| Abandonment | Declaration of abandonment or grant; both spouses if married | Effective when filed where homestead declaration recorded |
| Ordinary prior judgment lien | Not one of §70-32-202’s enumerated exceptions | Declaration may follow ordinary judgment lien under J&L Lands |
| Mortgages/vendor/construction liens | Enumerated exceptions under §70-32-202 | Full secured-foreclosure and priority law excluded |
| Purchase-price/purchase-loan claim | General §25-13-607 exception exists | Exact interaction with Chapter 32 remains held |
| Proceeds | §70-32-213: execution-sale money paid to claimant protected 18 months. §70-32-216: traceable proceeds from sale or condemnation, or loss/damage/destruction with indemnification, protected 18 months | Source, event, payment date, tracing, and branch must be proved |
The current DOR page identifies the 2026 HIF threshold as $430,828, expressly composed of the $425,828 homestead amount plus $5,000. Its separate mortgage/equity instructions are HIF guidance, not execution-law valuation rules. Montana Department of Revenue+1
The Judicial Branch form visibly contains two claimant signature lines and a notary block, but remains a sample and not controlling construction of §70-32-105. Montana Courts
| Step | Actor | Exact predicate | Relative deadline | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Ordinary lien and writ | Creditor/clerk | Enforceable ordinary judgment and county lien | Judgment-specific | Writ issued |
| 2. Order of resort | Sheriff/creditor | Insufficient personal property | Within writ authority | Real-property execution considered |
| 3. Homestead levy | Sheriff | Writ levied on claimed homestead | — | Triggers Chapter 32 route |
| 4. Verified petition | Creditor | Levy, claimant identity, alleged value above cap | After levy | Filed with District Court clerk |
| 5. Service of petition and hearing notice | Creditor/serving actor | Copy of petition plus time/place notice | At least 2 days before hearing | Statutory service required; universal method remains held |
| 6. Hearing | District judge | Proof of service and petition facts | Court-set | Judge may appoint three appraisers |
| 7. Appraiser oath | Appraisers | Appointment | Before duties | Appraisers qualified |
| 8. Inspection/appraisal | Appraisers | View premises | — | Determine value and divisibility |
| 9. Written report | Appraisers | Appointment | Within 15 days | Reports value and divisibility |
| 10A. Value not over cap | Court | Valid report/record | — | No ordinary unsecured-creditor division/sale branch established |
| 10B. Over cap and divisible | Court/appraisers | Division without material injury | — | Court sets off residence and land worth exemption; remainder executable |
| 10C. Over cap and indivisible | Court | Valid report shows both predicates | — | Judge shall order sale |
| 11. Sale notice | Sheriff | Sale order | 20 days posting/publication under general sale law | Auction scheduled |
| 12. Auction | Sheriff | Lawful notice and qualifying bid | Set date | Bid must exceed applicable homestead amount |
| 13. Proceeds | Sheriff/court | Completed sale | — | Claimant receives protected amount; balance enters lawful execution distribution |
| 14. Certificate | Sheriff/county clerk | Sale | Statutory filing | Records sale and redemption status |
| 15. Redemption | Debtor/spouse/successor/redemptioner | Part 8 applies; required payment, papers, and notices | Debtor has full 1 year; qualifying later redemptioners may use successive 60-day periods | Sale interest terminated or superseded |
| 16. Deed | Sheriff | No redemption within 1 year, or after redemption: 60 days without another redemption, proper notice, and applicable time expired | Event-dependent | Purchaser or last redemptioner obtains deed to debtor’s sold interest |
The appraisal procedure is controlled by §§70-32-203 through 215. The patched redemption steps are controlled by §§25-13-710 and 801 through 810. Montana Code Annotated+16
| P24 core finding | Correct visible source anchor and exact clause |
|---|---|
| 15. Value versus net equity | P24-S004/P29-S010: MCA §70-32-104(1)–(3), https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0010/section_0040/0700-0320-0010-0040.html; DOR 2026 HIF page, https://revenue.mt.gov/taxes/miscellaneous/help-integrity-fee, lines 113–131. |
| 16. Exclusive ordinary homestead exceptions | P24-S006: MCA §§70-32-201 and 202: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0010/0700-0320-0020-0010.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0020/0700-0320-0020-0020.html. |
| 17. Declaration after ordinary judgment lien | P24-S015: J&L Lands, 2022 MT 111, ¶¶7–11, https://law.justia.com/cases/montana/supreme-court/2022/da-21-0493.html. Justia Law |
| 18. Ownership required | P24-S017: 623 Partners, 2016 MT 336, ¶¶13–18, https://law.justia.com/cases/montana/supreme-court/2016/da-16-0234.html. Justia Law |
| 19. Residence and proceeds | MCA §§70-32-105, 106, and 216; Snyder, ¶¶9–14, https://law.justia.com/cases/montana/supreme-court/2006/4f3840bd-4b60-44d2-9886-aa7f2f236c15.html. Justia Law |
| 20. Formal abandonment | MCA §§70-32-301 through 303: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0030/section_0010/0700-0320-0030-0010.html; .../section_0020/0700-0320-0030-0020.html; .../section_0030/0700-0320-0030-0030.html. |
| 21. Specialized exceptions remain separate | MCA §25-13-607: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0060/section_0070/0250-0130-0060-0070.html; exact Chapter 32 interaction held. |
| 22. Levy then verified petition | MCA §§70-32-203 and 204: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0030/0700-0320-0020-0030.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0040/0700-0320-0020-0040.html. |
| 23. Petition service | MCA §§70-32-205 and 206: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0050/0700-0320-0020-0050.html; .../section_0060/0700-0320-0020-0060.html. Method held; Rule 4/5/81 branches separately identified. |
| 24. Appraisal, division, mandatory sale | MCA §§70-32-206 through 210. Section 210 uses shall. Full URLs in P29-S012 below. |
| 25. Bid, proceeds, appraiser compensation, costs | MCA §§70-32-211 through 215. Full URLs in P29-S012. |
| 26. Homestead before ordinary lien proceeds | J&L Lands, ¶¶7–11. Justia Law |
| 27. General real-estate sale notice | MCA §25-13-701: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0070/section_0010/0250-0130-0070-0010.html. |
| 28. Auction procedure | MCA §25-13-704: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0070/section_0040/0250-0130-0070-0040.html. |
| 29. Individual notice limits | MCA §70-32-205 and §25-13-701; no universal individualized-sale-notice conclusion beyond actual statutory text and due-process facts. |
| 30. Sale-without-notice consequence | MCA §25-13-702: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0070/section_0020/0250-0130-0070-0020.html. |
| 31. Interest transferred and certificate | MCA §§25-13-710 and 711: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0070/section_0100/0250-0130-0070-0100.html; .../section_0110/0250-0130-0070-0110.html. |
| 32. Basic and successive redemption | MCA §§25-13-801 through 803, plus §810. Full URLs in P29-S014. |
| 33. Debtor/spouse redemption effects and deed | MCA §§25-13-809 and 810. |
| 34. Possession, rents, and accounting | MCA §§25-13-821 and 822. |
| 35. Appeal/stay | Montana Appellate Rule 22: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0210/part_0010/section_0220/0250-0210-0010-0220.html. |
| 36. No dedicated report-objection/confirmation period found | Qualified negative limited to §§70-32-203 through 215 and §§25-13-701 through 824 actually reviewed; general civil/appellate procedure remains held. |
| 37. Eighteen-month proceeds | MCA §§70-32-213 and 216: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0130/0700-0320-0020-0130.html; .../section_0160/0700-0320-0020-0160.html. |
| 38. Satisfaction | MCA §25-9-311: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0090/part_0030/section_0110/0250-0090-0030-0110.html. |
| PASS-24 example | Original assumptions and numerical result | PASS-29 effect |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Ordinary nonhomestead parcel | $90,000 value; $30,000 judgment/cost bound; symbolic CCC | Unchanged. Redemption applies only if the estate is not within §25-13-710’s absolute-sale exception. |
| 2. Homestead below cap | $400,000 < $425,828; $300,000 practical equity | Unchanged. |
| 3. Above cap with mortgage | $700,000 − $200,000 − $425,828 = $74,172 | Unchanged. DOR equity guidance remains illustrative only, not execution law. |
| 4. Fifty-percent interest | $212,914 proportional cap; $37,086 potential nonexempt equity | Unchanged. |
| 5. Spouse/co-owner unknown | No calculation without title/trust evidence | Unchanged. |
| 6. Occupancy/abandonment | Three branches; no numerical result | Unchanged. §216’s exact sale/condemnation/casualty branches now stated more precisely. |
| 7. Missing notice and claim dates | No calendar | Replace “personally served” with “served at least two days before hearing; governing method held.” All other timing holds remain. |
| 8. Appraisal/divisibility | $550,000 roll; $420,000 or $600,000 appraisals; $174,172 excess | Replace “may order sale” with “shall order sale” once valid over-cap/indivisible report predicates exist. Numbers unchanged. |
| 9. Voluntary sale proceeds | $500,000; protected $425,828; excess $74,172 | Clarify this is §216’s sale branch; indemnification is not required for the sale branch. Numbers unchanged. |
| 10. Execution sale/redemption | $500,000 bid; $425,828 exemption; $74,172 gross remainder before CCC | Add: Part 8 depends on §710; debtor retains one year; redemptioners may create 60-day cycles; §806 notices affect additions; §822 accounting can extend time; deed conditions under §810. Numbers unchanged. |
Issuer: Montana Legislature, MCA 2025 Internet edition.
