SettleADebt S_WI PASS-17
Wisconsin small-claims motion to reopen or vacate an ordinary consumer money-debt judgment
Actual fresh public-source access date: October 26, 2026, America/Los_Angeles; October 27, 2026 UTC.
Historical baseline: October 22, 2026 Pacific.
Mode: Regular Chat with public primary-source browsing. Model-family and power provenance remain coordinator-controlled and are not self-certified here.
Component boundary: Motions or petitions seeking to reopen, set aside, or vacate an ordinary Wisconsin small-claims money judgment, including the special mail-service route, the limited relationship to Wis. Stat. §806.07, notice, hearing, stays, consequences, forms, and selected published or official appellate authorities.
P16 and the other reports identified in the prompt remain saved but unreviewed and supply no accepted legal premise. The necessary small-claims and general judgment-relief gateways were freshly researched for this pass.
Throughout this answer, C001 means S_WI-P17-C001, and S001 means S_WI-P17-S001.
Source-currentness qualification
A fresh official Wisconsin Legislature search result displayed the current §799.29 twelve-month language and was dated July 1, 2026, but the complete integrated section body timed out. The different official alternatives read were:
- current Wisconsin Court System forms and guides;
- official Wisconsin appellate opinions;
- official Wisconsin Legislature indexed fragments; and
- 2025 Wisconsin statutory reproductions, expressly labeled below as nonofficial read-aids, not current official-body certification.
The complete current integrated bodies of §§799.29, 799.14, 806.07, 801.14, and 801.15 remain a formal source-access hold. No failed fetch is treated as proof of no law, permission, or unchanged text. The forms and appellate decisions strongly corroborate the core special procedures and time limits. Wisconsin Legislative Documents+3
Executive disposition
For an ordinary Wisconsin small-claims money judgment entered by default, there are several distinct routes. They must not be merged:
| Route |
Trigger |
Outer time |
Required showing |
Stay effect |
| Ordinary §799.29 reopening |
Failure to answer or appear; valid small-claims default judgment |
Notice of motion within 12 months after entry |
Notice and motion or petition duly made; good cause; court discretion |
No automatic stay; court may order one |
| Improper venue under §799.29(1)(c) |
Default entered in improper §799.11 venue |
Motion or petition within one year after entry |
Improper venue and timely motion |
Court shall reopen if predicates are met; stay still should not be assumed without an order |
| Special mailed-service petition under §799.14 |
Summons was served by mail but defendant did not receive actual notice |
Within 15 days after actual knowledge, and no more than one year after entry if judgment exists |
Written verified petition on court form; qualifying mailed-service and no-notice facts |
Court shall stay all proceedings on the judgment while threshold petition is heard |
| Genuinely void judgment theory |
Fundamental lack of personal jurisdiction or another defect making judgment void rather than merely erroneous |
General §806.07 law says reasonable-time limit does not apply to truly void judgments |
Actual voidness, not just statutory error or lost court competency |
No automatic stay established merely by asserting voidness |
| Clerical-record correction |
Court record contains a clerical or data error |
Different correction route |
Proof the record is factually incorrect |
Does not reopen merits merely because a party disagrees with the decision |
| Commissioner review or appeal |
Timely challenge to a commissioner or judge’s nondefault decision |
Separate route and clock |
Applicable demand-for-trial or appellate requirements |
Not a substitute for reopening a default |
Wisconsin’s published Mercado decision holds that §799.29—not §806.07—is the prescribed route for ordinary small-claims default reopening and that the twelve-month limit cannot be bypassed through a separate collateral action. Section 806.07’s grounds can nevertheless function as guideposts when a circuit court evaluates “good cause” within the §799.29 route. Wisconsin Court System+2
A motion filed inside twelve months is not automatically granted. Good cause is discretionary and can be defeated by carelessness, lack of supporting facts, absence of a potentially meritorious defense, or an unjustified delay even before the outer deadline expires. The 2026 Ceron opinion is unpublished and therefore persuasive rather than binding, but it is the freshest Wisconsin appellate discussion located and expressly upheld denial where the movant provided no affidavit or factual explanation for the initial default or the nearly year-long delay. Wisconsin Court System+2
G1. Chapter 799 reopening and its relationship to general civil rules
1. Chapter 799 controls the special small-claims route
Wis. Stat. §799.04 makes the general civil-procedure rules in chapters 801–847 applicable to small claims except where chapter 799 provides otherwise. Section 799.29 supplies a special reopening rule for small-claims default judgments. That specific rule controls over the general §806.07 route in the ordinary valid-default setting. C001–C004. Justia Law+1
2. Ordinary motion under §799.29
Section 799.29(1)(a) provides:
- no direct appeal from a default judgment;
- the trial court may, by order, reopen it;
- notice and a motion or petition must be duly made; and
- good cause must be shown.
For ordinary chapter 799 actions, the notice of motion must be made within 12 months after entry of judgment, unless the improper-venue branch applies. C004–C008. Justia Law
Actor and required-document matrix
| Actor |
Required or expected act |
Evidence from statewide form or statute |
| Defendant against whom default entered |
File and serve motion or petition; explain why answer/appearance was missed; identify why reopening could change the result |
SC-515A |
| Plaintiff whose claim was dismissed or against whom counterclaim default entered |
Same ordinary good-cause route |
SC-515A |
| Moving party generally |
Give notice to opposing parties; support factual assertions |
§799.29; §§801.14-.15 |
| Circuit court |
Decide good cause; may schedule hearing, deny, reopen, or order a stay |
SC-515B |
| Clerk |
Receive/file the motion and court order |
SC-515B records filing date |
| Opposing party |
Receives motion and can contest grounds, facts, timeliness, and merits |
§801.14 |
SC-515A requires the movant to complete both:
- why the failure to answer or appear occurred; and
- why the movant believes the case could be won if reopened.
That is form guidance consistent with Wisconsin case law’s focus on both excusable circumstances and a potentially meritorious claim or defense. C006, C011–C013. Wisconsin Court System+1
3. Improper venue branch
For a default judgment entered where venue was improper under §799.11:
- the motion or petition must be duly made within one year after entry; and
- the statute says the court shall reopen the default.
