SettleADebt C_BR PASS-18 — Brazil
Ordinary civil commencement and service-of-process gateway
Reviewed component: The commencement-and-service portion of P01 D15 only.
Research dates: October 26, 2026, America/Los_Angeles; October 27, 2026, UTC.
Source-specific opening times: Unknown. Publication dates, document dates and workflow timestamps are not treated as source-opening times.
Working assumption: An ordinary private claim for payment proceeding under the CPC’s procedimento comum. This is not an execution-title, ação monitória, small-claims, insolvency, tax-enforcement or family-support procedural opinion. Those procedures can have different initiating documents, service instructions and response periods.
No actual party, address, account, registration, lawyer, creditor, debtor, proceeding or docket was searched. No filing, service attempt, account access, complaint or other external action occurred. No conclusion from an unreviewed sibling report is adopted.
Principal findings
Filing, service and later notification are different events. The action is proposed when the initial petition is filed; citação brings the defendant into the procedural relationship; intimação communicates later procedural acts. Filing alone does not establish valid service or start every defense period. C_BR-P18-C014, C021. CPC arts. 238, 269 and 312:
https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2015/lei/l13105.htm. Planalto
The electronic reading clocks are not interchangeable.
| Communication/recipient |
Rule established by the bodies read |
| Electronic citation under the ordinary non-public branch |
Failure to confirm within three business days leads to another service method; it is not automatic completed citation. |
| Citation of a legal person governed by public law |
If not consulted within ten calendar days, the entity is deemed cited at the end of that period. |
| Other communications requiring personal notification |
If not opened within ten calendar days, notification is deemed completed at the end of that period. |
| Electronic citation timely confirmed |
The statutory response-start marker is the fifth business day after confirmation. |
| Notification not requiring personal receipt |
DJEN publication governs; a parallel message is informational. |
A publicly owned company is not necessarily a public-law legal person. Its legal nature must be identified before applying the ten-calendar-day public-entity rule. C024–C038. CPC arts. 231(IX), 246; CNJ Resolution 455 arts. 11, 18 and 20 as amended by Resolution 569:
https://www.stj.jus.br/internet_docs/biblioteca/clippinglegislacao/Res_pres_569_2024_CNJ.pdf. STJ+1
A failure to acknowledge a private-company electronic citation is not a safe way to avoid proceedings. The court can use postal service, an officer, service by the clerk when the person appears, or—only when its own prerequisites are met—edital. The recipient must explain a just cause for nonconfirmation at the first opportunity; unjustified nonconfirmation can attract the statutory fine. C024–C025, C031. CPC art. 246 §§1-A–1-C. Planalto
Constructive service can be legally effective without actual reading, but only through the prescribed route. Hora certa requires unsuccessful visits plus suspected concealment and additional formalities. Edital requires the statutory unknown-person/location or other legal predicate, adequate search efforts and the prescribed publication. “The defendant did not answer an email” does not itself satisfy those conditions. C043–C048. CPC arts. 252–259. Planalto
A service defect does not automatically erase the debt or nullify the entire proceeding. Voluntary appearance can cure missing or defective citation; objections, prejudice, the purpose of the act and dependent subsequent acts must be assessed. Conversely, an invalid initial citation cannot be dismissed as harmless merely because a creditor says the defendant “probably knew.” C053–C058. CPC arts. 239, 276–283 and 337(I). Planalto+1
The general common-procedure defense period is fifteen business days, but its trigger is not always service. Under art. 335 it may run from the unsuccessful conciliation hearing, the defendant’s qualifying request to cancel that hearing, or the applicable art. 231 service event. No actual defense deadline is determined here. C059–C061. Planalto
1. Currentness, operative bodies and limits
1.1 Amendment and commencement crosswalk
| Instrument |
Material effect |
Status at access |
| CPC, Lei 13.105/2015 |
General commencement, representation, costs, petition, service, notifications and time-counting rules. |
Current compiled body read. Art. 1.045 provides a one-year period after official publication; footer identifies DOU March 17, 2015. No exact effective-date calculation made. |
| Lei 11.419/2006 |
Electronic proceedings, electronic publication, portal consultation, personal notifications and electronic citation subject to safeguards. |
Enacted body read. Art. 22 provides 90 days after publication; footer identifies DOU December 20, 2006. |
| Lei 14.195/2021 |
Added current electronic-citation priority, acknowledgment/fallback provisions, art. 231(IX), and art. 238’s institutional service target. |
Material amendments in art. 44 read; relevant provisions effective upon publication under art. 58(V), DOU August 27, 2021. |
| Lei 14.879/2024 |
Restricts forum-selection clauses and abusive choice of an unrelated court. |
Arts. 1–2 read; effective on publication, DOU June 5, 2024. |
| Lei 15.109/2025 |
Specific advance-cost rule concerning lawyers’ fee-collection proceedings. |
Read as a special exception, not a general fee waiver for every debt claim; effective on publication, DOU March 14, 2025. |
| CNJ Resolution 455/2022 |
National services portal, DJEN and Domicílio framework. |
Original operative body read from an official STJ-hosted copy. Art. 28 says effect on publication; the reproduced journal header shows availability on May 2, 2022. Exact legal publication-day conversion was not independently established. |
| CNJ Resolution 569/2024 |
Separates DJEN and personal electronic communications; adds public-entity deemed citation and confirmed-citation response trigger. |
Full operative amendment read. Art. 6 says effect on publication; official STJ index identifies DJe August 15, 2024. Its original 90-day adaptation period is not proof of current implementation in every court. |
| CNJ Resolution 624/2025 |
Revises portal functions and technical transition arrangements, including judicial communications between courts. |
Full amendment read. Art. 3 says effect on publication. The exact publication date was not independently established from the reproduced body. It does not change art. 20’s reading periods. |
| Lei 15.479/2026 |
Future CPC changes concerning support-payment enforcement and associated technical provisions. |
Enacted but not yet operative at access: art. 4 provides one year after publication, DOU July 30, 2026. Not applied to this gateway. |
Primary URLs:
CPC: https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2015/lei/l13105.htm
2021 amendment: https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2019-2022/2021/lei/l14195.htm
Electronic-proceedings law: https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2004-2006/2006/lei/l11419.htm
2024 venue amendment: https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2023-2026/2024/lei/l14879.htm
2026 future law: https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2023-2026/2026/lei/l15479.htm.
Claims C001, C004, C020, C065–C068. Planalto+7
1.2 CNJ reconstruction and residual currentness hold
The direct CNJ HTML pages and consolidated PDF did not provide readable bodies. The relevant operative provisions were instead read from official STJ-hosted copies of:
- original Resolution 455;
- amending Resolution 569; and
- amending Resolution 624.
Thus the relevant rule text is supported by actual original-and-amendment bodies, not an assertion that the inaccessible consolidated CNJ PDF was read.
A later general CNJ consultation concerning the opening day of electronic reading periods was discovered, but its full official body and an official alternate were inaccessible. Its snippets are not adopted as a holding. Precise treatment of disputed sending/receipt dates and any later interpretive overlay remains a publication/application hold. C069, C079.
2. Judicial commencement
2.1 Jurisdiction and competent court
An ordinary private money claim is ordinarily in the state civil system unless a constitutional or statutory federal or specialized jurisdiction applies. This is a conditional classification, not an actual venue determination.
The Constitution’s art. 109(I) identifies material federal-party jurisdiction, with exceptions. State judicial organization remains relevant under art. 125. CPC arts. 42–45 require observance of constitutional, statutory and judicial-organization competence.
For personal rights and movable-property claims, CPC art. 46 generally points to the defendant’s domicile. Its paragraphs address multiple domiciles, unknown domicile, foreign domicile and multiple defendants. International jurisdiction remains a distinct question; an internal venue rule does not itself authorize service abroad.
C002–C003.
https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituicao.htm, arts. 109(I), 125.
https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2015/lei/l13105.htm, arts. 42–46. Planalto+2
Forum clauses after the 2024 amendment
A forum-selection clause must be written, expressly concern the specified transaction, and have the statutory connection with a party’s domicile/residence or the place of the obligation. The consumer-favorable qualification remains. Choosing an unrelated court is an abusive practice under the amended art. 63.
Absolute and relative incompetence must be distinguished; their objection and recognition rules are not identical. C004.
https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2023-2026/2024/lei/l14879.htm, arts. 1–2; CPC arts. 63–65. Planalto+1
Consumer qualification
CDC arts. 2–3 require the appropriate consumer/supplier nexus. CDC art. 101(I), concerning the consumer’s suit for supplier civil liability, is not a universal rule allowing a creditor to sue any consumer wherever the creditor prefers.
C005.
https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l8078compilado.htm, arts. 2–3, 101(I). Planalto+1
2.2 Procedural capacity and representation
CPC arts. 70–76 distinguish capacity to participate in proceedings from representation:
- an incapable person is represented or assisted as legally required;
- a special curator is appointed where the incapable person lacks a representative or the representative’s interests conflict;
- legal persons and public bodies act through their prescribed representatives;
- defects in procedural capacity or representation ordinarily receive a judicial opportunity for correction before the applicable adverse consequence.