Plain text
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0010/section_0010/0700-0320-0010-0010.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0010/section_0020/0700-0320-0010-0020.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0010/section_0030/0700-0320-0010-0030.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0010/section_0040/0700-0320-0010-0040.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0010/section_0050/0700-0320-0010-0050.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0010/section_0060/0700-0320-0010-0060.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0010/section_0070/0700-0320-0010-0070.html
Read scope: definition, ownership/trust, value, declaration, contents, and recording. Section 102 is repealed. Current MCA Internet disclaimer preserved. Montana Code Annotated
Plain text
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0010/0700-0320-0020-0010.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0020/0700-0320-0020-0020.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0030/0700-0320-0020-0030.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0040/0700-0320-0020-0040.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0050/0700-0320-0020-0050.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0060/0700-0320-0020-0060.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0070/0700-0320-0020-0070.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0080/0700-0320-0020-0080.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0090/0700-0320-0020-0090.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0100/0700-0320-0020-0100.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0110/0700-0320-0020-0110.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0120/0700-0320-0020-0120.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0130/0700-0320-0020-0130.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0140/0700-0320-0020-0140.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0150/0700-0320-0020-0150.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0160/0700-0320-0020-0160.html
PASS-29 freshly read the material §§203–216 bodies involved in the corrections. Montana Code Annotated+13
Plain text
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0070/section_0010/0250-0130-0070-0010.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0070/section_0020/0250-0130-0070-0020.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0070/section_0030/0250-0130-0070-0030.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0070/section_0040/0250-0130-0070-0040.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0070/section_0100/0250-0130-0070-0100.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0070/section_0110/0250-0130-0070-0110.html
PASS-29 freshly read §25-13-710. Other unchanged sale bodies retain their original PASS-24 dated access. Montana Code Annotated
Plain text
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0080/section_0010/0250-0130-0080-0010.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0080/section_0020/0250-0130-0080-0020.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0080/section_0030/0250-0130-0080-0030.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0080/section_0040/0250-0130-0080-0040.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0080/section_0050/0250-0130-0080-0050.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0080/section_0060/0250-0130-0080-0060.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0080/section_0070/0250-0130-0080-0070.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0080/section_0080/0250-0130-0080-0080.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0080/section_0090/0250-0130-0080-0090.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0080/section_0100/0250-0130-0080-0100.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0080/section_0210/0250-0130-0080-0210.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0080/section_0220/0250-0130-0080-0220.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0080/section_0230/0250-0130-0080-0230.html
https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0080/section_0240/0250-0130-0080-0240.html
PASS-29 freshly read all material §§801–810 and 821–824 provisions relevant to the requested corrections. Montana Code Annotated+13
| Source ID | Title / issuer / literal URL and pinpoint | Access classification, date, and limits |
|---|---|---|
| S_MT-P29-S001 | MCA §§70-32-204–206. URLs: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0040/0700-0320-0020-0040.html; .../section_0050/0700-0320-0020-0050.html; .../section_0060/0700-0320-0020-0060.html | Fresh own access, Oct. 26, 2026 Pacific/UTC. Complete verified-petition, service, proof-of-service, and appointment clauses. HTML; printed page/PDF index not applicable. |
| S_MT-P29-S002 | Montana Rules 4, 5, 81. URLs: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0200/part_0020/section_0040/0250-0200-0020-0040.html; .../section_0050/0250-0200-0020-0050.html; .../part_0110/section_0810/0250-0200-0110-0810.html | Fresh own access. Used only to bound the unresolved service-method branches; no universal Rule 4/Rule 5 holding. |
| S_MT-P29-S003 | MCA §70-32-210. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0100/0700-0320-0020-0100.html | Fresh own access. Complete section; mandatory “shall” wording. |
| S_MT-P29-S004 | MCA §§70-32-213 and 216. URLs in P29-S012 above. | Fresh own access. Complete execution-sale-money and general tracing branches. |
| S_MT-P29-S005 | Montana Appellate Rule 22. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0210/part_0010/section_0220/0250-0210-0010-0220.html | Fresh own access. Motion, security, stipulation, District Court order, 11-day Supreme Court motion, and 11-day response clauses. |
| S_MT-P29-S006 | MCA §25-13-710. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0070/section_0100/0250-0130-0070-0100.html | Fresh own access. Complete transferred-interest and absolute-sale exception. |
| S_MT-P29-S007 | MCA §§25-13-801–810. Full URLs in P29-S014. | Fresh own access. Complete material redemption, notices, papers, effects, and deed conditions. |
| S_MT-P29-S008 | MCA §§25-13-821–824. Full URLs in P29-S014. | Fresh own access. Possession, rents/profits, accounting extensions, waste, and post-sale injunction. |
| S_MT-P29-S009 | MCA §25-35-807. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0350/part_0080/section_0070/0250-0350-0080-0070.html | Fresh own access. Correct Small Claims execution source. |
| S_MT-P29-S010 | MCA §70-32-104 and DOR HIF page. URLs: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0010/section_0040/0700-0320-0010-0040.html; https://revenue.mt.gov/taxes/miscellaneous/help-integrity-fee | Fresh own access. DOR states $430,828 = $425,828 + $5,000. One bounded official search did not recover current ARM body. |
| S_MT-P29-S011 | Homestead establishment §§101–107. Full URLs in Section X. | Mixed: current bodies reused and literal URLs repaired; §104 freshly checked. |
| S_MT-P29-S012 | Homestead execution §§201–216. Full URLs in Section X. | Fresh material reads for §§203–216; grouped locator replaced. |
| S_MT-P29-S013 | General sale §§25-13-701–704, 710–711. Full URLs in Section X. | §710 fresh; remaining unchanged provisions retain dated PASS-24 access. |
| S_MT-P29-S014 | Redemption §§25-13-801–810, 821–824. Full URLs in Section X. | Fresh own access. |
| S_MT-P29-S015 | J&L Lands, LP v. Nezat, 2022 MT 111. https://law.justia.com/cases/montana/supreme-court/2022/da-21-0493.html; majority ¶¶7–11; prior printed pp.4–8/PDF indices 3–7 | Fresh HTML access; prior PDF locator reused. Actual opinion reproduction; voluntary-sale/title posture limits preserved. |
| S_MT-P29-S016 | In re Snyder, 2006 MT 308. https://law.justia.com/cases/montana/supreme-court/2006/4f3840bd-4b60-44d2-9886-aa7f2f236c15.html; ¶¶9–14; prior printed pp.4–6/PDF indices 3–5 | Fresh HTML access; prior PDF locator reused. Bankruptcy certified-question posture. |
| S_MT-P29-S017 | 623 Partners, LLC v. Hunter, 2016 MT 336. https://law.justia.com/cases/montana/supreme-court/2016/da-16-0234.html; ¶¶13–18; prior printed pp.6–9/PDF indices 5–8 | Fresh HTML access; prior PDF locator reused. Already-avoided-transfer facts. |