This is materially different from the discretionary good-cause branch. The movant still must establish that venue was actually improper and that the motion was timely. C009. Justia Law+1
4. Default judgment cannot be directly appealed
Section 799.29 says there is no appeal from a default judgment. The direct route is first to seek reopening in the trial court. An order granting or denying reopening raises separate appellate questions; those are not the same as directly appealing the underlying default judgment. C010. Justia Law+1
5. Filing, service, and hearing notice
A written motion and hearing notice generally must be served on all parties under §801.14. Service is ordinarily made on counsel if a party is represented. C014–C015. Justia Law+1
Section 801.15(4) generally requires service of a written motion and hearing notice at least five days before the hearing unless another statute or court order supplies a different period. The statewide SC-6050V guide operationally states that SC-515A/SC-515B and SC-511A/SC-511B should be mailed not less than eight business days before the motion or hearing date. The guide expressly warns that local rules and procedures also apply. C016. Justia Law+1
The statute’s phrase “notice of motion must be made” can create a technical question about which event—filing, service, or both—satisfies the twelve-month outer limit. The statewide forms show a motion being filed and distributed to the court and parties; §801.14 requires service. This pass does not invent a statewide answer beyond advising that both the filing and service dates are legally material and should be provable. C015–C017.
6. Remote hearing is not automatic
Section 807.13 permits a court to allow oral argument by telephone and permits evidentiary testimony by telephone or live audiovisual means when:
- the governing statute or rule permits;
- the parties stipulate; or
- the court finds good cause after considering fairness and cross-examination.
It does not create a universal right to remote participation in every county or reopening hearing. C018. Justia Law
G2. Grounds, clocks, and mutual exclusions
7. Section 806.07 grounds as guideposts—not an ordinary alternative route
Section 806.07 lists these general civil grounds:
| General §806.07 ground |
Relevance to a small-claims default |
| Mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect |
Common guidepost for §799.29 “good cause” |
| Newly discovered evidence |
Possible guidepost, subject to diligence/materiality requirements |
| Fraud, misrepresentation, or misconduct by adverse party |
Possible good-cause guidepost |
| Judgment is void |
Potentially distinct route; published small-claims law leaves a narrow unresolved issue where service was never valid |
| Judgment satisfied, released, or discharged |
Potential defense/relief ground; does not automatically update court record |
| Prior supporting judgment reversed or vacated |
Potential ground if actually applicable |
| Prospective application no longer equitable |
Narrow and primarily equitable; not ordinary debt disagreement |
| Other reason justifying relief |
Catchall requiring extraordinary circumstances in general civil law |
For ordinary valid small-claims defaults, published Mercado holds that §806.07 does not displace §799.29 or extend its twelve-month period. C019–C027. Justia Law+1
8. Excusable neglect and good cause
Wisconsin decisions use the §806.07(a) concepts as guideposts. Excusable neglect means conduct that might have been that of a reasonably prudent person under similar circumstances. It is not synonymous with ordinary carelessness, inattentiveness, or forgetting.
Relevant factors can include:
- whether the default was deliberate or accidental;
- promptness after learning of the judgment;
- whether the person had notice of the hearing;
- concrete factual explanation rather than a conclusion;
- whether the opposing party or court contributed to the failure;
- prejudice and finality;
- whether a potentially meritorious defense exists; and
- whether reopening would merely repeat the same result.
C011–C013, C020. Wisconsin Court System+2
The unpublished Ryan decision affirmed denial where the person missed the hearing because he was working and “lost track of time,” despite asserting that the plaintiff sued the wrong person. The claimed merits defense did not erase the need to explain the default. Wisconsin Court System
9. Promptness matters inside the twelve-month ceiling
The twelve-month period is an outer limit, not a promise that any motion within it is reasonable. In Ceron, the motion was filed near the end of the period, but the movant supplied no affidavit or factual explanation for either the original failure to respond or the prolonged delay. Denial was affirmed as a proper exercise of discretion. C021. Wisconsin Court System+1
10. Newly discovered evidence
Section 805.15(3) requires findings that the evidence:
- came to the movant’s attention after trial;
- was not missed because of a lack of diligence;
- is material and noncumulative; and
- would probably change the result.
Section 806.07(b) points to §805.16, whose ordinary new-trial branch uses a one-year-after-verdict limit. A default judgment involves no verdict or completed trial, and published small-claims exclusivity law does not allow this general provision to replace §799.29’s special twelve-month route. Newly found records can support good cause and a meritorious defense, but do not independently circumvent §799.29. C022. Justia Law+2
11. Fraud, misrepresentation, or misconduct
Fraud or misconduct by the opposing party can support a reopening request, but the movant must identify:
- the specific representation or concealment;
- who made it;
- when it was discovered;
- why it affected the default or judgment;
- evidence supporting it; and
- why the request was made without unjustified delay.
Section 806.07(c)’s ordinary one-year rule does not supply a longer route than §799.29 for an ordinary small-claims default. Fraud on the court and an independent action are separately preserved by §806.07(2), but those are extraordinary and remain outside this bounded pass. C023. Justia Law
12. Truly void versus merely erroneous or voidable
A genuinely void judgment is a nullity; an erroneous or voidable judgment remains effective until set aside. Wisconsin’s Supreme Court distinguishes:
- fundamental absence of jurisdiction, which can make a judgment void; from
- loss of circuit-court competency or ordinary statutory error, which generally does not make the judgment void and can be forfeited or waived.
The reasonable-time limit in §806.07 does not apply to a truly void judgment, but a party cannot convert an ordinary pleading error, incorrect legal ruling, procedural mistake, or competency issue into voidness merely by using the word “void.” C024–C026. Wisconsin Court System+1
Small-claims service uncertainty
Published small-claims authorities use broad exclusivity language, but Ripco Credit Union v. Kennedy—an unpublished one-judge opinion—expressly assumed without deciding that a genuinely void small-claims judgment might fall outside §799.29’s twelve-month limit. It then held that service was valid, so the issue remained unresolved. Wisconsin Court System+1
An older unpublished opinion, Benitez v. Fasick, treated a motion attacking a void small-claims judgment for lack of proper service as distinct from a motion to reopen a valid default judgment. Because Benitez is unpublished and Ripco did not decide the question, this pass does not claim controlling published Wisconsin authority definitively resolves the interaction. C026–C028. Wisconsin Court System+1
13. Voluntary appearance and waiver
Section 799.14 expressly does not apply to a defendant who actually appeared and submitted to the court’s jurisdiction without using the statutory mail-service petition. A voluntary appearance can also affect objections to personal jurisdiction, but whether a particular later appearance waived a service challenge depends on:
- what was filed or said;
- whether the appearance was limited to contesting jurisdiction;
- when the objection was raised; and
- applicable §§801.06 and 802.06 doctrine.
That broader waiver analysis remains held. C029. Justia Law
14. Satisfied, released, or discharged judgment
Payment, settlement, release, or discharge can support a request for relief or provide a defense to enforcement. But the movant must prove:
- the governing agreement or discharge;
- performance and payment;
- scope of the release;
- identity of the judgment;
- whether only part was satisfied; and
- what record correction or satisfaction was required.