A defendant’s spouse may be a necessary party in the specific family-debt situations in art. 73. That does not make every spouse a debtor or require both spouses in every ordinary consumer-money claim.
C006–C009.
CPC arts. 70–76:
https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2015/lei/l13105.htm. Planalto+1
Counsel and receipt of citation
In ordinary civil proceedings, representation by a legally qualified lawyer is the general rule; a person can act personally only where legally qualified or a special statute permits it. A general litigation power of attorney does not automatically include power to receive citation: CPC art. 105 requires a specific clause for that act.
Receipt of citation by an authorized lawyer is different from voluntary appearance by the defendant, which has its own statutory effect under art. 239 §1. C008, C055. Planalto
2.3 Initial petition
Under art. 319, the initial petition identifies:
- the court;
- the parties and specified identifying/contact information;
- facts and legal grounds;
- the requested relief;
- the amount in controversy;
- intended evidence; and
- the claimant’s option concerning conciliation or mediation.
Article 320 requires documents indispensable to the action. What is indispensable depends on the claim; this report does not certify an actual contract, assignment chain, balance or title.
Missing defendant information is not always fatal. The claimant may request judicial assistance in obtaining information; a petition should not be rejected merely for unavailable identifying details where service remains possible or obtaining them would make access to justice impossible or excessively burdensome.
C010–C012.
CPC arts. 319–320, full URL above. Planalto
Amendment before rejection
If the petition fails the statutory requirements or contains defects impairing judgment, the judge must identify precisely what needs correction and allow 15 days to amend. The procedural-day rule ordinarily makes this 15 business days. Failure to comply can lead to rejection.
This is a petition-correction period, not a payment or defense period. C013. CPC art. 321; arts. 219, 224. Planalto
2.4 Filing, registration and distribution
The action is proposed when the petition is filed. Registry and distribution identify the proceeding and allocate it under the court’s organizational rules. Competence is generally fixed at registration/distribution, with statutory exceptions; prevention follows the applicable registration/distribution rule.
A protocol receipt proves submission, not acceptance of the claim’s merits, payment of all costs, correct court selection or service on the defendant.
C014–C015. CPC arts. 43, 59, 284–287, 312; CNJ 455 art. 3.
https://www.stj.jus.br/internet_docs/biblioteca/clippinglegislacao/Res_455_2022_CNJ.pdf. Planalto+2
For a collection action, art. 292(I) addresses the value assigned to the case by reference to the claimed principal, accrued interest and penalties up to filing. That procedural valuation does not establish that the claimed debt is substantively correct. C016. Planalto
2.5 Court costs and fee assistance
The ordinary rule is that parties advance expenses for acts they request or perform, subject to legal-aid provisions. Under art. 290, failure to pay entry expenses within 15 days after the prescribed notification through counsel can lead to cancellation of distribution. The application of that rule must account for a pending or granted legal-aid request.
No uniform national filing fee was established. Actual fees depend on the competent court, local schedule, claim value and requested acts.
C017. CPC arts. 82 and 290. Planalto+1
Natural and legal persons, Brazilian or foreign, can qualify for gratuidade da justiça where resources are insufficient. The presumption attached to an insufficiency declaration is limited to a natural person; the court can require evidence before refusing relief. A privately retained lawyer does not itself bar legal aid.
Aid may be partial or structured by reduction/installments. It does not automatically eliminate responsibility for adverse costs, and it does not excuse procedural fines. C018–C019. CPC arts. 98–99. Planalto
Lei 15.109/2025’s special amendment concerning lawyers’ fee proceedings is not a universal advance-cost exemption for all ordinary debt claimants. C020.
https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2023-2026/2025/lei/l15109.htm. Planalto
3. Citation: actor, recipient and method
3.1 Citation versus intimation
Citação summons the defendant, executed debtor or interested person into the procedural relationship. Intimação informs someone of acts and terms of an existing proceeding.
The following therefore require different classification:
- a creditor’s private demand;
- a court citation;
- a lawyer’s DJEN notification;
- a personal court notification;
- an email alert announcing a platform message;
- and a court’s service certificate.
An ordinary collection email is not transformed into judicial citation merely by using a court-like layout. C021, C029–C030. CPC arts. 238, 269; CNJ 455 art. 26. STJ+1
3.2 Judicial service targets are not defense deadlines
CPC art. 238’s sole paragraph says citation is to be completed within 45 days from filing. Article 246 gives a preferred electronic-citation dispatch period of up to two business days from the decision ordering it.
Neither provision means:
- the debt is forgiven after the period;
- an unserved defendant has already defaulted;
- the claimant automatically wins;
- or the defendant has only two or 45 days to defend.
C022–C023. CPC arts. 238 sole paragraph and 246 caput. Planalto+1
3.3 Personal recipient and representative
Citation is generally personal, but may be made to the legal representative or a duly authorized attorney. Article 242 contains limited representative exceptions, including an agent or administrator for an action originating in that person’s acts when the person to be served is absent. Public-law entities are cited through the public legal office responsible for judicial representation.
Those provisions do not authorize service on every employee, family member, debt adviser or accountant. C007–C008, C038. CPC arts. 75, 105 and 242. Planalto+1
3.4 Postal citation
| Recipient |
Ordinary statutory rule |
Material limitation |
| Natural person |
Delivery to the person being cited, with receipt signature. |
A neighbor’s or relative’s signature is not automatically equivalent. |
| Legal person |
Delivery to a person with general management/administration powers or an employee responsible for receiving correspondence can suffice. |
The recipient’s role, address and authenticity still require proof. |
| Condominium or controlled-access development |
Delivery to the porter responsible for correspondence can be valid. |
The porter may refuse in writing, under legal responsibility, stating that the addressee is absent. |
| Public-law entity or incapable person |
Article 247’s exceptions require attention to the proper mode and representative. |
Do not apply ordinary postal rules indiscriminately. |
The letter must carry the required petition/order material and information enabling the defendant to understand the action and response obligation. C039–C041. CPC arts. 247–248. Planalto
3.5 Officer service
An oficial de justiça is used in statutory exceptions or after failed postal service. The warrant identifies the parties, purpose, applicable response instruction, relevant hearing and petition/order material. The officer seeks the addressee, delivers the copy and certifies receipt or refusal and acknowledgment or refusal to sign.
Refusal to sign does not necessarily defeat properly completed officer service; the officer’s certificate becomes important evidence. C042. CPC arts. 249–251. Planalto
3.6 Service by hora certa
This route requires more than inability to locate a person:
- The officer sought the person at domicile or residence twice without finding them.
- There is suspicion of concealment.
- A family member—or, failing one, a neighbor—is told the officer will return on the next business day at a specified hour. A qualifying porter can receive that preliminary communication.
- The officer returns at that time, investigates the absence and performs the statutory certification/delivery steps.
- The warrant warns of appointment of a special curator in the relevant nonappearance situation.
- Within ten days after the completed warrant is filed, the clerk sends a letter, telegram or electronic correspondence explaining the event.
The second communication is not a substitute for the earlier required steps. C043–C044. CPC arts. 252–254. Planalto
3.7 Citation by edital
Edital is available where:
- the person is unknown or uncertain;
- the location is unknown, uncertain or inaccessible; or
- another law expressly allows it.
An unknown location requires unsuccessful efforts to locate the defendant, including judicial requests to public bodies or utility databases as appropriate under art. 256 §3. One returned letter is not automatically enough.
The statutory form includes:
- justification of the legal predicate;
- publication on the court’s website and the national platform as prescribed;
- a judicially fixed interval of 20–60 days, running from the prescribed publication event;
- certification; and
- the special-curator warning.
Under CNJ 569, electronic edital publication belongs in DJEN, not an unopened private Domicílio inbox.
C045–C048. CPC arts. 256–259; CNJ 455 art. 18 as amended. Planalto+1
The exact edital interval, day-count treatment, publication certificates and response calculation require the actual order. No edital deadline is calculated here.
3.8 Special curator and absence of actual knowledge
CPC art. 72 requires a special curator for the qualifying unrepresented incapable person and, while no lawyer has been constituted, the defaulting imprisoned defendant or defendant served by edital or hora certa. This identifies a procedural safeguard; it does not decide the merits or every consequence of default.
Thus “I did not personally read it” is neither a universal defense nor proof of valid service. The relevant constructive-service mechanism and safeguards must be established. C009, C048. Planalto
3.9 Protected situations and inability to receive
Except to prevent loss of a right, art. 244 restricts citation:
- during participation in religious worship;
- of the specified close relatives/partner of a deceased person on the death day and seven following days;
- during the first three days after marriage; and
- of a seriously ill person while the serious condition persists.
Article 245 separately addresses a person unable to receive citation. The officer records the circumstances; the judge uses the statutory medical/curator procedure, including its family-medical-declaration alternative. Citation can then be made through the appointed curator.