| S_MT-P29-S018 | Judicial Branch forms: https://courts.mt.gov/Forms/realestate; https://courts.mt.gov/Forms/Homestead3.pdf | Fresh landing-page and PDF screenshot access. One page, printed p.1/PDF index 0. Sample, not controlling law. Montana Courts+1 |
| S_MT-P29-S019 | DPHHS-hosted instructions: https://dphhs.mt.gov/assets/sltc/legal/forms/DeclarationofHomesteadInstructions.pdf | Fresh PDF screenshots. Printed pp.1–2/PDF indices 0–1. Confirms sample two-signature layout and stale $7/page statement; disclaimers preserved. DPHHS+1 |
| S_MT-P29-S020 | MSU guide: https://extension-store.montana.edu/assets/publications/montguidepdfs/mt199815hr_using_a_homestead_declaration_rev03.25.pdf | Failed/not read in PASS-29. Coordinator-reported March 2025 observations retained: $425,827 figure, prior-judgment statement conflicting with DOR/J&L, and stale fee discussion. No fresh-access claim. |
| S_MT-P29-S021 | MCA §25-9-311. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0090/part_0030/section_0110/0250-0090-0030-0110.html | Dated prior review, literal locator repaired. Satisfaction boundary only. |
| Claim ID | Affected PASS-24 claim/location | Precise corrected or new bounded claim | Source / predicates / consequence / confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| S_MT-P29-C001 | C038; core 23; Matrix V step 5 | Petition and time/place notice must be served at least two days before hearing; §205 does not say “personally.” | S001, §70-32-205. High. |
| S_MT-P29-C002 | C038 | No universal service method was established; Rule 4, Rule 5, court order, or another procedure may depend on docket posture. | S001–S002. High as an explicit unresolved qualification. |
| S_MT-P29-C003 | C043; core 24; Example 8 | Once a valid report shows over-cap value and indivisibility, the judge shall order sale. | S003, §70-32-210. High. |
| S_MT-P29-C004 | C033–C035; core 37 | Section 70-32-213 protects execution-sale money paid to claimant for 18 months. | S004, §213. High. |
| S_MT-P29-C005 | C033–C035; core 37 | Section 70-32-216 separately protects traceable proceeds from sale or condemnation, or casualty with indemnification, for 18 months. | S004, §216. High. |
| S_MT-P29-C006 | Core 35; stay coverage | Written stipulation may waive security but is not itself a stay order. | S005, Rule 22(1), (5). High. |
| S_MT-P29-C007 | Core 35 | Supreme Court relief motion is due within 11 days after District Court Rule 22 order; response within 11 days after motion filing. | S005, Rule 22(2). High; actual calendar held. |
| S_MT-P29-C008 | Core 31–32; Matrix II certificate/redemption | If the estate sold is less than a leasehold of two years’ unexpired term, the sale is absolute. | S006, §25-13-710. High; actual estate required. |
| S_MT-P29-C009 | C057; core 32 | Debtor has the full one-year period, while qualifying redemptioners may create successive 60-day cycles. | S007, §§802–803, 810. High. |
| S_MT-P29-C010 | C058 | Taxes, assessments, and added liens require §806 notice and filing; otherwise redemption may omit the unnotified addition. | S007, §806. High. |
| S_MT-P29-C011 | C057–C059; deed workflow | After redemption, deed entitlement requires 60 days without another redemption, notice, and expiration of applicable time. | S007, §810. High. |
| S_MT-P29-C012 | C061; core 34 | Written rents/profits demand can create five-day extension after statement; one-month failure/refusal plus action extends through 15 days after final determination. | S008, §822(2). High. |
| S_MT-P29-C013 | C006; Matrix III | Small Claims judgments are enforced under Justice Court execution laws. | S009, §25-35-807. High. |
| S_MT-P29-C014 | C018; 2026 amount | Current DOR page identifies the homestead component as $425,828; current ARM body/rounding remains unrecovered. | S010. High for DOR evidence; rule currentness partial. |
| S_MT-P29-C015 | Form/signature discussion | Judicial Branch sample visibly contains two claimant signature lines, but does not establish a universal statutory two-spouse-signature requirement. | S018, PDF p.1/index 0. High for form; legal effect limited. |
| S_MT-P29-C016 | P24-S019/S020 guidance limits | DPHHS’s $7/page and coordinator-reported MSU $8/2025 statements do not establish current 2026 recording fees; MSU’s $425,827 and prior-lien statements do not override DOR or J&L. | S019–S020, plus S010/S015. High as source-hierarchy qualification. |
| PASS-29 subissue | Status | Claim links | Exact missing evidence / next action |
|---|---|---|---|
| §70-32-205 two-day service | Corrected | C001 | Actual petition, hearing date, and proof of service |
| Universal personal-service rule | Not established | C002 | Controlling case, court order, or docket-specific classification |
| Rule 4 versus Rule 5 | Unresolved | C002 | Whether petition is new proceeding or paper in existing case; claimant appearance/representation |
| Proof of service | Answered textually | C001 | Actual return, affidavit, acknowledgment, or court finding |
| Indivisible over-cap sale wording | Corrected to shall | C003 | Valid appraisal report and absence of stay |
| §213 execution-sale proceeds | Answered | C004 | Payment date and amount |
| §216 sale branch | Answered | C005 | Sale and traceability |
| §216 condemnation branch | Answered textually | C005 | Actual condemnation statute and payment |
| §216 casualty branch | Answered textually | C005 | Loss/damage/destruction and indemnification |
| Rule 22 security waiver | Qualified | C006 | Actual written stipulation and District Court stay order |
| Rule 22 Supreme Court motion | Answered | C007 | Actual District Court order-entry date |
| Rule 22 response | Answered | C007 | Actual Supreme Court filing date |
| Absolute-sale exception | Added | C008 | Actual estate sold and unexpired lease term |
| Debtor one-year redemption | Preserved | C009 | Sale date |
| Successive redemptioners | Added | C009 | Redemptioner status, payments, prior redemption dates |
| Added tax/assessment/lien notice | Added | C010 | Filed notice and underlying amounts |
| Deed after no redemption | Preserved | C011 | One-year expiration |
| Deed after a redemption | Completed | C011 | 60 days, no later redemption, notice, time expiration |
| Rents/profits credit | Preserved and clarified | C012 | Actual rents, taxes, repairs, and accounting |
| Five-day statement extension | Answered conditionally | C012 | Timely written demand and statement date |
| One-month nonresponse branch | Answered conditionally | C012 | Demand, failure/refusal, and accounting action |
| Fifteen-day post-determination branch | Answered conditionally | C012 | Final accounting determination |
| Small Claims source | Corrected | C013 | Actual Small Claims judgment and Justice route |
| Municipal route | Still unresolved | — | Current municipal-specific lien/execution authority |
| 2026 amount | Preserved at $425,828 | C014 | Operative current ARM body and legal rounding method |
| HIF equity instructions | Not imported | C014 | Execution valuation remains under actual execution/homestead law |
| Official Homestead3 form | Freshly inspected | C015 | No universal statutory signature rule |
| DPHHS instructions | Freshly inspected, stale fee flagged | C016 | Current recording statute controls |
| MSU guide | Not freshly accessible | C016 | No reliance beyond coordinator-reported limits |
| Core 15–38 source tokens | Repaired | Source-anchor table | None for locator rendering |
| Four original matrices | Re-rendered | C001–C016 | No substantive whole-report acceptance |
| All 10 examples | Preserved with listed wording patches | Effect table | Actual records and facts remain held |
| All 14 checked quantities | Preserved | — | Diagnostic unrounded calculation is not legal rule |
| Actual title, lien, sale, redemption, and service records | Unresolved | Original P24 holds | Private records remain outside scope |
| Local/tribal/country/sector rules | Excluded unchanged | — | Separate jurisdiction-specific work |
No filing, levy, declaration recording, appraisal petition, sale, title search, lender inquiry, redemption, contact, record request, local write, independent-review conclusion, whole-component acceptance, Montana acceptance, parent-dossier acceptance, A066 acceptance, operational approval, or publication-readiness determination occurred.