The allegation does not automatically reopen the merits or erase the judgment docket. C030. Justia Law
15. Catchall and extraordinary circumstances
General §806.07(1)(h) relief requires extraordinary circumstances. Miller v. Hanover identifies nonexclusive considerations including:
- whether the judgment resulted from a deliberate and informed choice;
- effectiveness of counsel;
- absence of merits consideration and the balance between merits and finality;
- existence of a meritorious defense; and
- intervening circumstances making relief inequitable to deny.
Section (h) is not a routine extension device. For ordinary small-claims defaults, it cannot be used to circumvent the special §799.29 outer period. Its factors may inform good cause within that period. C031–C032. Wisconsin Court System+2
16. Grounds and applicable-route matrix
| Alleged problem |
Primary small-claims route |
Outer limit established here |
Key qualification |
| Forgot date / ordinary inattention |
§799.29 |
12 months after entry |
Usually weak good cause without exceptional facts |
| Genuine medical, notice, or emergency problem |
§799.29 |
12 months |
Needs evidence, prompt action, and plausible merits |
| Mailed summons never received |
§799.14 |
15 days after actual knowledge; max 1 year after entry |
Written verified petition; actual appearance can bar |
| Improper venue |
§799.29(1)(c) |
1 year after entry |
Mandatory reopening if proved |
| Newly found account record |
§799.29 using §806.07(b) factors as guidepost |
12 months |
Diligence, materiality, and likely changed result |
| Opponent fraud |
§799.29 using §806.07(c) factors |
12 months |
Specific facts and promptness |
| Truly void for no personal jurisdiction |
Potential §806.07(d) issue |
Controlling small-claims interaction unresolved |
Must prove actual voidness, not ordinary error |
| Paid/released/discharged |
§799.29 / related record-relief routes |
Usually 12-month reopening route for default merits |
Satisfaction and enforcement relief may be separate |
| Catchall extraordinary circumstances |
§799.29 with §806.07(h) factors as guidepost |
12 months for ordinary valid default |
Cannot be used as end run |
| Clerical record typo |
GF-184A / record correction |
Separate |
Disagreement with decision is not clerical error |
G3. Stay, consequences, notice, restoration, and review boundaries
17. Ordinary §799.29 motion does not automatically stay enforcement
Section 799.29 does not state that filing an ordinary reopening motion automatically stays the judgment. General §806.07(2) likewise says a relief motion does not affect finality or suspend operation.
SC-515B includes a separate court-order checkbox stating that the prior judgment is stayed pending further order. This confirms that a stay must be ordered rather than assumed. C033–C034. Justia Law+1
18. The §799.14 mail-service route has a mandatory stay
Where the special mailed-service petition is timely and facially within §799.14:
- the court sets a hearing;
- if judgment has been entered, the court shall stay all proceedings on the judgment;
- threshold petition issues are heard first;
- if the petition is granted, the court vacates the judgment and proceeds to the merits; and
- if denied, the stay is revoked.
SC-511B implements this structure. C035–C038. Justia Law+2
19. Reopening, vacating, and winning are different
| Event |
Effect |
| Filing ordinary motion |
Places requested relief before court; no automatic stay or merits win |
| Court orders stay |
Temporarily suspends identified enforcement activity according to order |
| Court reopens |
Returns case to active status; merits still unresolved |
| Court vacates default |
Removes prior default judgment according to order; underlying claim can remain |
| Court conducts merits hearing |
Plaintiff and defendant present their claims and defenses |
| New merits judgment |
Replaces or follows the reopened procedural posture |
| Motion denied |
Existing judgment ordinarily remains operative |
| Record correction |
Corrects clerical data; does not necessarily change merits |
SC-515B permits the motion hearing and, if granted, the case hearing to occur at the same time and place. Reopening therefore does not itself dismiss the debt action or establish the proposed defense. C039–C040. Wisconsin Court System
20. Terms, costs, and partial relief
General §806.07 permits relief “upon such terms as are just,” but ordinary small-claims reopening remains governed by §799.29. A court may structure its order, hearing, answer deadline, stay, costs, or other procedural terms, but this pass found no universal rule that reopening automatically:
- removes a judgment lien;
- unwinds a garnishment;
- refunds collected money;
- restores property;
- dismisses the claim;
- deems an answer timely; or
- awards attorney fees.
Each consequence requires the actual order and governing statute. C041.
21. Restoration after a judgment is set aside
Wis. Stat. §806.09 provides that if a judgment or part of it was collected and later set aside or reversed, the trial court shall order restoration with interest, subject to:
- proof of the facts;
- notice and motion;
- a special bond option when a new trial is ordered; and
- protection of a good-faith purchaser for value without notice.
This is a separate restitution process, not an automatic refund merely upon filing a reopening motion. C042. Justia Law
22. Notice and proof
An ordinary reopening submission should preserve evidence of:
- judgment entry date;
- motion filing date;
- service date and method on every required party;
- hearing notice;
- reasons for the default;
- supporting declarations, records, or exhibits;
- promptness after learning of the default;
- proposed answer, defense, or claim; and
- any requested stay.
Statewide guidance says copies—not originals—are served and proof of service is filed with the court. The guide’s eight-business-day mailed-service instruction remains general statewide guidance and not a substitute for a local order. C014–C017, C043. Wisconsin Court System+1
23. Commissioner review, judge decisions, and appeals are different routes
The Court System’s general guide distinguishes:
- a demand for trial after a commissioner’s decision;
- an appeal from a judge’s decision;
- reopening a default judgment; and
- the special mailed-service petition.
A person should not assume that a motion to reopen tolls or replaces another review deadline. Full commissioner-review, new-trial, and appellate-clock research is deferred. C044. Wisconsin Court System
24. Clerical error versus substantive disagreement
GF-184A permits a request to correct an error in the clerk’s court record and expressly warns that disagreement with a court’s decision is not a correctable record error.