No incapacity or medical conclusion is drawn from age, disability, refusal or a collector’s description. C049–C050. Planalto
3.10 Outside the territorial district and abroad
Postal service is not limited to the forum’s municipality. Judicial cooperation and cartas permit acts outside the deciding court’s territorial limits. Article 255 additionally permits an officer to act across adjoining districts of easy communication or within the same metropolitan region.
Foreign service is different. International jurisdiction, treaties, central authorities, translations, carta rogatória, direct assistance and the receiving state’s requirements remain held. CPC art. 243’s “wherever found” wording is not a generic authorization to serve abroad by any method.
C051–C052. CPC arts. 13, 21–41, 67–69, 236–237, 247 and 255. Planalto+2
4. Electronic citation, Domicílio and DJEN
4.1 Registered recipient categories
The current framework requires registration for the specified public entities and public/private companies. Micro and small enterprises’ REDESIM electronic information can be used under the statutory exception; this is not a blanket exemption from electronic citation.
Natural-person registration is optional under Resolution 455. Optional enrollment does not mean a registered natural person may disregard a duly issued communication.
No actual registration, CPF, CNPJ, account, email address or authorized account user was checked. C026–C028, C070.
Primary bodies: CPC art. 246 §§1–2, 5–6; CNJ 455 arts. 16–19.
https://www.stj.jus.br/internet_docs/biblioteca/clippinglegislacao/Res_455_2022_CNJ.pdf. STJ+1
4.2 Private-company and ordinary non-public citation
CPC art. 246 §1-A speaks of three business days from receipt to confirmation. Resolution 455 art. 20 §3 speaks of three business days from sending to the Domicílio. The legally relevant platform record and correspondence between sending, availability and receipt must therefore be established; they are not silently treated as identical facts.
If confirmation does not occur, the platform generates the absence-of-citation information and service proceeds through the statutory fallback route. It is not automatically completed by a ten-calendar-day rule for private companies.
At the first opportunity, the recipient must explain just cause for failing to confirm. Without just cause, the court may impose the art. 246 §1-C fine of up to 5% of the amount in controversy. No fine or amount is determined here.
C024–C025, C031. CPC art. 246 §§1-A–1-C; CNJ 455 art. 20 §3. Planalto+1
4.3 Public-law legal persons
Resolution 569 added art. 20 §3-A:
- if a public-law legal person does not consult the citation within ten calendar days from sending to Domicílio;
- it is automatically considered cited at the end of that period;
- CPC art. 219’s business-day rule does not apply to that reading period.
This category depends on legal nature—not simply government share ownership, a public logo or a regulated status. C032, C038. stj.jus.br
For a timely consultation, §3-B supplies the fifth-business-day response-start rule. For automatic service after nonconsultation, the actual response computation requires the applicable CPC service trigger, public-entity period privileges and certified event. The five-day confirmation interval is not automatically added where there was no confirmation.
4.4 Other personal notifications
For communications requiring personal notification other than the specific citation branches, Resolution 455 art. 20 §4, as amended, provides deemed completion after ten calendar days without opening. Lei 11.419 art. 5 also supplies the consultation/certification framework.
A court’s ordinary notification to counsel through DJEN is not automatically this personal-notification branch. C033, C036.
https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2004-2006/2006/lei/l11419.htm, art. 5. STJ+1
4.5 Timely confirmation and fifth business day
Under CPC art. 231(IX) and CNJ 455 art. 20 §3-B, the response-start marker for timely confirmed electronic citation is the fifth business day following confirmation.
This marker is not itself the final defense deadline. It must be coordinated with:
- the applicable procedural route;
- art. 335’s hearing/cancellation alternatives;
- art. 224 counting rules;
- multiple-party situations;
- public or Defensoria privileges;
- court holidays and suspensions; and
- the actual authenticated confirmation.
C034, C059–C064. Planalto+1
4.6 Consultation on a non-business day
Resolution 455 art. 20 §1 treats the relevant consultation on a non-business day as occurring on the next business day. The complete calendar and the certificate must be checked before applying a response clock. C035. STJ
4.7 DJEN publication
When the law does not require personal view or notification, the current CNJ rule uses DJEN publication; simultaneous email or another notice is informational.
Under Lei 11.419 art. 4 and CPC art. 224:
- availability in the journal is not necessarily the publication date;
- publication is deemed on the next business day after availability; and
- procedural counting ordinarily begins on the next business day after publication.
A website’s “posted” timestamp must not be substituted automatically for those dates. C030, C036. STJ+1
4.8 Content, access and alerts
Electronic citation requires the legal safeguards, including access to the complete case material under Lei 11.419 art. 6. The CNJ framework uses CPF/CNPJ identification, communication records and minimum information identifying the court, case, act and response instruction.
Email, SMS or app alerts under Resolution 455 art. 26 are informational. A scam-like email is not authenticated merely because it mentions a case number; conversely, deleting an alert does not necessarily prevent a valid platform event.
C029, C037. Planalto+1
4.9 Rollout and local implementation
Official TRF1 guidance dated May 16, 2025 describes the national transition to Domicílio/DJEN and says courts not yet integrated must manually certify counting under the new rules. That guidance is not proof that every court’s actual integration, portal event or certificate works correctly.
Resolution 624 subsequently altered portal functions and permitted gradual technical adaptation under Presidency instruments. Those local/technical implementation instruments were not comprehensively read.
C067, C070, C076, C079.
https://www.trf1.jus.br/trf1/noticias/prazos-processuais-passam-a-ser-contados-exclusivamente-pelo-dje-ou-djen-a-partir-desta-sexta-16-. TRF1+1
5. Effects, defects and response-clock boundary
5.1 Valid citation
CPC art. 239 generally makes valid citation indispensable, subject to rejection of the petition and preliminary dismissal of the claim. Article 240 addresses litispendência, the thing becoming litigated and default-related substantive effects, with its express Civil Code qualifications.
The prescription-interruption provisions in art. 240 have separate order, filing, claimant-diligence and court-delay predicates. They are identified only as a boundary; PASS-18 does not calculate or approve an underlying limitation period.
C053–C054. CPC arts. 239–240. planalto.gov.br
5.2 Voluntary appearance
Voluntary appearance by the defendant or executed debtor can cure missing or defective citation, with the response period beginning under art. 239 §1. Whether a particular act amounts to voluntary appearance requires the actual submission, representative authority and procedural posture.
A private call to the creditor, a message to a collector, or opening an unrelated webpage is not treated here as voluntary appearance in court.
C055. CPC art. 239 §1. planalto.gov.br
5.3 Invalid service and timely objection
Citation and intimation made without the prescribed requirements can be null. Procedural nullity normally must be raised at the first opportunity, with exceptions for defects the court must recognize itself and legitimate impediment.
CPC art. 337(I) expressly places inexistence or nullity of citation among preliminary defense matters. This does not justify importing an unrestricted waiver rule into a case where a defendant was never validly brought before the court.
C056. CPC arts. 278, 280 and 337(I). Planalto+1
5.4 Purpose and prejudice
The CPC distinguishes:
- the party responsible for the defect;
- whether the act achieved its essential purpose;
- whether prejudice resulted;
- which subsequent acts depend on the invalid act; and
- whether repetition is necessary.
Invalidating one act does not automatically invalidate every earlier or independent act. Equally, “no prejudice” cannot simply be asserted without examining whether the defendant had a real opportunity to defend.
C057. CPC arts. 188 and 276–283. Planalto+1
5.5 Defective later intimation
CPC art. 272 has its own rules for lawyer identification and designated recipients. Its §§8–9 address raising invalid intimation with the act being performed or seeking a new opportunity where access was necessary.
Article 274’s address-update presumption concerns intimation. It is not a universal cure for an initial citation sent to an unrelated person or address.
C058. CPC arts. 272–274. Planalto
5.6 General response trigger, without default merits
Under the common procedure, art. 335 allows 15 days for contestação, ordinarily business days under art. 219. The trigger may be:
- the unsuccessful conciliation/mediation hearing or last session;
- the defendant’s qualifying request to cancel it; or
- the applicable art. 231 service event in other cases.
For postal service, art. 231(I) uses filing of the acknowledgment of receipt; for officer service, filing of the completed warrant; for hora certa, the officer-warrant branch applies. Delivery, filing and response-start dates are therefore distinct.
Public-law entities and the Defensoria have specific doubled-period/personal-notification rules, subject to statutory exceptions. Multiple defendants can also change the start analysis.
C059–C061. CPC arts. 183, 186, 231 and 335. Planalto+1
5.7 Calendar and electronic filing
CPC art. 219 counts only business days for procedural periods expressed in days. Articles 216 and 220 address court holidays and the December 20–January 20 suspension. Article 224 excludes the starting day and includes the ending day, with closure/outage qualifications.
Electronic filing may occur until 24:00 on the final day, using the legally relevant court time. A platform receipt displaying Brasília time does not eliminate the need to identify the court’s applicable timezone and system rules.