END S_MT PASS-29.
Captured cells with original header handling and explicitly labeled bounded correction overlays. Downloaded JSON retains original cells. Tables may contain source limitations, historical examples and identified corrections; the complete reading supplies context.
Read the evidence with its boundaries. These are saved research components, including revisions. A scoped coordinator review checks selected evidence; it does not certify every claim, a complete jurisdiction, current law or individual applicability. Dates and access limits remain attached to the records.
Group / subissue · Affected PASS-24 location · Exact correction or qualification · 20 data rows
| Group / subissue | Affected PASS-24 location | Exact correction or qualification | Effect on original |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1(a) Appraisal-petition service wording | Core 23; Matrix V step 5; VII.C; C038; Example 7 | MCA §70-32-205 requires that the petition and hearing notice be served at least two days before hearing. It does not itself say “personally served.” | Delete the categorical word personally. Preserve the two-day requirement and proof-of-service prerequisite. |
| 1(b) Applicable service method | Same locations | Current reviewed sources do not conclusively establish whether Rule 4, Rule 5, a court order, or another mechanism universally governs every §70-32-205 petition. | Method remains held, dependent on whether the petition is treated as a new special proceeding, a filing in the existing action, the claimant’s appearance/representation, and the court’s order. |
| 1(c) Mandatory sale order | Core 24; Matrix V step 10C; C043; Example 8 | If the appraisers’ report shows value above the exemption and indivisibility, §70-32-210 says the judge shall order sale. | Replace “may order sale” with “shall order sale” once the statutory report predicates are established. Appraisal validity, stay, notice, and actual sale authority remain held. |
| 1(d) Execution-sale proceeds versus other converted proceeds | Core 37; Matrix IV proceeds row; C033–C035 | §70-32-213 protects money paid to the claimant after an execution sale. Section 70-32-216 separately covers property sold or condemned, or lost/damaged/destroyed with indemnification. | Separate the two 18-month routes rather than compressing them. |
| 1(e) Appeal security stipulation | Core 35; VII.E; stay coverage | A written stipulation may waive filing of security, but it does not itself constitute a stay order. | Preserve the need for a Rule 22 motion and court relief unless another effective stay exists. |
| 1(f) Rule 22 Supreme Court clocks | Core 35; stay coverage | After a District Court Rule 22 order, a Supreme Court motion may be filed within 11 days of entry; response within 11 days after filing of the motion. | Add only within this appellate-stay procedure; no actual calendar is computed. |
| 2(a) Absolute-sale exception | Core 31–32; Matrices II and V; redemption coverage | Under §25-13-710, when the estate sold is “less than a leasehold of 2 years’ unexpired term,” the sale is absolute. | Part 8 redemption is not universal for every real-property interest sold. |
| 2(b) Basic one-year redemption | Core 32; C057; Matrices II/V/VIII | Judgment debtor or redemptioner may redeem within one year after sale under §25-13-802; debtor retains the entire one-year period under §25-13-810. | Retained, but no longer presented as the only possible redemption timing. |
| 2(c) Successive redemptioners | Core 32–33; C057–C059; Matrices II/V/VIII | After a redemption by a redemptioner, another redemptioner may redeem within 60 days after the last redemption, repeatedly if the statutory predicates are met. | Add successive 60-day cycles. |
| 2(d) Added taxes, assessments, and liens | Core 32; C058; Matrix VIII | Under §25-13-806, a redemptioner must give written notice to the sheriff and file a duplicate with the county clerk for redemption, added taxes/assessments, and other liens. | If the additional notice is not filed, redemption may occur without paying the unnotified addition. |
| 2(e) Deed timing after redemption | Core 33; Matrices II/V/VIII; C057–C059 | If no redemption occurs within one year, purchaser is entitled to conveyance. If redeemed, last redemptioner is entitled to deed only after 60 days without another redemption, notice, and expiration of the applicable redemption time. | Replace unqualified “deed after one year.” |
| 2(f) Rents/profits statement clocks | Core 34; Matrix VIII; C061 | Written demand before expiration can extend redemption five days after the sworn statement; one-month failure/refusal permits accounting action; right extends to 15 days after final determination. | Add exact conditional clocks and actors. |
| 3(a) Small Claims source mapping | Matrix III; C006; source mapping | Replace erroneous reference to P24-S019/DPHHS material with MCA §25-35-807. | Correct source and claim crosslink. |
| 3(b) Grouped homestead URLs | P24-S004, S006–S010, S012 | Expand every relied-on MCA section to a full literal URL. | Locator/render correction only. |
| 3(c) Core 15–38 anchors | Core findings 15–38 | Replace unresolved internal citation tokens with visible source ID, literal URL, and exact clause/case paragraph. | No substantive expansion except requested corrections. |
| 3(d) First four matrices | Matrices II–V | Re-render as actual Markdown tables, preserving every original row and applying only the narrow corrections above. | Display correction only. |
| 3(e) DOR versus ARM | Core 8, 14–15; C018 | Preserve DOR’s $425,828 component and $430,828 HIF threshold; current ARM body and legal rounding remain unrecovered. | No substitution of HIF equity tests for execution valuation. |
| 3(f) Official form | P24-S018 | Fresh screenshot confirms the one-page Judicial Branch sample contains two claimant signature lines and notary block. | Sample form remains noncontrolling; no universal initial two-spouse-signature rule. |
| 3(g) DPHHS instructions | P24-S019 | Fresh page inspection confirms two signature lines and stale “up to $7 per page” statement. | Guidance remains noncontrolling and stale on fees. |
| 3(h) MSU guide | P24-S020 | Direct PDF remained inaccessible in this PASS-29 run; preserve coordinator-reported March 2025 observations only. | No fresh-access claim or upgraded evidentiary status. |
Stage · Actor · Required event or document · 22 data rows
| Stage | Actor | Required event or document | Legal effect | What it does not establish |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debt or account default | Creditor/consumer | Contract and account facts | Potential claim | Judgment, lien, levy, or sale |
| Judgment entry | Court/clerk | Final money judgment | Judicial obligation | County real-property lien by itself |
| District docketing | Clerk | Judgment docket entry | County lien on debtor’s nonexempt real property | Statewide lien or execution |
| Other-county lien | Creditor/clerk | Certified docket transcript filed there | Lien in that county | New ten-year period |
| Justice judgment lien | Creditor/District clerk | Certified Justice docket transcript | County lien on nonexempt land | Automatic lien from Justice judgment alone |
| Foreign judgment | Creditor/District clerk | Authentication, filing, affidavit, notice | Treated like Montana District judgment | Immediate distribution before statutory notice period |
| Federal judgment | Creditor/District clerk | Certified federal transcript filed | County lien under §25-9-303 | Automatic state lien from federal entry alone |
| Writ issuance | Clerk/judge | Enforceable judgment and execution request | Authority to execute | Title, value, exemption, or priority |
| Order of resort | Sheriff/creditor | Insufficient personal property | Permits resort to real property | Homestead sale authority |
| Levy | Sheriff/levying officer | Writ applied to identified land/interest | Brings property into execution process | Completed sale |
| Homestead petition | Creditor | Verified petition after levy | Requests appraisal process | Automatic appointment, sale, or established service method |