Examples of potential clerical issues include an incorrect name spelling or data-entry mismatch. Challenges to liability, damages, service, ownership of the debt, or legal correctness generally require judicial relief rather than clerical correction. C045. Wisconsin Court System+1
G4. Forms and selected Wisconsin authorities
25. Statewide form matrix
| Form / guide |
Revision |
Printed page / zero PDF index read |
Function and limit |
| SC-515A Motion to Reopen Small Claims Judgment |
11/19 |
p.1 / zero 0 |
Ordinary §799.29 motion; asks for reason for default and reason movant could win; 12-month and venue branches |
| SC-515B Order on Motion to Reopen |
11/17 |
p.1 / zero 0 |
Court sets hearing, may stay judgment, grant or deny; records filing date |
| SC-511A Petition to Answer or Reopen with Mail Service |
05/24 |
p.1 / zero 0 |
Verified §799.14 petition; 15-day actual-knowledge and one-year judgment limits |
| SC-511B Order on Mail-Service Petition |
11/17 |
p.1 / zero 0 |
Orders stay and hearing or denies for statutory deficiency |
| SC-6000V Basic Guide |
09/24 |
p.13 / zero 12 |
Separates commissioner review, judge appeal, mail-service petition, venue, and good-cause reopening |
| SC-6050V Service Guide |
09/24 |
p.2 / zero 1 |
General mailed service guidance: eight business days before motion/hearing |
| GF-184A Request to Correct Court Records |
11/20 |
p.1 / zero 0 |
Clerical record correction only; not disagreement with decision |
The forms state they may be supplemented but not modified. They do not supersede statutes, court orders, or county rules. C046–C052. Wisconsin Court System+6
26. Selected authority grid
| Authority |
Status |
Narrow holding used |
Limitation |
| Mercado v. GE Money Bank, 2009 WI App 73 |
Published Wisconsin Court of Appeals |
§799.29 is prescribed small-claims route; §806.07 cannot be used to circumvent twelve-month limit or collaterally attack default |
Did not decide genuine lack-of-service voidness |
| Village of Trempealeau v. Mikrut, 2004 WI 79 |
Published Wisconsin Supreme Court |
True void judgments differ from competency errors; competency can be waived; §806.07(h) requires extraordinary circumstances |
Not an ordinary consumer small-claims case |
| Miller v. Hanover Insurance, 2010 WI 75 |
Published Wisconsin Supreme Court |
General §806.07(h) extraordinary-circumstances factors and balance of fairness/finality |
Ordinary civil case, not §799.29 route |
| Midland Credit Management v. Ceron, 2026 |
Unpublished one-judge Court of Appeals |
§806.07 factors may guide §799.29 good cause; unexplained nearly year-long delay supported denial |
Persuasive, not precedential |
| Ripco Credit Union v. Kennedy, 2016 |
Unpublished one-judge Court of Appeals |
Assumed without deciding void-service motion might escape §799.29; found service valid |
Leaves legal issue unresolved |
| Benitez v. Fasick, 1998 |
Unpublished one-judge Court of Appeals |
Treated a truly void small-claims judgment as distinct from reopening a valid default |
Unpublished and older |
| Ryan v. Friday, 2019 |
Unpublished one-judge Court of Appeals |
Losing track of time was not excusable neglect despite asserted wrong-person defense |
Persuasive only |
| Zander Solutions v. Koenigs, 2004 |
Unpublished one-judge Court of Appeals |
Mailing answer shortly before hearing without confirming receipt could be deemed inexcusable |
Persuasive only |
| Gregory v. UPS, 1999 |
Unpublished one-judge Court of Appeals |
Lack of required notice of dispositive motion supported good cause |
Different procedural posture |
Published authority controls over the unpublished decisions. No complete commercial citator or all-opinion search was performed. C050–C052. Wisconsin Court System+8
G5. Fictional workflows and conditional clocks
All examples are invented. None determines that a real motion is timely, that service was invalid, that good cause exists, or that a judgment must be reopened.
Example 1 — Forgetfulness
Facts
- Ordinary small-claims money default.
- Defendant received valid notice.
- Hearing was calendared correctly.
- Defendant says, “I forgot.”
- Motion filed 30 days after entry.
- Defendant asserts the debt belonged to someone else.
Route: §799.29.
Result: Thirty days is within the outer limit, but forgetfulness alone can be treated as inattention rather than excusable neglect. The wrong-person defense matters only after a credible good-cause showing. C004–C008, C011–C013.
Adverse branch: A documented emergency or court-notice defect could materially change the good-cause analysis.
Missing evidence: Summons, calendar records, communications, declaration, and identity records.
Example 2 — Credible emergency
Facts
- Defendant was hospitalized unexpectedly on the scheduled return date.
- Defendant promptly contacts the court after discharge.
- Motion includes medical-date evidence and a proposed answer showing prior payment.
Route: §799.29.
Conditional result: The facts can support mistake, surprise, or excusable circumstances and a potentially meritorious defense. Grant remains discretionary. C006, C011–C013, C020.
Adverse branch: An unrelated old medical issue or unsupported assertion might not explain the actual default or delay.
Example 3 — Alleged invalid service and voidness
Facts
- Judgment entered fourteen months ago.
- Defendant alleges no personal, substitute, mail, or publication service ever occurred.
- Defendant never appeared before judgment.
Potential routes
- Ordinary §799.29 is outside twelve months.
- §799.14 applies only if service was made by mail and its 15-day/one-year conditions are met.
- A genuine §806.07(d) voidness theory may be asserted, but controlling published small-claims authority did not conclusively resolve the timeliness interaction.
Conditional result: No conclusion of voidness is made. Actual service records and personal-jurisdiction law are essential. C024–C029.
Adverse branch: Service may have been valid by publication, or the defendant may have appeared and waived the objection.
Example 4 — Voluntary appearance
Facts
- Defendant received mailed summons but says it was late.
- Defendant appeared at the original return date and argued the merits without filing the §799.14 petition.
- Judgment later entered.
Result: Section 799.14 expressly does not apply to a defendant who actually appeared and submitted to jurisdiction without using the petition. Other timely relief might remain, but the special mail-no-notice route is unavailable on those facts. C029, C035–C038.
Adverse branch: An appearance limited solely to contesting jurisdiction may require a different waiver analysis.
Example 5 — Inside twelve months but unreasonable delay
Facts
- Judgment entered January 5, 2026.
- Defendant learned of it January 10.
- Nothing was done until December 20.
- Motion says only, “I want to present defenses.”
Result: The motion may be inside the twelve-month ceiling, but unexplained delay and absence of supporting facts can support denial. C007, C021.
Missing evidence: Reason for initial default, reason for delay, proposed defense, communications, and intervening circumstances.
Example 6 — Outer twelve-month calculation and closed clerk’s office
Facts
- Default judgment entered Friday, May 15, 2026.
- Ordinary §799.29 route.
- Twelve-month anniversary is Saturday, May 15, 2027.
- Assume the clerk’s office is closed Saturday and Monday is not a holiday.
Model
- Event day is excluded.
- Anniversary reference: May 15, 2027.
- Under §801.15’s clerk-closure rule, the modeled final filing day would move to Monday, May 17, 2027.
Limit: The statute speaks of when “notice of motion must be made.” This example does not resolve whether filing alone, service, or both must occur by the outer date or a local electronic-filing cutoff. C007, C015–C017.
Example 7 — Attempt to use catchall after twelve months
Facts
- Valid personal service.
- Ordinary default entered eighteen months ago.
- Movant invokes §806.07(1)(h), arguing it is unfair not to hear the defense.