Court-system unavailability can affect a deadline under the governing statute and regulation; the user’s own internet problem is not automatically equivalent.
C062–C064. CPC arts. 213, 216, 219–224; Lei 11.419 art. 10; CNJ 455 arts. 6–9. Planalto+2
6. Fourteen fictional workflows
All parties, addresses, communications and dates are invented. No record is obtained or legal outcome determined.
| Workflow |
Facts, actor and route |
Conditional result, adverse branch and required proof |
| H01 — Natural person personally signs postal receipt |
A natural-person defendant receives the petition/order letter and signs. C039, C060. |
Postal recipient requirement may be met. The response trigger is not automatically the delivery date: obtain the filed acknowledgment, hearing/order and art. 335 route. Wrong contents, identity or signature remain adverse branches. |
| H02 — Company mailroom employee |
A company’s employee responsible for correspondence receives the letter at its business address. C040. |
Article 248 §2 can permit this recipient. Obtain the employee’s function, address and delivery certificate. An unrelated contractor at an unrelated building is not automatically equivalent. |
| H03 — Neighbor signs for natural person |
A neighbor receives an ordinary postal letter while the defendant is absent. C039–C041. |
Do not presume valid personal postal citation. A separately completed hora certa process could have different rules, but none is stipulated. Obtain the receipt and exact service method. |
| H04 — Condominium porter |
A responsible porter accepts court correspondence for a resident. C041. |
The statutory substituted-recipient branch may apply. If the porter formally stated absence or the address was not the defendant’s residence, validity requires further inquiry. Obtain the porter’s role and any written refusal. |
| H05 — Natural person enrolled in Domicílio |
A natural person voluntarily registered and consults an authentic citation. C027, C034–C037. |
Optional registration does not make the communication optional. Identify the consultation certificate and applicable response trigger. An email alert alone does not establish consultation. |
| H06 — Private company does not confirm |
A private-law company fails to confirm within the applicable three-business-day period. C024–C025, C031. |
The ordinary result is fallback service, not automatic citation after ten days. Lack of just cause may attract a fine. Obtain sending/receipt records, availability, account authority and the subsequent service act. |
| H07 — Public-law entity does not consult |
A qualifying public-law entity leaves a valid Domicílio citation unread. C032, C038, C061. |
The ten-calendar-day deemed-citation rule can apply. The exact start/end certificate and public response privileges still matter. A state-owned private-law company cannot be assigned this rule merely from ownership. |
| H08 — Unknown address |
Mail returns “unknown”; the claimant asks immediately for edital. C045–C047. |
One failed letter does not establish exhausted location efforts. The court must assess statutory diligence. Obtain attempts, searches requested through lawful judicial channels and the judicial finding. No real search is performed here. |
| H09 — Suspected concealment |
An officer visits twice and records facts supporting concealment, then gives the required return warning. C043–C044. |
Hora certa may be available only if all return, certification, copy and follow-up steps occur. Two failed visits without concealment facts are insufficient for this hypothetical classification. |
| H10 — Edital without actual reading |
After adequate search and judicial order, the required edital is published; the defendant never sees it. C045–C048. |
Lack of actual reading does not alone defeat a properly completed constructive route. Publication, interval and special-curator safeguards must be checked. No default merits are decided. |
| H11 — Voluntary appearance through counsel |
Before completed citation, counsel authorized by the defendant files a substantive appearance. C008, C055. |
Article 239 §1 may cure the missing citation and activate a response clock. The filing’s nature and authority matter; mere informal creditor contact is not equivalent. |
| H12 — Defective service and prejudice |
A letter went to a wrong address; later the defendant learns of adverse proceedings and objects. C056–C058. |
Examine nonservice, first meaningful opportunity, voluntary appearance, access and prejudice. Neither automatic total nullity nor automatic waiver is established. Full reopening and post-judgment remedies are deferred. |
| H13 — Service outside the originating comarca |
Defendant lives in another Brazilian district; an officer from the origin cannot simply assume nationwide personal authority. C051–C052. |
Postal service, judicial cooperation, a carta or art. 255’s neighboring/metropolitan exception may apply. If abroad, a separate international route is needed. Obtain locations and order. |
| H14 — Defendant unable to receive |
An officer records that the proposed recipient cannot understand or receive citation; no valid representative is identified. C006, C009, C050. |
Apply the judicial medical/curator procedure, not a lay incapacity conclusion. A diagnosis, age or disability label alone does not establish the statutory facts. Obtain the certificate and judicial appointment. |
Workflow count: 14.
7. Three conditional date calculations
These are illustrative calendar models, not actual filing or defense deadlines. They assume the specified event is legally valid and certified. All relevant national, state, municipal and court holidays, closures, suspensions and system outages must be checked in an actual matter.
T01 — Fifteen business days to amend the initial petition
Assumptions: The claimant is validly intimated on Monday, August 3, 2026 of a precise art. 321 correction order. No holiday, closure or suspension occurs.
- Day 0, excluded: August 3.
- August 4–7: days 1–4.
- August 10–14: days 5–9.
- August 17–21: days 10–14.
- August 24: day 15.
15 business days after August 3, 2026 = Monday, August 24, 2026
If August 6 were a relevant court closure, with all other assumptions unchanged, the fifteenth business day would move to Tuesday, August 25. The actual final filing instant depends on the court’s timezone and applicable electronic-filing rules.
C071. CPC arts. 219, 224 and 321. Planalto+1
T02 — Private electronic acknowledgment branch
Assumptions: The authenticated citation was sent, available and received on Friday, October 16, 2026; those events are stipulated to coincide. The operative certificate excludes Friday and identifies the next business day as the first counting day. No holiday or outage intervenes.
- Day 0: Friday, October 16.
- Monday, October 19: business day 1.
- Tuesday, October 20: business day 2.
- Wednesday, October 21: business day 3.
Three business days = October 19 + October 20 + October 21
Conditional consequence: Without confirmation, the ordinary non-public branch proceeds to fallback service. October 21 is not a defense deadline or an automatic deemed-citation date.
If receipt/availability occurred later, or a controlling interpretation changes the certified opening day, the calculation must be rebased. The failed later CNJ interpretation source is not used to certify a disputed start.
C072. CPC art. 246 §1-A; CNJ 455 art. 20 §3. Planalto+1
T03 — Fifth-business-day marker after confirmation
Assumptions: Valid electronic confirmation occurs on Friday, October 16, 2026, within the applicable reading period. The art. 231(IX) branch applies and no holiday intervenes.
- October 19: following business day 1.
- October 20: day 2.
- October 21: day 3.
- October 22: day 4.
- October 23: day 5.
Fifth business day after confirmation = Friday, October 23, 2026
This identifies the statutory response-start marker, not the final contestation date. The final calculation still requires art. 335’s procedural branch, art. 224, any hearing, party privileges and the court calendar. No additional fifteen-day period is calculated here.
C073. CPC art. 231(IX); CNJ 455 art. 20 §3-B. Planalto+1
8. P01 D15 old-to-new crosswalk
Literal reviewed record
| # |
Named deferred family |
Gateway reference/status |
Exact next research action |
| D15 |
Court/service/default/judgment/appeal beyond capacity |
C027, C030; Deferred |
Map CPC, local procedure, notice, default and appeal rules in a separate litigation review. |
Coordinator status remains explicit_deferred_hold_preserved.
Narrow dispositions
| D15 component |
PASS-18 result |
Remaining gate |
| Commencement and petition |
Federal common-procedure framework identified. |
Actual cause, essential documents, court and filing rules. |
| Party capacity and representation |
CPC procedural rules read independently. |
Actual capacity, legal person, mandate and representative. |
| Fees and legal aid |
Federal gateway identified; no amounts quoted. |
Court schedule, value, evidence of resources and order. |
| Ordinary service |
Postal, officer, special-recipient, hour-certain and edital predicates identified. |
Actual attempts, recipient, certifications and order. |
| Electronic citation/notification |
Original CNJ framework plus material 569/624 amendments read. |
Full latest consolidation, interpretive gap, actual registration and implementation. |
| Response trigger |
General art. 231/335 boundary identified. |
Actual route, hearing, certificate, privileges and calendar. |
| Defect and cure |
Voluntary appearance, nullity and prejudice gateway identified. |
Actual conduct, objection and procedural posture. |
| Default merits, reopening, judgment and appeals |
Not completed. |
Separate later passes; no adverse-outcome prediction. |
Crosswalk count: nine logical items and nine physical data rows—one preserved record plus eight dispositions.
9. Source register
Common access metadata: All entries were accessed or attempted on October 26, 2026 PDT / October 27, 2026 UTC. Exact per-source clocks are unknown. HTML has no printed-page or zero-based PDF index. Failed routes supply no operative legal proposition.