| Appraisal order | District Court | Petition served at least two days before hearing; proof of service and petition facts | Judge may appoint three appraisers | A universal personal-service requirement |
| Appraisal report | Appraisers | Inspection and written report | Evidence of value and divisibility | Automatic sale without statutory predicates |
| Division order | Court | Value over cap and divisible | Sets off residence/land equal to cap | Sale of protected setoff |
| Sale order | Court | Valid report showing value over cap and indivisibility | Judge shall direct execution sale | Completed sale or absence of a stay |
| Sale notice | Sheriff | Sale order | Gives statutory auction notice | Guaranteed constitutional notice in every unusual case |
| Auction | Sheriff | Proper notice and lawful bid | Highest qualifying bid accepted | Immediate deed or extinguishment of all interests |
| Certificate of sale | Sheriff/county clerk | Sale completed | Records purchase and redemption status | Final title before redemption; Part 8 does not apply to §25-13-710’s absolute-sale exception |
| Redemption | Debtor/spouse/successor/redemptioner | Statutory payment, papers, and notices | Terminates or supersedes purchaser’s interest | A single universal one-year-only timeline; redemptioners may create 60-day cycles |
| Sheriff’s deed | Sheriff | No redemption within one year, or post-redemption §810 conditions satisfied | Conveys debtor’s sold interest | More title than debtor owned |
| Distribution | Sheriff/court | Costs, homestead, superior interests, and priorities resolved | Applies lawful proceeds | Automatic full judgment satisfaction |
| Satisfaction | Clerk/creditor/court | Returned satisfied execution or acknowledgment | Updates judgment docket | Automatic update of every other county or registration |
Court or judgment route · Real-property lien gateway · Execution route · 10 data rows
| Court or judgment route | Real-property lien gateway | Execution route | Principal qualification or hold |
|---|---|---|---|
| Montana District Court | Docketing under §25-9-301 | District writ; personal property first; real-property writ under §25-13-305 | Actual docket, county, stay, and title |
| Another Montana county | Certified transcript under §25-9-302 | Writ in that county | Transcript filing date and original lien expiration |
| Justice Court | Certified docket transcript filed with District Court clerk where land is situated | Justice/City writ and Montana execution statutes | Actual transcript and local clerk practice |
| Small Claims | Enforced through Justice Court judgment-execution law under §25-35-807 | Justice Court writ route | Correct source is MCA §25-35-807, not DPHHS instructions |
| City Court | General Justice/City procedural framework | Limited-court execution | Exact real-property transcript provision remains held |
| Municipal Court | Coordinate Justice jurisdiction; District-style procedure generally | Court-specific route | Exact municipal lien and form implementation remain unresolved |
| Sister-state judgment | UEFJA registration and notice | Montana District execution | Original validity, registration, stay, and notice |
| Federal District of Montana/Ninth Circuit judgment | Certified transcript under §25-9-303 | Montana county execution | Federal judgment and transcript |
| Private arbitration award | None until court judgment | None | Confirmation and judgment remain separate |
| Confirmed arbitration judgment | Ordinary court-judgment docketing after entry | Ordinary execution | Actual confirmation order and judgment entry |
Element · Current Montana requirement · Consequence or hold · 20 data rows
| Element | Current Montana requirement | Consequence or hold |
|---|---|---|
| Property type | Dwelling house or mobile home, appurtenances, and land on which situated | Pure investment parcel does not qualify merely because owned |
| Occupancy | Declarant ordinarily resides on premises when declaration is made | Temporary absence and mixed use remain fact-specific |
| Ownership | Married claimant: property of either spouse; unmarried claimant: claimant’s property | Creditor reaches only debtor-owned interest |
| Revocable trust | Settlor may claim if property otherwise qualifies | Trust and settlor facts required |
| Head of household | No current requirement located | Unmarried claimant can qualify |
| Dependents | No current requirement located | Dependents do not increase cap |
| Acreage | No express current numerical limit | Property must fit dwelling, appurtenance, ownership, use, divisibility, and value rules |
| Declaration | Executed, acknowledged, and recorded | Not automatic |
| Declaration content | Residence statement, homestead claim, and legal description | §70-32-216 supplies the distinct proceeds qualification |
| Recording office | County clerk where land is situated | Unrecorded instrument is not statutory selection |
| 2026 value limit | $425,828 | DOR operational amount; current ARM body and rounding methodology unrecovered |
| Undivided interest | Proportional exemption | Actual title fraction required |
| Spousal stacking | No double cap | One statutory value limit |
| Initial spouse signatures | Statute says person selecting; official sample provides two signature lines | Universal both-spouse initial-signature requirement remains unresolved |
| Later conveyance/encumbrance | Both spouses execute and acknowledge for married homestead | Applies to later disposition or encumbrance |
| Abandonment | Declaration of abandonment or grant; both spouses if married | Effective when filed where homestead declaration recorded |
| Ordinary prior judgment lien | Not one of §70-32-202’s enumerated exceptions | Declaration may follow ordinary judgment lien under J&L Lands |
| Mortgages/vendor/construction liens | Enumerated exceptions under §70-32-202 | Full secured-foreclosure and priority law excluded |
| Purchase-price/purchase-loan claim | General §25-13-607 exception exists | Exact interaction with Chapter 32 remains held |
| Proceeds | §70-32-213: execution-sale money paid to claimant protected 18 months. §70-32-216: traceable proceeds from sale or condemnation, or loss/damage/destruction with indemnification, protected 18 months | Source, event, payment date, tracing, and branch must be proved |
Step · Actor · Exact predicate · 18 data rows
| Step | Actor | Exact predicate | Relative deadline | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Ordinary lien and writ | Creditor/clerk | Enforceable ordinary judgment and county lien | Judgment-specific | Writ issued |
| 2. Order of resort | Sheriff/creditor | Insufficient personal property | Within writ authority | Real-property execution considered |
| 3. Homestead levy | Sheriff | Writ levied on claimed homestead | — | Triggers Chapter 32 route |
| 4. Verified petition | Creditor | Levy, claimant identity, alleged value above cap | After levy | Filed with District Court clerk |
| 5. Service of petition and hearing notice | Creditor/serving actor | Copy of petition plus time/place notice | At least 2 days before hearing | Statutory service required; universal method remains held |
| 6. Hearing | District judge | Proof of service and petition facts | Court-set | Judge may appoint three appraisers |
| 7. Appraiser oath | Appraisers | Appointment | Before duties | Appraisers qualified |
| 8. Inspection/appraisal | Appraisers | View premises | — | Determine value and divisibility |
| 9. Written report | Appraisers | Appointment | Within 15 days | Reports value and divisibility |
| 10A. Value not over cap | Court | Valid report/record | — | No ordinary unsecured-creditor division/sale branch established |
| 10B. Over cap and divisible | Court/appraisers | Division without material injury | — | Court sets off residence and land worth exemption; remainder executable |
| 10C. Over cap and indivisible | Court | Valid report shows both predicates | — | Judge shall order sale |
| 11. Sale notice | Sheriff | Sale order | 20 days posting/publication under general sale law | Auction scheduled |