Result: Published Mercado treats §799.29 as exclusive for the ordinary small-claims default route. The §806.07 catchall does not provide an end run around the twelve-month period. C004, C019, C031–C032.
Adverse branch: A genuinely void judgment is analytically different, but must actually be void.
Example 8 — Newly discovered record
Facts
- Within nine months after default, defendant discovers a previously inaccessible bank record showing payment.
- Defendant explains diligent earlier search and attaches the record.
Route: §799.29, using newly discovered evidence considerations as guideposts.
Required proof: Discovery after default, diligence, materiality, noncumulative character, and probability of changing the result. C022.
Adverse branch: A record that was always available but ignored may fail the diligence inquiry.
Example 9 — Fraud discovered on disputed date
Facts
- Judgment entered March 2, 2026.
- Defendant says plaintiff concealed a settlement agreement.
- Defendant claims discovery November 2, but plaintiff shows the document was received in April.
Result: The motion remains subject to §799.29’s outer period and discretionary good-cause analysis. The discovery date, diligence, materiality, and delay are disputed facts. C023.
Example 10 — Special mail-service 15-day clock
Facts
- Judgment entered December 1, 2025.
- Summons allegedly served by mail but never received.
- Defendant receives actual knowledge Monday, November 2, 2026.
- No applicable holiday in the 15-day interval.
Calculation
- November 2 is day zero.
- Fifteen calendar days later: Tuesday, November 17, 2026.
- One-year judgment cap: Tuesday, December 1, 2026.
- Earlier controlling modeled date: November 17, 2026.
A verified SC-511A petition must fit both limits. C035–C038.
Adverse branch: Actual appearance in the original action bars §799.14.
Example 11 — Special mail-service one-year cap controls
Facts
- Judgment entered December 1, 2025.
- Actual knowledge received November 20, 2026.
- Fifteen days from knowledge would extend beyond December 1.
Model
operative outer date = earlier of actual-knowledge date + 15 days, judgment-entry date + 1 year
The modeled one-year cap—December 1, 2026—controls.
Limit: Exact filing/service completion and clerk-hours questions remain local and technical. C035–C038.
Example 12 — Opponent fraud
Facts
- Plaintiff represented that no payments had been received.
- Defendant has receipts and alleges plaintiff knowingly concealed them.
- Motion filed within eight months with declarations and copies.
Result: Fraud or misconduct can support good cause, but the court must decide credibility, materiality, delay, and whether the receipts affect the amount or entire judgment. C023, C030.
Adverse branch: A bookkeeping disagreement or mistaken allocation is not necessarily fraud.
Example 13 — Paid or released judgment
Facts
- Judgment entered after default.
- Defendant later produces a signed pre-judgment settlement stating the account was fully resolved.
- Plaintiff disputes whether conditions were completed.
Result: Satisfaction, release, or discharge can support relief, but reopening is not automatic. The agreement, performance, timing, and scope must be proven. If money was collected and the judgment is later set aside, restoration under §806.09 requires a separate noticed motion and factual proof. C030, C042.
Example 14 — Clerical error versus merits error
Facts
- Branch A: clerk entered the defendant’s middle initial incorrectly.
- Branch B: defendant argues the judge used the wrong balance.
Result
- Branch A may fit GF-184A’s court-record correction route.
- Branch B is a substantive disagreement and does not become a clerical error merely by using GF-184A.
C045.
Example 15 — Bankruptcy-discharge claim
Facts
- Defendant asserts that the debt was discharged before judgment.
- Motion filed within twelve months.
- Bankruptcy documents are incomplete.
Result: Discharge can be a relevant §806.07(e) guidepost and merits defense, but this pass does not determine discharge scope, creditor notice, lien survival, or bankruptcy-court effect. The ordinary small-claims route and bankruptcy proof must both be established. C030, C048.
Example 16 — Commissioner decision confused with default judgment
Facts
- Both parties appeared.
- Commissioner heard the dispute and issued a decision.
- Losing party files SC-515A rather than using the commissioner-review route.
Result: A decision after appearance and hearing is not necessarily a default judgment. Demand-for-trial or appellate procedures can control instead. The proper clock is a separate future module. C044.
Example 17 — Enforcement already underway
Facts
- Ordinary §799.29 motion is filed while garnishment is pending.
- No stay order has been entered.
Result: Filing alone does not automatically stay the judgment or garnishment. The movant would need an actual court stay. The special §799.14 route differs because the statute mandates a stay when its petition predicates are met. C033–C038.
Example 18 — Mailed motion-hearing notice
Facts
- Hearing scheduled Wednesday, December 16, 2026.
- Motion is served by mail.
- Statewide service guide’s eight-business-day instruction is used.
- No holiday intervenes.
Counting backward eight business days gives Friday, December 4, 2026.
Limit: This is court-system guidance, not a universal statutory deadline; a court order or county practice can differ. C016.
G6. Old-to-new crosswalk and retained boundaries
27. P08 D2 old-to-new disposition
| Prior reviewed row |
PASS-17 disposition |
Status |
| P08 D2: “Motion to vacate or reopen judgment — Separate validity/remedy component.” |
Ordinary consumer money-debt small-claims reopening/vacatur gateway now researched |
Separately reviewable; not retroactively accepted in P08 |
| Ordinary §799.29 default reopening |
Answered with source-currentness limits |
Twelve-month, good-cause, notice, discretion |
| Improper venue |
Answered as mandatory branch if timely and proved |
One-year limit |
| Mailed service not actually received |
Answered as distinct §799.14 route |
Fifteen days actual knowledge plus one-year cap |
| True void judgment |
Partial/unresolved small-claims interaction |
Published authority does not conclusively resolve service-voidness exception |
| Ordinary large-claim §806.07 relief |
Deferred |
Only necessary guideposts read |
| Commissioner review and appeals |
Deferred |
Distinct routes |
| Postjudgment collection consequences |
Deferred except stay/restoration gateway |
No garnishment, lien, or execution rerun |
28. Evidence-backed article and tool opportunities
A. Wisconsin small-claims relief router
A conditional routing tool could ask:
- Was the judgment actually a default?
- Was the case small claims?
- Judgment-entry date?
- Was summons allegedly served by mail?
- Was it actually received?
- Actual-knowledge date?
- Did the defendant appear?
- Is improper venue alleged?
- Is the allegation genuine lack of personal jurisdiction?
- Why was the answer/hearing missed?
- What evidence supports the explanation?
- What proposed defense or claim exists?
- Has enforcement begun?
- Has a stay been ordered?
The output should classify possible routes without declaring a real judgment void or a motion timely.