9.1 Read bodies, guidance and indexes
| ID |
Issuer/title and full literal URL |
Edition/status, exact material read, commencement and limits |
| C_BR-P18-S001 |
Presidência, CPC, Lei 13.105/2015, compiled. https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2015/lei/l13105.htm |
Fresh operative selected body. Arts. 13, 17–18, 21–46, 59, 62–76, 77(VII), 82, 98–105, 183, 186, 188–199, 212–224, 230–259, 269–292, 312, 318–321, 334–337, 1045. Art. 1045: one year after official publication; DOU footer March 17, 2015. Incidental displayed provisions outside these ranges are not adopted. No full default/appeal/execution analysis. Planalto |
| S002 |
Presidência, Lei 14.195/2021. https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2019-2022/2021/lei/l14195.htm |
Fresh amending body. Art. 44’s relevant CPC amendments and art. 58(V); relevant effect on publication, DOU August 27, 2021. Other business-law and prescription changes excluded. Planalto+1 |
| S003 |
Presidência, Lei 11.419/2006. https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2004-2006/2006/lei/l11419.htm |
Fresh operative body, selected. Arts. 1–10 and 22: authentication, publication, consultation, personal notification, citation/full access, filing and outage. Art. 22: 90 days after publication; DOU December 20, 2006. No actual system audited. Planalto |
| S004 |
Presidência, Lei 14.879/2024. https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2023-2026/2024/lei/l14879.htm |
Fresh amendment. Arts. 1–2, CPC art. 63. Effect on publication, DOU June 5, 2024. No actual venue clause reviewed. Planalto |
| S005 |
Presidência, Lei 15.109/2025. https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2023-2026/2025/lei/l15109.htm |
Fresh narrow amendment. CPC art. 82 §3 and commencement; effect on publication, DOU March 14, 2025. Specific lawyer-fee branch only; no general fee exemption inferred. Planalto |
| S006 |
Presidência, Lei 15.479/2026. https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2023-2026/2026/lei/l15479.htm |
Fresh enacted-future body. Arts. 2 and 4; relevant amendments have one-year delayed effect after DOU July 30, 2026. Not used as current service law. planalto.gov.br |
| S007 |
Presidência, Constituição Federal, compiled. https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituicao.htm |
Fresh limited constitutional body. Arts. 109(I), 125 caput/§1 for federal/state competence. Promulgated October 5, 1988; no comprehensive amendment or jurisdiction review. Planalto+1 |
| S008 |
Presidência, CDC, Lei 8.078/1990, compiled. https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l8078compilado.htm |
Fresh limited nexus/venue boundary. Arts. 2–3, 101(I). Original commencement under art. 118 is not recalculated. No full consumer merits. Planalto+1 |
| S009 |
CNJ, Resolution 455, April 27, 2022, official STJ reproduction. https://www.stj.jus.br/internet_docs/biblioteca/clippinglegislacao/Res_455_2022_CNJ.pdf |
Fresh original operative PDF. Four pages; arts. 1–28 read, materially 3–9, 11–21, 24–28. Zero-based indices 1–3 visually inspected; printed folios absent. Header: DJe CNJ 101/2022, availability May 2, 2022; art. 28 effect on publication. Superseded clauses are replaced by S010/S011, not applied as original wording. STJ+1 |
| S010 |
CNJ, Resolution 569, August 13, 2024, official STJ reproduction. https://www.stj.jus.br/internet_docs/biblioteca/clippinglegislacao/Res_pres_569_2024_CNJ.pdf |
Fresh full amending PDF. Two pages; operative arts. 1–6 on zero-based index 1, visually inspected; preamble index 0 also inspected. Art. 6 effect on publication; S012 identifies DJe August 15, 2024. No actual 90-day implementation audit. stj.jus.br |
| S011 |
CNJ, Resolution 624, June 2, 2025, official STJ reproduction. https://www.stj.jus.br/internet_docs/biblioteca/clippinglegislacao/Res_624_2025_CNJ,pdf.pdf |
Fresh full amending PDF. Two pages, indices 0–1 inspected; arts. 1–3. Revises 455 arts. 3 and 25. Art. 3 effect on publication; exact publication date not independently fixed. No art. 20 clock amendment. STJ |
| S012 |
STJ library, Legislative clipping index containing CNJ 569. https://www.stj.jus.br/webstj/institucional/biblioteca/clipping/2Imprimir.asp?seq_edicao=5602 |
Fresh bibliographic index only. Entry identifies 569 and DJe August 15, 2024 and links its PDF. Not an additional operative rule or source-opening timestamp. STJ |
| S013 |
TRF1/SJBA, Explanation of Resolution 569 changes, September 26, 2024. https://www.trf1.jus.br/sjba/noticias/alterada-resolucao-cnj-que-disciplina-utilizacao-do-domicilio-judicial-eletronico-e-do-diario-de-justica-eletronico-nacional |
Fresh official guidance. Read substantive explanation of new arts. 18 and 20. Not a local calendar, fee or implementation certification. S010 controls the operative rule. TRF1 |
| S014 |
TRF1, Domicílio/DJEN rollout guidance, May 16, 2025. https://www.trf1.jus.br/trf1/noticias/prazos-processuais-passam-a-ser-contados-exclusivamente-pelo-dje-ou-djen-a-partir-desta-sexta-16- |
Fresh official guidance. Body lines 488–519; national transition and manual certification for unintegrated courts. Simplified prose is not used to override precise statutory counting. No institution list or actual account checked. TRF1 |
| S015 |
TJDFT, National CNJ resolutions index. https://www.tjdft.jus.br/institucional/relacoes-institucionais/informacoes/cnj/resolucoes-do-conselho-nacional-de-justica |
Fresh discovery/index only. Used to locate 455 and amendments. Not proof of exhaustive currentness or DF local implementation. TJDFT |
9.2 Failed or substantively unread routes
These rows preserve access limits. They are not additional authorities for the legal findings.
Source-register count: 27 rows: eight statutory/constitutional bodies, three CNJ operative/amending PDFs, four guidance/index records, and twelve failed or substantively unread routes.
10. Atomic claim/evidence register
All claims are PASS-qualified C_BR-P18-Cxxx. “S” references point to the full literal URLs above; pinpoints below identify the actual provision. A097 concerns actor/procedural capacity; A098 concerns rights, service, timing, proof and limits.
| Claim |
Area; atomic proposition and qualification |
Source/pinpoint |
| C001 |
A098. CPC art. 1045 provides one year after official publication; DOU footer March 17, 2015. No exact effective date computed. |
S001 art. 1045/footer. |
| C002 |
A097. Federal/state competence follows Constitution and CPC, not the creditor’s label alone. |
S007 arts. 109(I),125; S001 arts. 42–45. |
| C003 |
A098. Personal-right claims generally use defendant domicile, subject to art. 46 exceptions. |
S001 art. 46. |
| C004 |
A098. Current forum clauses require statutory connection; unrelated forum selection can be abusive. |
S004 art. 1; S001 arts. 63–65. |
| C005 |
A098. CDC consumer nexus and art. 101(I) are context-specific, not universal creditor venue permission. |
S008 arts. 2–3,101(I). |
| C006 |
A097. Procedural capacity/assistance and curable representation defects follow CPC70–76. |
S001 arts. 70–76. |
| C007 |
A097. Legal persons/public entities must be represented by the statutorily or constitutionally designated actor. |
S001 arts. 75,242. |
| C008 |
A097. Ordinary court representation requires qualified counsel; receipt of citation needs special mandate power. |
S001 arts. 103–105. |
| C009 |
A098. Special curator is required in the specified incapacity/conflict and constructive-service nonappearance branches. |
S001 art. 72. |
| C010 |
A098. Petition must supply art. 319’s court, party, facts, grounds, relief, value, evidence and hearing information. |
S001 art. 319. |
| C011 |
A098. Missing defendant identifiers can justify judicial assistance; they do not invariably require rejection. |
S001 art. 319 §§1–3. |
| C012 |
A098. Essential documents must accompany the petition; actual essentiality is claim-specific. |
S001 art. 320. |
| C013 |
A098. A precise correction order gives 15 procedural days to amend; noncompliance can lead to rejection. |
S001 arts. 321,219. |
| C014 |
A098. Filing proposes the action; defendant-facing effects remain linked to valid citation under the statutory scheme. |
S001 art. 312. |
| C015 |
A098. Registration/distribution/prevention are distinct from service and merits approval. |
S001 arts. 43,59,284–287; S009 art. 3. |
| C016 |
A098. Collection case value follows art. 292(I), not a judicial validation of the balance. |
S001 art. 292(I). |
| C017 |
A098. Costs ordinarily are advanced; unpaid entry costs after required counsel notification can cancel distribution. |
S001 arts. 82,290. |
| C018 |
A098. Legal aid covers qualifying insufficient-resource natural/juristic persons; natural-person allegation has a special presumption. |
S001 arts. 98–99. |
| C019 |
A098. Aid can be partial/installment-based and does not erase every adverse cost or fine. |