| 12. Auction | Sheriff | Lawful notice and qualifying bid | Set date | Bid must exceed applicable homestead amount |
| 13. Proceeds | Sheriff/court | Completed sale | — | Claimant receives protected amount; balance enters lawful execution distribution |
| 14. Certificate | Sheriff/county clerk | Sale | Statutory filing | Records sale and redemption status |
| 15. Redemption | Debtor/spouse/successor/redemptioner | Part 8 applies; required payment, papers, and notices | Debtor has full 1 year; qualifying later redemptioners may use successive 60-day periods | Sale interest terminated or superseded |
| 16. Deed | Sheriff | No redemption within 1 year, or after redemption: 60 days without another redemption, proper notice, and applicable time expired | Event-dependent | Purchaser or last redemptioner obtains deed to debtor’s sold interest |
P24 core finding · Correct visible source anchor and exact clause · 24 data rows
| P24 core finding | Correct visible source anchor and exact clause |
|---|---|
| 15. Value versus net equity | P24-S004/P29-S010: MCA §70-32-104(1)–(3), https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0010/section_0040/0700-0320-0010-0040.html; DOR 2026 HIF page, https://revenue.mt.gov/taxes/miscellaneous/help-integrity-fee, lines 113–131. |
| 16. Exclusive ordinary homestead exceptions | P24-S006: MCA §§70-32-201 and 202: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0010/0700-0320-0020-0010.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0020/0700-0320-0020-0020.html. |
| 17. Declaration after ordinary judgment lien | P24-S015: J&L Lands, 2022 MT 111, ¶¶7–11, https://law.justia.com/cases/montana/supreme-court/2022/da-21-0493.html. Justia Law |
| 18. Ownership required | P24-S017: 623 Partners, 2016 MT 336, ¶¶13–18, https://law.justia.com/cases/montana/supreme-court/2016/da-16-0234.html. Justia Law |
| 19. Residence and proceeds | MCA §§70-32-105, 106, and 216; Snyder, ¶¶9–14, https://law.justia.com/cases/montana/supreme-court/2006/4f3840bd-4b60-44d2-9886-aa7f2f236c15.html. Justia Law |
| 20. Formal abandonment | MCA §§70-32-301 through 303: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0030/section_0010/0700-0320-0030-0010.html; .../section_0020/0700-0320-0030-0020.html; .../section_0030/0700-0320-0030-0030.html. |
| 21. Specialized exceptions remain separate | MCA §25-13-607: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0060/section_0070/0250-0130-0060-0070.html; exact Chapter 32 interaction held. |
| 22. Levy then verified petition | MCA §§70-32-203 and 204: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0030/0700-0320-0020-0030.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0040/0700-0320-0020-0040.html. |
| 23. Petition service | MCA §§70-32-205 and 206: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0050/0700-0320-0020-0050.html; .../section_0060/0700-0320-0020-0060.html. Method held; Rule 4/5/81 branches separately identified. |
| 24. Appraisal, division, mandatory sale | MCA §§70-32-206 through 210. Section 210 uses shall. Full URLs in P29-S012 below. |
| 25. Bid, proceeds, appraiser compensation, costs | MCA §§70-32-211 through 215. Full URLs in P29-S012. |
| 26. Homestead before ordinary lien proceeds | J&L Lands, ¶¶7–11. Justia Law |
| 27. General real-estate sale notice | MCA §25-13-701: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0070/section_0010/0250-0130-0070-0010.html. |
| 28. Auction procedure | MCA §25-13-704: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0070/section_0040/0250-0130-0070-0040.html. |
| 29. Individual notice limits | MCA §70-32-205 and §25-13-701; no universal individualized-sale-notice conclusion beyond actual statutory text and due-process facts. |
| 30. Sale-without-notice consequence | MCA §25-13-702: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0070/section_0020/0250-0130-0070-0020.html. |
| 31. Interest transferred and certificate | MCA §§25-13-710 and 711: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0070/section_0100/0250-0130-0070-0100.html; .../section_0110/0250-0130-0070-0110.html. |
| 32. Basic and successive redemption | MCA §§25-13-801 through 803, plus §810. Full URLs in P29-S014. |
| 33. Debtor/spouse redemption effects and deed | MCA §§25-13-809 and 810. |
| 34. Possession, rents, and accounting | MCA §§25-13-821 and 822. |
| 35. Appeal/stay | Montana Appellate Rule 22: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0210/part_0010/section_0220/0250-0210-0010-0220.html. |
| 36. No dedicated report-objection/confirmation period found | Qualified negative limited to §§70-32-203 through 215 and §§25-13-701 through 824 actually reviewed; general civil/appellate procedure remains held. |
| 37. Eighteen-month proceeds | MCA §§70-32-213 and 216: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0130/0700-0320-0020-0130.html; .../section_0160/0700-0320-0020-0160.html. |
| 38. Satisfaction | MCA §25-9-311: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0090/part_0030/section_0110/0250-0090-0030-0110.html. |
PASS-24 example · Original assumptions and numerical result · PASS-29 effect · 10 data rows
| PASS-24 example | Original assumptions and numerical result | PASS-29 effect |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Ordinary nonhomestead parcel | $90,000 value; $30,000 judgment/cost bound; symbolic 𝐶 C | Unchanged. Redemption applies only if the estate is not within §25-13-710’s absolute-sale exception. |
| 2. Homestead below cap | $400,000 < $425,828; $300,000 practical equity | Unchanged. |
| 3. Above cap with mortgage | $700,000 − $200,000 − $425,828 = $74,172 | Unchanged. DOR equity guidance remains illustrative only, not execution law. |
| 4. Fifty-percent interest | $212,914 proportional cap; $37,086 potential nonexempt equity | Unchanged. |
| 5. Spouse/co-owner unknown | No calculation without title/trust evidence | Unchanged. |
| 6. Occupancy/abandonment | Three branches; no numerical result | Unchanged. §216’s exact sale/condemnation/casualty branches now stated more precisely. |
| 7. Missing notice and claim dates | No calendar | Replace “personally served” with “served at least two days before hearing; governing method held.” All other timing holds remain. |
| 8. Appraisal/divisibility | $550,000 roll; $420,000 or $600,000 appraisals; $174,172 excess | Replace “may order sale” with “shall order sale” once valid over-cap/indivisible report predicates exist. Numbers unchanged. |
| 9. Voluntary sale proceeds | $500,000; protected $425,828; excess $74,172 | Clarify this is §216’s sale branch; indemnification is not required for the sale branch. Numbers unchanged. |
| 10. Execution sale/redemption | $500,000 bid; $425,828 exemption; $74,172 gross remainder before 𝐶 C | Add: Part 8 depends on §710; debtor retains one year; redemptioners may create 60-day cycles; §806 notices affect additions; §822 accounting can extend time; deed conditions under §810. Numbers unchanged. |
Source ID · Title / issuer / literal URL and pinpoint · Access classification, date, and limits · 21 data rows
| Source ID | Title / issuer / literal URL and pinpoint | Access classification, date, and limits |
|---|---|---|
| S_MT-P29-S001 | MCA §§70-32-204–206. URLs: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0040/0700-0320-0020-0040.html; .../section_0050/0700-0320-0020-0050.html; .../section_0060/0700-0320-0020-0060.html | Fresh own access, Oct. 26, 2026 Pacific/UTC. Complete verified-petition, service, proof-of-service, and appointment clauses. HTML; printed page/PDF index not applicable. |
| S_MT-P29-S002 | Montana Rules 4, 5, 81. URLs: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0200/part_0020/section_0040/0250-0200-0020-0040.html; .../section_0050/0250-0200-0020-0050.html; .../part_0110/section_0810/0250-0200-0110-0810.html | Fresh own access. Used only to bound the unresolved service-method branches; no universal Rule 4/Rule 5 holding. |
| S_MT-P29-S003 | MCA §70-32-210. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0020/section_0100/0700-0320-0020-0100.html | Fresh own access. Complete section; mandatory “shall” wording. |