B. Good-cause evidence checklist
A checklist can identify:
- declaration explaining default;
- documentary proof of emergency or notice failure;
- promptness chronology;
- proposed answer;
- payment, settlement, identity, or assignment proof;
- service records;
- military or bankruptcy records where actually relevant;
- motion filing receipt;
- service on other parties;
- hearing notice; and
- requested stay.
C. Conditional deadline display
A tool may display:
- twelve-month anniversary from entry;
- one-year improper-venue anniversary;
- earlier of 15 days after actual knowledge or one year after entry for §799.14;
- clerk-closure adjustment assumptions; and
- separate service/hearing-notice dates.
It must not certify which event satisfies “notice of motion made” or local e-filing cutoffs.
No tool, article, checklist, form packet, website, or publication was built or approved.
Source register — S_WI-P17-S001 onward
All fresh accesses occurred October 26, 2026 Pacific / October 27, 2026 UTC. Exact source-opening clock times are unknown.
| Source ID |
Issuer, title, and complete literal URL |
Pinpoint, edition, and status |
Material read and limit |
| S_WI-P17-S001 |
Wisconsin Legislature, official indexed fragment, Wis. Stat. §799.29. https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/799.29%281%29%28b%29 |
Search result displayed current 12-month language; dated July 1, 2026 |
Fresh official index/snippet; full body timed out. Wisconsin Legislative Documents |
| S002 |
Nonofficial 2025 read-aid, Wis. Stat. §799.29 — Default judgments. https://law.justia.com/codes/wisconsin/chapter-799/section-799-29/ |
§799.29(1)(a)–(c), (2) |
Fresh contiguous body read; nonofficial/currentness-qualified. Justia Law |
| S003 |
Nonofficial 2025 read-aid, §799.04 — Relation to other procedural rules. https://law.justia.com/codes/wisconsin/chapter-799/section-799-04/ |
§799.04(1)–(2) |
Fresh body read; general civil rules apply unless chapter 799 differs. Justia Law |
| S004 |
Nonofficial 2025 read-aid, §799.14 — Failure of actual notice by mail. https://law.justia.com/codes/wisconsin/chapter-799/section-799-14/ |
§799.14(1)–(2) |
Fresh complete body read; current official integrated body unavailable. Justia Law+1 |
| S005 |
Nonofficial 2025 read-aid, §806.07 — Relief from judgment or order. https://law.justia.com/codes/wisconsin/chapter-806/section-806-07/ |
§806.07(1)(a)–(h), (2) |
Fresh complete material body read; ordinary general-civil rule. Justia Law+1 |
| S006 |
Nonofficial 2025 read-aid, §805.15 — New trials. https://law.justia.com/codes/wisconsin/chapter-805/section-805-15/ |
§805.15(3)(a)–(d) |
Fresh relevant body read; newly discovered evidence guidepost. Justia Law |
| S007 |
Nonofficial 2025 read-aid, §805.16 — Time for motions after verdict. https://law.justia.com/codes/wisconsin/chapter-805/section-805-16/ |
§805.16(1)–(4) |
Fresh body read; verdict/new-trial rule not substituted for §799.29. Justia Law |
| S008 |
Nonofficial 2025 read-aid, §801.14 — Service and filing of motions and papers. https://law.justia.com/codes/wisconsin/chapter-801/section-801-14/ |
§801.14(1)–(2) |
Fresh relevant body read. Justia Law |
| S009 |
Nonofficial 2025 read-aid, §801.15 — Time. https://law.justia.com/codes/wisconsin/chapter-801/section-801-15/ |
§801.15(1), (4), mail-addition and nonenlargement provisions |
Fresh relevant body read; current official body unavailable. Justia Law+1 |
| S010 |
Nonofficial 2025 read-aid, §807.13 — Telephone and audiovisual proceedings. https://law.justia.com/codes/wisconsin/chapter-807/section-807-13/ |
§807.13(1)–(2) |
Fresh relevant body read; no universal remote right. Justia Law |
| S011 |
Nonofficial 2025 read-aid, §806.09 — Restitution after set-aside or reversal. https://law.justia.com/codes/wisconsin/chapter-806/section-806-09/ |
§806.09(1)–(2) |
Fresh body read; restoration requires separate proof, notice, and motion. Justia Law |
| S012 |
Wisconsin Court System, SC-515A — Motion to Reopen Small Claims Judgment. https://www.wicourts.gov/formdisplay/SC-515A.pdf?formNumber=SC-515A&formType=Form&formatId=2&language=en |
Rev. 11/19; printed p.1 / zero PDF index 0 |
Full text read; statewide form, not statute. Wisconsin Court System |
| S013 |
Wisconsin Court System, SC-515B — Order on Motion to Reopen. https://www.wicourts.gov/formdisplay/SC-515B.pdf?formNumber=SC-515B&formType=Form&formatId=2&language=en |
Rev. 11/17; printed p.1 / zero 0 |
Full text read; optional stay branch. Wisconsin Court System |
| S014 |
Wisconsin Court System, SC-511A — Petition to Answer or Reopen with Mail Service. https://www.wicourts.gov/formdisplay/SC-511A.pdf?formNumber=SC-511A&formType=Form&formatId=2&language=en |
Rev. 05/24; printed p.1 / zero 0 |
Full text and image inspected. Wisconsin Court System+1 |
| S015 |
Wisconsin Court System, SC-511B — Order on Mail-Service Petition. https://www.wicourts.gov/formdisplay/SC-511B.pdf?formNumber=SC-511B&formType=Form&formatId=2&language=en |
Rev. 11/17; printed p.1 / zero 0 |
Full text and image inspected; mandatory stay structure. Wisconsin Court System |
| S016 |
Wisconsin Court System, SC-6000V — Basic Guide to Wisconsin Small Claims Actions. https://www.wicourts.gov/formdisplay/SC-6000V_instructions.pdf?formNumber=SC-6000V&formType=Instructions&formatId=2&language=en |
Rev. 09/24; reopening discussion printed p.13 / zero 12 |
Relevant body and page image read; general guidance/local-rule qualifier. Wisconsin Court System+1 |
| S017 |
Wisconsin Court System, SC-6050V — Small Claims Service Guide. https://www.wicourts.gov/formdisplay/SC-6050V_instructions.pdf?formNumber=SC-6050V&formType=Instructions&formatId=2&language=en |
Rev. 09/24; motion-service table printed p.2 / zero 1 |
Relevant text and image inspected; eight-business-day mailing guidance. Wisconsin Court System+1 |
| S018 |
Wisconsin Court System, Small Claims Forms Index. https://www.wicourts.gov/forms1/circuit/ccform.jsp?Category=38 |