S001 art. 98 §§2–6. |
| C020 |
A098. The 2025 lawyer-fee cost provision is not generalized to ordinary debt claims. |
S005; S001 art. 82 §3. |
| C021 |
A098. Citation brings a party into the relationship; intimation communicates procedural acts. |
S001 arts. 238,269. |
| C022 |
A098. The 45-day citation provision is an institutional service target, not a defendant’s defense or forgiveness clock. |
S001 art. 238 sole paragraph. |
| C023 |
A098. Electronic citation is preferred within two business days of the ordering decision. |
S001 art. 246 caput; S002 art. 44. |
| C024 |
A098. Ordinary non-public nonconfirmation within three business days triggers alternative service. |
S001 art. 246 §1-A; S009 art. 20 §3. |
| C025 |
A098. Nonconfirmation requires a just-cause explanation; unjustified failure may incur a fine up to 5% of case value. |
S001 art. 246 §§1-B–1-C. |
| C026 |
A097. Specified public entities and public/private companies have registration duties. |
S001 art. 246 §§1–2; S009 art. 16. |
| C027 |
A097. Natural-person Domicílio registration is optional, not an exemption from valid enrolled communications. |
S009 art. 16 §2. |
| C028 |
A097. ME/EPP REDESIM provisions concern electronic data reuse and do not create blanket immunity. |
S001 art. 246 §§5–6; S009 art. 17. |
| C029 |
A098. Platform identification/content records differ from informational email/SMS alerts. |
S009 arts. 19,21,26. |
| C030 |
A098. Domicílio handles electronic citation/personal communications; nonpersonal publication and edital use DJEN. |
S010 arts. 1–2. |
| C031 |
A098. Unread private-company electronic citation does not automatically mature into ten-day deemed service. |
S001 art. 246 §1-A; S009 art. 20 §3; S010 art. 3. |
| C032 |
A098. Public-law entity nonconsultation yields deemed citation after ten calendar days from sending. |
S010 art. 3, new455 art. 20 §3-A. |
| C033 |
A098. Other required personal notifications are deemed completed after ten calendar days without opening. |
S010 art. 4; S003 art. 5 §3. |
| C034 |
A098. Timely confirmed electronic citation has a fifth-business-day response-start marker. |
S001 art. 231(IX); S010 art. 3, §3-B. |
| C035 |
A098. Consultation on a non-business day is treated under the next-business-day rule. |
S009 art. 20 §1. |
| C036 |
A098. DJEN availability, publication and first counting day are distinct. |
S003 art. 4 §§3–4; S001 art. 224; S010 art. 1. |
| C037 |
A098. Electronic citation requires the legally prescribed access/content/authentication safeguards. |
S003 arts. 6,9; S009 arts. 20–21. |
| C038 |
A097. Public-law entity category and public legal representation must be established; public ownership alone is insufficient. |
S001 arts. 75,183,242 §3; S010 §3-A. |
| C039 |
A098. Natural-person postal citation ordinarily requires delivery to the person and signed receipt. |
S001 art. 248 §1. |
| C040 |
A098. Legal-person postal receipt can be by qualifying manager/administrator or mail employee. |
S001 art. 248 §2. |
| C041 |
A098. Qualifying porter receipt is permitted, with the written-absence refusal provision. |
S001 art. 248 §4. |
| C042 |
A098. Officer service requires the warrant, delivery and certification formalities; refusal need not defeat it. |
S001 arts. 249–251. |
| C043 |
A098. Hora certa requires two unsuccessful visits plus concealment suspicion and scheduled-return notification. |
S001 art. 252. |
| C044 |
A098. Hora certa requires the return/copy/certificate safeguards and clerk follow-up within ten days from warrant filing. |
S001 arts. 253–254. |
| C045 |
A098. Edital requires unknown/uncertain person, unknown/inaccessible place or express law. |
S001 art. 256. |
| C046 |
A098. Unknown-location edital requires unsuccessful location efforts, including statutory judicial information requests. |
S001 art. 256 §3. |
| C047 |
A098. Edital requires statutory publication/certification and judge-set 20–60-day interval. |
S001 art. 257; S010 art. 2. |
| C048 |
A098. Constructive service can operate without actual reading, but special-curator and procedural safeguards remain. |
S001 arts. 72,253–257. |
| C049 |
A098. Protected religious, bereavement, marriage and serious-illness situations have art. 244 exceptions. |
S001 art. 244. |
| C050 |
A098. Inability to receive triggers officer certification and judicial medical/curator process, not a lay incapacity finding. |
S001 art. 245. |
| C051 |
A098. Domestic service outside the forum can use post, cooperation/letters or art. 255’s territorial exception. |
S001 arts. 67–69,236–237,247,255. |
| C052 |
A098. Foreign service requires separate international-jurisdiction/cooperation analysis. |
S001 arts. 13,21–41,237(II); full branch held. |
| C053 |
A098. Valid citation is generally indispensable and produces statutory effects subject to stated exceptions. |
S001 arts. 239–240. |
| C054 |
A098. Filing/order/citation prescription effects have separate diligence/retroactivity predicates; no limitation outcome is decided. |
S001 art. 240 §§1–4. |
| C055 |
A098. Voluntary court appearance can cure absent/defective citation and activate the statutory response trigger. |
S001 art. 239 §1. |
| C056 |
A098. Defective service can be null; first-opportunity objections and exceptions must be distinguished. |
S001 arts. 278,280,337(I). |
| C057 |
A098. Purpose, prejudice, causation of defect and dependence of later acts control nullity’s extent. |
S001 arts. 188,276–283. |
| C058 |
A098. Later-intimation rules and address presumptions are not universal initial-citation cures. |
S001 arts. 272–274. |
| C059 |
A098. Common-procedure contestation is ordinarily 15 business days, with art. 335’s alternative triggers. |
S001 arts. 219,334–335. |
| C060 |
A098. Mail/officer/clerk/edital/letter modes have distinct art. 231 start events. |
S001 arts. 231–232. |
| C061 |
A098. Multiple parties, public-law entities and Defensoria can alter response counting; statutory exceptions apply. |
S001 arts. 183,186,231 §§1–4,335 §§1–2. |
| C062 |
A098. Procedural periods expressed in days ordinarily use business days and exclude the starting day. |
S001 arts. 216,219,224. |
| C063 |
A098. Recess, court closure, obstruction and qualifying system failure can affect counting. |
S001 arts. 220–224; S003 art. 10; S009 arts. 6–9. |
| C064 |
A098. Electronic final-day filing uses the applicable court clock; protocol time is not proof of substantive compliance. |
S001 art. 213; S003 arts. 3,10; S009 art. 3. |
| C065 |
A098. The relevant 2021 CPC electronic-service amendments commenced on publication. |
S002 arts. 44,58(V), footer. |
| C066 |
A098. Resolution569’s operative body supplies the DJEN/Domicílio separation and public/personal deemed-service amendments. |
S010 arts. 1–6. |
| C067 |
A098. Resolution624 changes portal functions/technical transition, not art. 20 clocks. |
S011 arts. 1–3. |
| C068 |
A098. Lei15.479/2026 is enacted-future at access and is not applied as current ordinary service law. |
S006 arts. 2,4. |
| C069 |
A098. A later general CNJ reading-period interpretation remained body-unread; snippets are not a holding. |
S024,S027 access limits. |
| C070 |
A098. Actual registration, account user, sending, access and court integration were not verified. |
Research boundary; S014 guidance only. |
| C071 |
A098. T01’s August24 result depends on a valid August3 intimation and no excluded day. |
S001 arts. 219,224,321; fictional facts. |
| C072 |
A098. T02’s October21 result depends on stipulated coincident sending/receipt and certified opening day; it triggers fallback, not default. |
S001 art. 246 §1-A; S009 art. 20 §3; fictional facts. |
| C073 |
A098. T03’s October23 result is only the fifth-business-day marker, not a final response date. |
S001 art. 231(IX); S010 §3-B; fictional facts. |
| C074 |
A097. Procedural service rules do not confer debt-adviser, lawyer, collector or payment-provider permission. |
Scope boundary; CPC103–105 not provider licensing. |
| C075 |
A098. Default merits, reopening, judgment and appeals remain separate future work. |
D15 scope hold. |
| C076 |
A098. National law/guidance does not establish all state/DF/local fees, calendars or implementation. |
S001 art. 44; territorial hold. |
| C077 |
A098. No actual claim, capacity, recipient, address, service or deadline was assessed. |
Research boundary. |
| C078 |
A098. Publication/availability/effect/access dates and source-opening clocks remain separate. |
Source register. |
| C079 |
A098. Relevant CNJ text was reconstructed from read original/amending bodies; unread consolidation/later instruments remain held. |
S009–S011; S018,S024,S027. |
| C080 |
A098. No actual court calendar, closure or final filing instant was verified; no actual deadline or country acceptance follows. |
Research boundary. |
Atomic claim count: 80.