| S_MT-P29-S004 | MCA §§70-32-213 and 216. URLs in P29-S012 above. | Fresh own access. Complete execution-sale-money and general tracing branches. |
| S_MT-P29-S005 | Montana Appellate Rule 22. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0210/part_0010/section_0220/0250-0210-0010-0220.html | Fresh own access. Motion, security, stipulation, District Court order, 11-day Supreme Court motion, and 11-day response clauses. |
| S_MT-P29-S006 | MCA §25-13-710. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0070/section_0100/0250-0130-0070-0100.html | Fresh own access. Complete transferred-interest and absolute-sale exception. |
| S_MT-P29-S007 | MCA §§25-13-801–810. Full URLs in P29-S014. | Fresh own access. Complete material redemption, notices, papers, effects, and deed conditions. |
| S_MT-P29-S008 | MCA §§25-13-821–824. Full URLs in P29-S014. | Fresh own access. Possession, rents/profits, accounting extensions, waste, and post-sale injunction. |
| S_MT-P29-S009 | MCA §25-35-807. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0350/part_0080/section_0070/0250-0350-0080-0070.html | Fresh own access. Correct Small Claims execution source. |
| S_MT-P29-S010 | MCA §70-32-104 and DOR HIF page. URLs: https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0320/part_0010/section_0040/0700-0320-0010-0040.html; https://revenue.mt.gov/taxes/miscellaneous/help-integrity-fee | Fresh own access. DOR states $430,828 = $425,828 + $5,000. One bounded official search did not recover current ARM body. |
| S_MT-P29-S011 | Homestead establishment §§101–107. Full URLs in Section X. | Mixed: current bodies reused and literal URLs repaired; §104 freshly checked. |
| S_MT-P29-S012 | Homestead execution §§201–216. Full URLs in Section X. | Fresh material reads for §§203–216; grouped locator replaced. |
| S_MT-P29-S013 | General sale §§25-13-701–704, 710–711. Full URLs in Section X. | §710 fresh; remaining unchanged provisions retain dated PASS-24 access. |
| S_MT-P29-S014 | Redemption §§25-13-801–810, 821–824. Full URLs in Section X. | Fresh own access. |
| S_MT-P29-S015 | J&L Lands, LP v. Nezat, 2022 MT 111. https://law.justia.com/cases/montana/supreme-court/2022/da-21-0493.html; majority ¶¶7–11; prior printed pp.4–8/PDF indices 3–7 | Fresh HTML access; prior PDF locator reused. Actual opinion reproduction; voluntary-sale/title posture limits preserved. |
| S_MT-P29-S016 | In re Snyder, 2006 MT 308. https://law.justia.com/cases/montana/supreme-court/2006/4f3840bd-4b60-44d2-9886-aa7f2f236c15.html; ¶¶9–14; prior printed pp.4–6/PDF indices 3–5 | Fresh HTML access; prior PDF locator reused. Bankruptcy certified-question posture. |
| S_MT-P29-S017 | 623 Partners, LLC v. Hunter, 2016 MT 336. https://law.justia.com/cases/montana/supreme-court/2016/da-16-0234.html; ¶¶13–18; prior printed pp.6–9/PDF indices 5–8 | Fresh HTML access; prior PDF locator reused. Already-avoided-transfer facts. |
| S_MT-P29-S018 | Judicial Branch forms: https://courts.mt.gov/Forms/realestate; https://courts.mt.gov/Forms/Homestead3.pdf | Fresh landing-page and PDF screenshot access. One page, printed p.1/PDF index 0. Sample, not controlling law. Montana Courts +1 |
| S_MT-P29-S019 | DPHHS-hosted instructions: https://dphhs.mt.gov/assets/sltc/legal/forms/DeclarationofHomesteadInstructions.pdf | Fresh PDF screenshots. Printed pp.1–2/PDF indices 0–1. Confirms sample two-signature layout and stale $7/page statement; disclaimers preserved. DPHHS +1 |
| S_MT-P29-S020 | MSU guide: https://extension-store.montana.edu/assets/publications/montguidepdfs/mt199815hr_using_a_homestead_declaration_rev03.25.pdf | Failed/not read in PASS-29. Coordinator-reported March 2025 observations retained: $425,827 figure, prior-judgment statement conflicting with DOR/J&L, and stale fee discussion. No fresh-access claim. |
| S_MT-P29-S021 | MCA §25-9-311. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0090/part_0030/section_0110/0250-0090-0030-0110.html | Dated prior review, literal locator repaired. Satisfaction boundary only. |
Claim ID · Affected PASS-24 claim/location · Precise corrected or new bounded claim · 16 data rows
| Claim ID | Affected PASS-24 claim/location | Precise corrected or new bounded claim | Source / predicates / consequence / confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| S_MT-P29-C001 | C038; core 23; Matrix V step 5 | Petition and time/place notice must be served at least two days before hearing; §205 does not say “personally.” | S001, §70-32-205. High. |
| S_MT-P29-C002 | C038 | No universal service method was established; Rule 4, Rule 5, court order, or another procedure may depend on docket posture. | S001–S002. High as an explicit unresolved qualification. |
| S_MT-P29-C003 | C043; core 24; Example 8 | Once a valid report shows over-cap value and indivisibility, the judge shall order sale. | S003, §70-32-210. High. |
| S_MT-P29-C004 | C033–C035; core 37 | Section 70-32-213 protects execution-sale money paid to claimant for 18 months. | S004, §213. High. |
| S_MT-P29-C005 | C033–C035; core 37 | Section 70-32-216 separately protects traceable proceeds from sale or condemnation, or casualty with indemnification, for 18 months. | S004, §216. High. |
| S_MT-P29-C006 | Core 35; stay coverage | Written stipulation may waive security but is not itself a stay order. | S005, Rule 22(1), (5). High. |
| S_MT-P29-C007 | Core 35 | Supreme Court relief motion is due within 11 days after District Court Rule 22 order; response within 11 days after motion filing. | S005, Rule 22(2). High; actual calendar held. |
| S_MT-P29-C008 | Core 31–32; Matrix II certificate/redemption | If the estate sold is less than a leasehold of two years’ unexpired term, the sale is absolute. | S006, §25-13-710. High; actual estate required. |
| S_MT-P29-C009 | C057; core 32 | Debtor has the full one-year period, while qualifying redemptioners may create successive 60-day cycles. | S007, §§802–803, 810. High. |
| S_MT-P29-C010 | C058 | Taxes, assessments, and added liens require §806 notice and filing; otherwise redemption may omit the unnotified addition. | S007, §806. High. |
| S_MT-P29-C011 | C057–C059; deed workflow | After redemption, deed entitlement requires 60 days without another redemption, notice, and expiration of applicable time. | S007, §810. High. |
| S_MT-P29-C012 | C061; core 34 | Written rents/profits demand can create five-day extension after statement; one-month failure/refusal plus action extends through 15 days after final determination. | S008, §822(2). High. |
| S_MT-P29-C013 | C006; Matrix III | Small Claims judgments are enforced under Justice Court execution laws. | S009, §25-35-807. High. |
| S_MT-P29-C014 | C018; 2026 amount | Current DOR page identifies the homestead component as $425,828; current ARM body/rounding remains unrecovered. | S010. High for DOR evidence; rule currentness partial. |
| S_MT-P29-C015 | Form/signature discussion | Judicial Branch sample visibly contains two claimant signature lines, but does not establish a universal statutory two-spouse-signature requirement. | S018, PDF p.1/index 0. High for form; legal effect limited. |
| S_MT-P29-C016 | P24-S019/S020 guidance limits | DPHHS’s $7/page and coordinator-reported MSU $8/2025 statements do not establish current 2026 recording fees; MSU’s $425,827 and prior-lien statements do not override DOR or J&L. | S019–S020, plus S010/S015. High as source-hierarchy qualification. |
PASS-29 subissue · Status · Claim links · 35 data rows
| PASS-29 subissue | Status | Claim links | Exact missing evidence / next action |
|---|---|---|---|
| §70-32-205 two-day service | Corrected | C001 | Actual petition, hearing date, and proof of service |
| Universal personal-service rule | Not established | C002 | Controlling case, court order, or docket-specific classification |
| Rule 4 versus Rule 5 | Unresolved | C002 | Whether petition is new proceeding or paper in existing case; claimant appearance/representation |
| Proof of service | Answered textually | C001 | Actual return, affidavit, acknowledgment, or court finding |