Current form listings and revision dates |
Fresh official index read; no form submitted. Wisconsin Court System |
| S019 |
Wisconsin Court of Appeals, Mercado v. GE Money Bank, 2009 WI App 73. https://www.wicourts.gov/ca/opinion/DisplayDocument.html?content=html&seqNo=36141 |
Published; ¶¶9–14 |
Fresh official opinion read; §799.29 exclusive ordinary route. Wisconsin Court System |
| S020 |
Wisconsin Supreme Court, Village of Trempealeau v. Mikrut, 2004 WI 79. https://www.wicourts.gov/sc/opinion/DisplayDocument.html?content=html&seqNo=16730 |
Published; ¶¶31–38 |
Fresh official opinion read; void judgment versus competency and waiver. Wisconsin Court System |
| S021 |
Wisconsin Supreme Court, Miller v. Hanover Insurance Co., 2010 WI 75. https://www.wicourts.gov/sc/opinion/DisplayDocument.html?content=html&seqNo=52041 |
Published; ¶¶29, 34–46, 58–61 |
Fresh official opinion read; §806.07(h) extraordinary-circumstances factors. Wisconsin Court System+1 |
| S022 |
Wisconsin Court of Appeals, Midland Credit Management v. Ceron, Appeal No. 2025AP1065. https://www.wicourts.gov/ca/opinion/DisplayDocument.pdf?content=pdf&seqNo=1182870 |
Oct. 1, 2026; unpublished one-judge; ¶¶8–10, 15–26; relevant printed pp.4, 7–10 / zero 3, 6–9 |
Fresh official PDF read and selected images inspected; persuasive only. Wisconsin Court System+2 |
| S023 |
Wisconsin Court of Appeals, Ripco Credit Union v. Kennedy, Appeal No. 2015AP1280. https://www.wicourts.gov/ca/opinion/DisplayDocument.pdf?content=pdf&seqNo=162063 |
Feb. 23, 2016; unpublished one-judge; ¶¶1–2, 9–11; printed p.5 / zero 4 |
Fresh official PDF and image read; void-service issue assumed without deciding. Wisconsin Court System+1 |
| S024 |
Wisconsin Court of Appeals, Benitez v. Fasick, No. 97-3572. https://www.wicourts.gov/ca/opinion/DisplayDocument.html?content=html&seqNo=13362 |
May 27, 1998; unpublished one-judge; unnumbered discussion |
Fresh official HTML read; persuasive only. Wisconsin Court System |
| S025 |
Wisconsin Court of Appeals, Ryan v. Friday, Appeal No. 2018AP1354. https://wicourts.gov/ca/opinion/DisplayDocument.pdf?content=pdf&seqNo=240493 |
May 14, 2019; unpublished one-judge; ¶¶5–12 |
Fresh official PDF text read; forgetfulness/inattention example. Wisconsin Court System |
| S026 |
Wisconsin Court of Appeals, Zander Solutions v. Koenigs, No. 04-0764. https://www.wicourts.gov/ca/opinion/DisplayDocument.html?content=html&seqNo=7390 |
Oct. 28, 2004; unpublished one-judge; ¶¶5–8 |
Fresh official HTML read; mailed-answer/inadvertence example. Wisconsin Court System |
| S027 |
Wisconsin Court of Appeals, Gregory v. United Parcel Service, No. 98-3024. https://www.wicourts.gov/ca/opinion/DisplayDocument.html?content=html&seqNo=14670 |
Sept. 29, 1999; unpublished one-judge; notice discussion |
Fresh official HTML read; lack of motion notice supported good cause. Wisconsin Court System |
| S028 |
Wisconsin Court System, GF-184A — Request to Correct Court Records. https://www.wicourts.gov/formdisplay/GF-184A.pdf?formNumber=GF-184A&formType=Form&formatId=2&language=en |
Rev. 11/20; printed p.1 / zero 0 |
Full text and image inspected; clerical correction, not merits disagreement. Wisconsin Court System+1 |
Source-register count: 28.
Atomic claim register — S_WI-P17-C001 onward
| Claim ID |
Registry status |
Actor / predicate |
Required act, clock, or consequence |
Primary pinpoint |
Exception / hold |
| C001 |
A066/A097/A098 open |
Current-law source |
Full official integrated bodies did not render |
S001–S010 |
Forms/opinions/read-aids used with qualification |
| C002 |
Open |
Small-claims party |
General civil rules apply except where ch. 799 differs |
S003 §799.04(1) |
Specific ch.799 route controls |
| C003 |
Open |
Ordinary default movant |
§799.29 is prescribed reopening route |
S002 §799.29(1)(a); S019 ¶¶10–14 |
Void-service edge separately held |
| C004 |
Open |
Trial court |
May reopen default upon duly made notice/motion and good cause |
S002 §799.29(1)(a) |
Discretionary |
| C005 |
Open |
Ordinary movant |
Notice of motion within 12 months after entry |
S002 §799.29(1)(c) |
Improper venue branch differs |
| C006 |
Open |
Movant |
Explain reason for default and potentially meritorious position |
S012; S022 ¶¶17–23 |
Form/case guidepost |
| C007 |
Open |
Court |
Good cause assessed from facts, law, promptness, and fairness |
S022; S025–S027 |
No mechanical entitlement |
| C008 |
Open |
Movant |
Filing within 12 months does not eliminate reasonable-delay inquiry |
S022 ¶¶23–26 |
Outer limit ≠ automatic reasonableness |
| C009 |
Open |
Improper-venue movant |
Timely motion within one year; court shall reopen if venue improper |
S002 §799.29(1)(c); S012 |
Venue proof required |
| C010 |
Open |
Defaulted party |
No direct appeal from default judgment |
S002 §799.29(1)(a) |
Appeal from later order separate |
| C011 |
Open |
Movant |
Excusable neglect is prudent-person standard, not carelessness |
S022 ¶22; S025–S026 |
Fact-specific |
| C012 |
Open |
Movant |
Potentially meritorious claim/defense is materially relevant |
S012; S021 ¶36; S026 ¶6 |
Good cause still required |
| C013 |
Open |
Court |
Merits defense alone does not excuse unexplained default |
S022 ¶¶23–26; S025 |
Discretionary balance |
| C014 |
Open |
Written-motion filer |
Written motion and notice served on each party |
S008 §801.14(1) |
Court can order otherwise |
| C015 |
Open |
Represented party |
Service ordinarily made on attorney |
S008 §801.14(2) |
Court can require personal service |
| C016 |
Open |
Motion-hearing notice |
Statutory five-day baseline; statewide mailed guide says eight business days |
S009 §801.15(4); S017 p.2 |
Order/local rule may differ |
| C017 |
Open |
Movant |
Preserve both filing and service dates; precise “notice made” event held |
S002; S008; S012–S013 |
Technical current-body/local issue |
| C018 |
Open |
Court/party |
Remote argument/testimony requires statute, stipulation, or good cause |