11. Granular core coverage
“Answered” means the narrow general rule was identified, not that an actual proceeding is valid.
| Row |
Required issue |
Claim refs |
Status; missing fact/body and next action |
| P18-G01 |
Ordinary common-procedure scope |
C014,C059,C075 |
Scoped; identify actual action type. |
| G02 |
Federal/state competence |
C002 |
Conditional; identify parties and constitutional nexus. |
| G03 |
Territorial venue |
C003 |
Obtain actual domiciles and obligation location. |
| G04 |
2024 forum clause |
C004 |
Inspect clause and statutory connection. |
| G05 |
Consumer venue |
C005 |
Classify consumer claim and direction of action. |
| G06 |
Natural-person procedural capacity |
C006 |
Actual capacity/assistance unknown. |
| G07 |
Juristic representation |
C007 |
Obtain constitutive/representative evidence. |
| G08 |
Public entity representation |
C007,C038 |
Identify legal nature and public legal office. |
| G09 |
Required counsel |
C008 |
Ordinary rule only; special-court exceptions held. |
| G10 |
Special power to receive citation |
C008 |
Obtain actual mandate. |
| G11 |
Curator for incapacity/conflict |
C009,C050 |
Obtain judicial findings/appointment. |
| G12 |
Representation defect cure |
C006 |
Inspect court order and response. |
| G13 |
Petition319 contents |
C010 |
Compare complete actual petition. |
| G14 |
Missing identifying data |
C011 |
Determine feasibility and requested judicial assistance. |
| G15 |
Essential documents |
C012 |
Actual cause/title/contract unknown. |
| G16 |
15-day petition correction |
C013 |
Need valid intimation, order and calendar. |
| G17 |
Filing/proposal |
C014 |
Obtain protocol; do not infer service. |
| G18 |
Registry/distribution |
C015 |
Local implementation unknown. |
| G19 |
Prevention/competence date |
C015 |
Obtain distribution record. |
| G20 |
Value of cause |
C016 |
Claimed amount not validated. |
| G21 |
Advance costs |
C017 |
Read court fee schedule. |
| G22 |
Nonpayment/cancellation |
C017 |
Need counsel notification and aid status. |
| G23 |
Legal aid natural person |
C018 |
Resources and declaration unknown. |
| G24 |
Legal aid legal person |
C018 |
Evidence of insufficiency required. |
| G25 |
Aid limits/installments |
C019 |
Actual order required. |
| G26 |
Special2025 fee exception |
C020 |
Do not generalize to ordinary debt. |
| G27 |
Citation/intimation distinction |
C021 |
Classify actual communication. |
| G28 |
45-day institutional target |
C022 |
Not defense/default clock. |
| G29 |
Preferred e-citation2days |
C023 |
Need ordering decision/date. |
| G30 |
Mandatory registration |
C026 |
Actual legal category unknown. |
| G31 |
Natural-person optional registration |
C027 |
Actual enrollment not checked. |
| G32 |
ME/EPP REDESIM |
C028 |
No company/registry lookup. |
| G33 |
CPF/CNPJ identification |
C029 |
Actual linkage/authentication unknown. |
| G34 |
Alert versus legal communication |
C029,C037 |
Obtain platform certificate, not alert alone. |
| G35 |
Domicílio/DJEN allocation |
C030 |
Rule answered; actual channel unknown. |
| G36 |
Three-business-day branch |
C024 |
Sending/receipt event must be proved. |
| G37 |
Nonconfirmation fallback |
C024,C031 |
No automatic private citation. |
| G38 |
Just cause/fine |
C025 |
Judicial assessment and facts required. |
| G39 |
Public-law ten-calendar-day rule |
C032,C038 |
Verify legal nature and certificate. |
| G40 |
Other personal notifications |
C033 |
Do not confuse with initial private citation. |
| G41 |
Fifth-business-day marker |
C034 |
Actual confirmation and art335 branch required. |
| G42 |
Nonbusiness consultation |
C035 |
Court calendar and certificate required. |
| G43 |
DJEN availability/publication |
C036 |
Obtain both dates. |
| G44 |
Complete case access |
C037 |
Actual availability not inspected. |
| G45 |
Recipient authority |
C007,C008,C038 |
Actual role/mandate required. |
| G46 |
Natural-person postal receipt |
C039 |
Obtain addressee/signature. |
| G47 |
Corporate mail recipient |
C040 |
Prove statutory role/address. |
| G48 |
Porter receipt/refusal |
C041 |
Obtain role and written refusal, if any. |
| G49 |
Officer fallback |
C042 |
Read warrant and certificate. |
| G50 |
Refusal to sign/copy |
C042 |
Officer’s actual certification required. |
| G51 |
Two unsuccessful visits |
C043 |
Not sufficient without concealment suspicion. |
| G52 |
Concealment predicate |
C043 |
Examine recorded facts. |
| G53 |
Scheduled return/family-neighbor notice |
C043–C044 |
Verify every step. |
| G54 |
Hora-certa follow-up10days |
C044 |
Warrant filing and dispatch proof needed. |
| G55 |
Edital person/location predicate |
C045 |
Judicial findings required. |
| G56 |
Address-search diligence |
C046 |
Actual lawful judicial efforts unknown. |
| G57 |
Edital publication |
C047 |
Court/DJEN/platform certificates needed. |
| G58 |
Edital20–60-day interval |
C047 |
Actual order and count held. |
| G59 |
No actual reading |
C048 |
Constructive route may apply only with safeguards. |
| G60 |
Constructive-service curator |
C009,C048 |
Appointment/counsel status unknown. |
| G61 |
Protected art244 situations |
C049 |
Individual facts and urgency exception unknown. |
| G62 |
Inability to receive |
C050 |
Judicial—not lay—determination required. |
| G63 |
Outside comarca |
C051 |
Identify cooperation/letter or255 route. |
| G64 |
Foreign service |
C052 |
Treaty/central-authority module held. |
| G65 |
Valid-citation effects |
C053 |
Actual validity and exceptions unknown. |
| G66 |
Limitation relation-back boundary |
C054 |
Full prescription module deferred. |
| G67 |
Voluntary appearance |
C055 |
Actual filing and authority required. |
| G68 |
Nonservice/nullity objection |
C056 |
First opportunity/exceptions require record. |
| G69 |
Prejudice/purpose |
C057 |
No automatic harmlessness or whole-case nullity. |
| G70 |
Later-intimation defect |
C058 |
Apply272, not initial-citation shortcut. |
| G71 |
Old-address presumption |
C058 |
Intimation scope only. |
| G72 |
Common defense15days |
C059 |
Not universal across all debt procedures. |
| G73 |
Hearing/cancellation trigger |
C059 |
Actual334/335 branch required. |
| G74 |
Postal/warrant filing trigger |
C060 |
Obtain filed certificate dates. |
| G75 |
Multiple defendants/privileges |
C061 |
Actual parties and representation unknown. |
| G76 |
Business/calendar days |
C062 |
Classify each clock separately. |
| G77 |
Recess/closure |
C063 |
Local calendar unexamined. |
| G78 |
E-filing24h/timezone/outage |
C064 |
Court clock and official outage record needed. |
| G79 |
2021/2024/2025 changes |
C004,C020,C065–C067 |
Relevant bodies read; later full consolidation held. |
| G80 |
Future2026 law |
C068 |
Not applied as operative service law. |
| G81 |
H01 natural postal |
C039,C060 |
Completed conditional workflow. |
| G82 |
H02 corporate mailroom |
C040 |
Completed conditional workflow. |
| G83 |
H03 wrong neighbor |
C039–C041 |
Completed conditional workflow. |
| G84 |
H04 porter |
C041 |
Completed conditional workflow. |
| G85 |
H05 natural electronic |
C027,C034–C037 |
Completed conditional workflow. |
| G86 |
H06 private unconfirmed |
C024–C025,C031 |
Completed conditional workflow. |
| G87 |
H07 public unread |
C032,C038,C061 |
Completed conditional workflow. |
| G88 |
H08 unknown address |
C045–C047 |
Completed conditional workflow. |
| G89 |
H09 hora certa |
C043–C044 |
Completed conditional workflow. |
| G90 |
H10 edital/no reading |
C045–C048 |
Completed conditional workflow. |
| G91 |
H11 appearance |
C008,C055 |
Completed conditional workflow. |
| G92 |
H12 defect/prejudice |
C056–C058 |
Completed conditional workflow. |
| G93 |
H13 outside territory |
C051–C052 |
Completed conditional workflow. |
| G94 |
H14 inability/curator |
C006,C009,C050 |
Completed conditional workflow. |
| G95 |
T01–T03 arithmetic |
C071–C073,C080 |
Three conditional calculations; no actual deadline. |
| G96 |
D15/currentness/publication holds |
C069,C074–C080 |
Narrow augmentation only; no component acceptance. |
Core-coverage count: 96.