| Indivisible over-cap sale wording | Corrected to shall | C003 | Valid appraisal report and absence of stay |
| §213 execution-sale proceeds | Answered | C004 | Payment date and amount |
| §216 sale branch | Answered | C005 | Sale and traceability |
| §216 condemnation branch | Answered textually | C005 | Actual condemnation statute and payment |
| §216 casualty branch | Answered textually | C005 | Loss/damage/destruction and indemnification |
| Rule 22 security waiver | Qualified | C006 | Actual written stipulation and District Court stay order |
| Rule 22 Supreme Court motion | Answered | C007 | Actual District Court order-entry date |
| Rule 22 response | Answered | C007 | Actual Supreme Court filing date |
| Absolute-sale exception | Added | C008 | Actual estate sold and unexpired lease term |
| Debtor one-year redemption | Preserved | C009 | Sale date |
| Successive redemptioners | Added | C009 | Redemptioner status, payments, prior redemption dates |
| Added tax/assessment/lien notice | Added | C010 | Filed notice and underlying amounts |
| Deed after no redemption | Preserved | C011 | One-year expiration |
| Deed after a redemption | Completed | C011 | 60 days, no later redemption, notice, time expiration |
| Rents/profits credit | Preserved and clarified | C012 | Actual rents, taxes, repairs, and accounting |
| Five-day statement extension | Answered conditionally | C012 | Timely written demand and statement date |
| One-month nonresponse branch | Answered conditionally | C012 | Demand, failure/refusal, and accounting action |
| Fifteen-day post-determination branch | Answered conditionally | C012 | Final accounting determination |
| Small Claims source | Corrected | C013 | Actual Small Claims judgment and Justice route |
| Municipal route | Still unresolved | — | Current municipal-specific lien/execution authority |
| 2026 amount | Preserved at $425,828 | C014 | Operative current ARM body and legal rounding method |
| HIF equity instructions | Not imported | C014 | Execution valuation remains under actual execution/homestead law |
| Official Homestead3 form | Freshly inspected | C015 | No universal statutory signature rule |
| DPHHS instructions | Freshly inspected, stale fee flagged | C016 | Current recording statute controls |
| MSU guide | Not freshly accessible | C016 | No reliance beyond coordinator-reported limits |
| Core 15–38 source tokens | Repaired | Source-anchor table | None for locator rendering |
| Four original matrices | Re-rendered | C001–C016 | No substantive whole-report acceptance |
| All 10 examples | Preserved with listed wording patches | Effect table | Actual records and facts remain held |
| All 14 checked quantities | Preserved | — | Diagnostic unrounded calculation is not legal rule |
| Actual title, lien, sale, redemption, and service records | Unresolved | Original P24 holds | Private records remain outside scope |
| Local/tribal/country/sector rules | Excluded unchanged | — | Separate jurisdiction-specific work |
Read the evidence with its boundaries. These are saved research components, including revisions. A scoped coordinator review checks selected evidence; it does not certify every claim, a complete jurisdiction, current law or individual applicability. Dates and access limits remain attached to the records.
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Keep the source version, actual read extent and jurisdiction with the proposition. A link or researcher access claim is not a substitute for an operative primary passage.
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Recorded check status: not yet checked
Recorded check status: not yet checked
Recorded check status: not yet checked
Recorded check status: not yet checked
Recorded check status: not yet checked
Recorded check status: not yet checked
Recorded check status: not yet checked
The saved component-level coverage record keeps answered, partial, blank and unresolved branches distinct. A coverage label is not acceptance of a whole subject or jurisdiction.
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Recorded check status: recorded; no individual primary acceptance inferred
Read the evidence with its boundaries. These are saved research components, including revisions. A scoped coordinator review checks selected evidence; it does not certify every claim, a complete jurisdiction, current law or individual applicability. Dates and access limits remain attached to the records.
No currently queued material correction is mapped to this component. This does not remove its currentness, access, jurisdiction or application limits.
two Rule22 and redemptioner actor qualifications required
Inside: A. Substantive findings · 1. Classification and market access · 2. Consumer fees
Inside: A. Exact federal replacements and corrected source labels · 1. Replacement for PASS-01 paragraph 5 and claim C025 · 2. Replacement qualification for C026 — dedicated accounts
Inside:
Inside: Core determination · 1. Custody entry point and hybrid arrangements · Part 20 custody
Inside: Executive findings · 1. Covered models and security triggers · Part 20 — debt management and covered credit counseling
Inside: Core conclusions · Part 20 custodial DMP · Part 21 noncustodial settlement
Inside: Executive conclusions · Administrative licensing discipline · A2. Part 21 remains the noncustodial settlement branch
Inside: I. Executive determination · 1. No general standalone Montana “collection agency” license was identified · 2. The central Montana licensing trigger is the debt’s legal origin and the collector’s activity
Inside: 1. Montana does not present one universal debt-validation regime · 2. Montana Consumer Loan Act records and consumer-facing information · A. Payment receipts
Inside: I. Bottom-line findings · 2. Montana CRA accuracy and compliance duties · 3. Montana file access
Inside: I. Executive conclusions · Classification rule · 1. General accrual
Inside: Correction summary · Exact replacement text for PASS-04 Example 3 · Example 3 — Receipt before a valid signed DMP
Inside: I. Executive findings · A. Small Claims assignment restriction · B. Real party and entity representation
Inside: A. Correction summary · Exact replacement for the PASS-06 E-SIGN paragraph · Conditional E-SIGN and Montana-UETA relationship
Inside: I. Executive findings · A. Real party versus subject-matter jurisdiction · B. Cure, ratification, joinder, and substitution
Inside: I. Executive findings · A. Actor matrix · B. Assignment boundary
Inside: I. Core determinations · A. Montana statutory award requirements · B. Current AAA Consumer Rules—conditional only
Inside: I. Core conclusions · A. Prejudgment versus postjudgment interest · B. Montana default postjudgment formula
Inside: Correction determination · Exact replacement for PASS-07 Example 1 · Exact replacement for PASS-07 Example 2
Inside: Correction summary · Civil investigative demand and challenge procedure · Conditional CID workflow
Inside: I. Core determinations · A. Statutory definitions · B. Required versus voluntary payroll deductions
Inside: I. Core determinations · II. Court, actor, and account-route matrix · III. Montana ordinary bank-levy workflow
Inside: I. Core determinations · A. Current amount and category matrix · B. Exemption stacking rules
Inside: I. Core determinations · A. General seizure/exemption notice · B. General exemption request
Inside: Effect on the original PASS-21 · 1(a). Replacement for P21 VI.A notice-content paragraph · Statutory officer notice
Inside: I. Effect on the original PASS-22 · A. Exact replacement for PASS-22 core finding 5 and debtor-notice content · Montana officer notice after execution
Inside: Replacement for PASS-23 VI.A · Debtor notice after execution · Notice claim-cell effect
Inside: I. Effect on original PASS-27 · Montana notification of seizure — §25-13-211 · Unchanged §25-13-212 conditions
Original saved Markdown SHA-256: 91622f4c06357f9450ffe5ceb63c9fbfe7c7e8dbd818756c8b2fd012d96705c9. Public formatting, private-reference removal and correction annotations are separate from that immutable original.