12. Separately deferred families
| Row |
Deferred family |
Exact next research action |
| P18-D01 |
Default merits and consequences |
Research only after service/representation facts are established. |
| D02 |
Reopening, rescission and post-judgment nonservice remedies |
Identify procedural posture, finality and applicable action. |
| D03 |
Judgment requirements and merits |
Separate substantive/procedural review. |
| D04 |
Appeals and finality |
Read appeal-specific triggers, forms and court rules. |
| D05 |
Execution, monitória and enforcement titles |
Classify instrument and special initiating/response procedure. |
| D06 |
Small-claims and special courts |
Read actual eligibility, representation and service rules. |
| D07 |
Superendividamento creditor participation/nonappearance |
Separate statutory consumer-procedure pass. |
| D08 |
Insolvency, recuperação and falência |
Identify proceeding, stay and specialized service. |
| D09 |
Public/tax/support/student claims |
Apply separate public or family-law procedure. |
| D10 |
Foreign service and recognition |
Read applicable treaty, central-authority and foreign requirements. |
| D11 |
Actual local venue/judicial organization |
Read competent state/federal court organization. |
| D12 |
Local court fees and exemptions |
Obtain current official schedule and actual claim value. |
| D13 |
Local calendars, closures and outages |
Obtain authenticated court calendar and certificates. |
| D14 |
Local e-filing and Domicílio integration |
Read current court implementation and authorized user rules. |
| D15 |
Later CNJ reading-period interpretation |
Obtain readable full body of the discovered general consultation/notice. |
| D16 |
Full latest CNJ consolidation and implementation portarias |
Reopen official consolidation and applicable Presidency instruments. |
| D17 |
Consumer contract validity, fees and cancellation |
PASS-04 remains unreviewed; no adoption. |
| D18 |
Prescription and substantive default |
PASS-05 remains unreviewed; art240 boundary is not full review. |
| D19 |
Payment, settlement and release |
PASS-09 remains unreviewed. |
| D20 |
Collection communications |
PASS-10 remains unreviewed. |
| D21 |
LGPD and reporting |
PASS-08 and sector modules remain separate. |
| D22 |
Surety, co-debtor and spouse merits |
PASS-16 unreviewed; actual joinder/liability requires separate analysis. |
| D23 |
OAB/provider/financial/payment permission |
Court-service rules do not establish operating authority. |
| D24 |
Securities, secured claims, property and homestead |
Apply separate substantive and procedural regimes. |
| D25 |
Full evidence, damages, sanctions and remedies |
Obtain actual record and precise cause of action. |
| D26 |
Actual private records and service proof |
None accessed; only under separate authority. |
| D27 |
Exhaustive citator, later amendments and foreign law |
Recheck before actual reliance. |
| D28 |
Full country/component/A066/A097/A098/parent acceptance |
HOLD. Separate coordinator review required. |
Deferred-family count: 28.
13. All 27 inherited states and Distrito Federal
The names are inherited from the preserved P01 inventory; no new geography API or territorial certification was used.
For every row below, local judicial organization, actual court selection, filing system, fees, legal-aid implementation, holidays, closures, service practice and e-filing/Domicílio integration remain unexamined unless expressly noted.
| State/DF |
Actual local read status |
Exact remaining action |
| Acre (AC) |
No local operative body read. |
Read TJAC organization, fees, calendar and service implementation. |
| Alagoas (AL) |
No local operative body read. |
Read TJAL and relevant federal/local rules. |
| Amapá (AP) |
No local operative body read. |
Read TJAP organization, digital service and calendar. |
| Amazonas (AM) |
No local operative body read. |
Read TJAM remote-service, filing and fee rules. |
| Bahia (BA) |
TRF1/SJBA national-rule guidance read only. |
Read actual TJBA/competent-court operative rules; guidance is not local clearance. |
| Ceará (CE) |
No local operative body read. |
Read TJCE fees, calendar, e-filing and service rules. |
| Distrito Federal (DF) |
TJDFT national CNJ index read only. |
Read TJDFT operative implementation, fees and calendar. |
| Espírito Santo (ES) |
No local operative body read. |
Read TJES organization and service implementation. |
| Goiás (GO) |
No local operative body read. |
Read TJGO court allocation, fees and digital-service rules. |
| Maranhão (MA) |
No local operative body read. |
Read TJMA service, calendar and access rules. |
| Mato Grosso (MT) |
No local operative body read. |
Read TJMT fees, calendars and e-filing implementation. |
| Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) |
No local operative body read. |
Read TJMS service and territorial-cooperation practice. |
| Minas Gerais (MG) |
No local operative body read. |
Read TJMG organization, fees and service rules. |
| Pará (PA) |
No local operative body read. |
Read TJPA remote service, accessibility and calendar. |
| Paraíba (PB) |
No local operative body read. |
Read TJPB costs, distribution and electronic service. |
| Paraná (PR) |
No local operative body read. |
Read TJPR portal, calendar and service procedures. |
| Pernambuco (PE) |
A TRT6 explanatory page failed; no local operative body read. |
Read the competent civil court’s rules, not labor-court guidance by analogy. |
| Piauí (PI) |
No local operative body read. |
Read TJPI fees, calendars and service implementation. |
| Rio de Janeiro (RJ) |
Reproduction/notice routes returned validation pages. |
Obtain readable TJRJ operative bodies; no local conclusion from failure. |
| Rio Grande do Norte (RN) |
No local operative body read. |
Read TJRN organization, filing and service rules. |
| Rio Grande do Sul (RS) |
No local operative body read. |
Read TJRS calendar, digital-service and court allocation. |
| Rondônia (RO) |
No local operative body read. |
Read TJRO remote-service, fees and implementation. |
| Roraima (RR) |
No local operative body read. |
Read TJRR service, accessibility and court calendars. |
| Santa Catarina (SC) |
TRT12-hosted general CNJ decision failed; no local operative rule read. |
Obtain competent civil-court rules and the unread general decision separately. |
| São Paulo (SP) |
No local operative body read. |
Read TJSP actual forum, system, fees and calendar. |
| Sergipe (SE) |
No local operative body read. |
Read TJSE distribution, service and fee rules. |
| Tocantins (TO) |
No local operative body read. |
Read TJTO filing, service, calendar and accessibility rules. |
Territorial count: 27. No state or DF is cleared.
14. Evidence-backed opportunities
| Article/checklist/tool specification |
Supported function |
Required restraint |
| “Filing is not service” explainer |
Separate protocol, judicial order, citation, notification and defense trigger. |
No prediction of default or liability. |
| Electronic communication classifier |
Distinguish private citation, public-law citation, personal intimation, DJEN and alerts. |
Must require actual legal nature and communication certificate. |
| Service-proof checklist |
Recipient, address, authority, contents, delivery, filing, consultation and fallback. |
No actual record lookup or automated validity conclusion. |
| Conditional deadline worksheet |
Use verified event, procedural route, business/calendar unit, holidays and privileges. |
Never calculate from an email-alert timestamp alone. |
| Constructive-service checklist |
Check search efforts, concealment, officer steps, edital publication and curator. |
No automatic “unread means invalid” or “published means valid.” |
| Local-implementation tracker |
Record court-specific fees, calendars, portals and official amendments. |
National law is not proof of every court’s implementation. |
No tool, website or publication was built.
15. Researcher reconciliation and self-check
| Item |
Actual result |
| Reviewed component |
P01 D15 commencement/service portion only. |
| Unreviewed sibling findings used as premises |
None. |
| Source-register rows |
27: 11 statutory/regulatory bodies, 4 guidance/index records, 12 failed/unread routes. |
| Atomic claims |
80, C_BR-P18-C001–C080. |
| Core coverage |
96, P18-G01–G96. |
| Deferred families |
28, P18-D01–D28. |
| Territorial rows |
27. |
| Fictional workflows |
14. |
| Conditional calculations |
3. |
| P01 crosswalk |
9 logical items and 9 physical data rows. |
| Operative CNJ bodies |
Original455, amendment569 and amendment624 read. |
| PDF visual checks |
Relevant pages of all three CNJ PDFs inspected. |
| Full current CNJ consolidated PDF |
Not accessed; failed route retained. |
| Later general reading-period interpretation |
Not substantively read; not adopted. |
| Actual local court implementation |
Not established. |
| Actual court fee |
None quoted. |
| Actual deadline |
None determined. |
| Actual account/registry/docket/party lookup |
None. |
| Filing, contact, complaint, payment or account action |
None. |
| API, hidden endpoint, CAPTCHA/security bypass |
None. |
| Deep Research, Work/Codex, subagents or new chats |
None. |
| Coordinator-file write |
None performed or claimed. |
| Exact source-opening clocks |
Unknown. |
| Independent review/all-source certification |
Not claimed. |
| Provider, component, locality, parent or country acceptance |
Not granted; holds remain. |
Exact unresolved source/fact priorities: a readable latest CNJ consolidation and subsequent general counting interpretation; the selected court’s operative implementation, fee schedule and calendar; the actual initiating route; party/representative authority; authentic sending, receipt, consultation and filing certificates; and any applicable hearing or special-period order.
Final disposition: PASS-18 establishes the bounded federal commencement-and-service framework, including the materially different electronic citation and notification branches. It does not establish that any actual defendant was validly served, that any deadline expired, that any default follows, that a debt is valid or extinguished, or that a provider or Brazil-wide operating model is authorized or accepted.
END C_BR PASS-18