S010 §807.13 |
No universal remote right |
| C019 |
Open |
Small-claims movant |
§806.07 grounds guide good cause but do not replace §799.29 |
S005; S019 ¶¶10–14; S022 ¶¶15–20 |
Ordinary valid default |
| C020 |
Open |
Neglect-based movant |
Mistake/surprise/excusable neglect evaluated factually |
S005(1)(a); S022; S025–S026 |
Carelessness insufficient |
| C021 |
Open |
Delayed movant |
Unexplained delay inside 12 months can support denial |
S022 ¶¶23–26 |
Promptness facts |
| C022 |
Open |
Newly discovered evidence movant |
Diligence, materiality, noncumulation, probable changed result |
S006 §805.15(3); S007 |
No independent longer small-claims clock |
| C023 |
Open |
Fraud movant |
Specific fraud/misconduct facts and promptness required |
S005(1)(c) |
Fraud-on-court independent action deferred |
| C024 |
Open |
Voidness movant |
True voidness differs from ordinary error or voidability |
S020 ¶¶34–36; S019 ¶¶19–20 |
Must prove fundamental defect |
| C025 |
Open |
Competency challenger |
Loss of competency generally does not make judgment void and may be waived |
S020 ¶¶31–38 |
Extraordinary relief possible only narrowly |
| C026 |
Open |
Service challenger |
Published small-claims law has not conclusively resolved all late void-service motions |
S023 ¶¶9–11 |
Controlling-currentness gap |
| C027 |
Open |
Void-service challenger |
Unpublished Benitez supports distinct §806.07(d) theory |
S024 |
Persuasive only |
| C028 |
Open |
Party who appeared |
Actual appearance can bar §799.14 and may affect jurisdictional objection |
S004 §799.14(2) |
Limited appearance/waiver analysis held |
| C029 |
Open |
Mailed-service defendant |
Written verified petition within 15 days actual knowledge and max one year |
S004 §799.14(1); S014 |
Both limits apply |
| C030 |
Open |
Paid/released/discharged debtor |
Can support relief or defense but requires proof |
S005(1)(e) |
Satisfaction procedure separate |
| C031 |
Open |
Catchall movant |
§806.07(h) requires extraordinary circumstances generally |
S021 ¶¶34–46 |
Used sparingly |
| C032 |
Open |
Ordinary small-claims movant |
Catchall cannot circumvent §799.29’s outer limit |
S019 ¶¶10–14 |
Genuine voidness distinguished |
| C033 |
Open |
Ordinary §799.29 movant |
Filing motion does not automatically suspend judgment |
S005(2); S013 |
Stay must be ordered |
| C034 |
Open |
Circuit court |
May expressly stay ordinary judgment pending motion |
S013 |
Scope set by order |
| C035 |
Open |
§799.14 petitioner |
Court shall stay proceedings if judgment exists |
S004 §799.14(1); S015 |
Petition predicates required |
| C036 |
Open |
§799.14 court |
Threshold hearing precedes merits |
S004 |
Reasonable opportunity to appear |
| C037 |
Open |
Successful §799.14 petitioner |
Court vacates judgment and proceeds to merits |
S004 |
Not automatic victory |
| C038 |
Open |
Denied §799.14 petitioner |
Stay revoked after denial |
S004 |
Other lawful relief may differ |
| C039 |
Open |
Ordinary successful movant |
Reopening returns matter to active posture |
S013 |
Merits unresolved |
| C040 |
Open |
Court |
Motion and merits hearing may be combined |
S013 |
Notice/fairness required |
| C041 |
Open |
Court |
Relief can be subject to just procedural terms |
S005; S013 |
No universal term/cost rule |
| C042 |
Open |
Party after collection |
Restoration after set-aside requires noticed motion/proof under §806.09 |
S011 |
No automatic refund |
| C043 |
Open |
Movant |
Preserve factual declaration, proposed defense, filing, service, and stay record |
S012–S017 |
Actual submission not made |
| C044 |
Open |
Commissioner/judge litigant |
Demand-for-trial and appeal are distinct from reopening |
S016 p.13 |
Full clocks deferred |
| C045 |
Open |
Record-correction requester |
Clerical record correction does not relitigate merits |
S028 |
Substantive error needs judicial route |
| C046 |
Open |
Form user |
SC-515A is statewide ordinary reopening form |
S012 |
Statute/local orders control |
| C047 |
Open |
Court |
SC-515B records filing, hearing, stay, and denial options |
S013 |
Form not law |
| C048 |
Open |
Mail-service petitioner |
SC-511A requires verified facts and both timing predicates |
S014 |
False-swearing consequence |
| C049 |
Open |
Court |
SC-511B implements stay/hearing/denial |
S015 |
Actual order controls |
| C050 |
Open |
Appellate researcher |
Unpublished cases are persuasive, not precedential |
S022–S027 |
Published authority controls |
| C051 |
Open |
Currentness/citator |
No complete all-case citator was performed |
Source register |
Later treatment held |
| C052 |
Open |
Registry |
PASS-17 resolves only P08 D2 small-claims gateway |
Reviewed row |
No state/parent acceptance |
| C053 |
Open |
Content designer |
Router must distinguish ordinary, mail, venue, void, and review routes |
Claims above |
No build/publication |
Atomic-claim count: 53.
Complete granular coverage table
| # |
Requested subissue |
Status |
Claims |
Evidence |
Exact remaining fact or next action |
| 1 |
Current official §799.29 body |
Partial/unresolved |
C001 |
S001–S002 |
Obtain complete integrated body |
| 2 |
Chapter 799 relation to general rules |
Answered |
C002 |
S003 |
Specific rule controls |
| 3 |
Ordinary small-claims default route |
Answered |
C003–C005 |
S002, S019 |
Actual judgment type |
| 4 |
Plaintiff-dismissal reopening |
Answered form gateway |
C004, C046 |
S012 |
Actual dismissal facts |
| 5 |
Defendant-default reopening |
Answered |
C004–C008 |
S002, S012 |
Actual default facts |
| 6 |
Notice and motion/petition |
Answered |
C004, C014–C017 |
S002, S008 |
Filing/service proof |
| 7 |
Good cause |
Answered as discretionary standard |
C006–C013 |
S012, S022, S025–S027 |
Case-specific facts |
| 8 |
Twelve-month outer period |
Answered |
C005 |
S001–S002 |
Exact final act issue |
| 9 |
Entry as trigger |
Answered |
C005 |
S002 |
Actual entry stamp |
| 10 |
Notice-receipt trigger for ordinary route |
Not substituted for entry |
C005 |
S002 |
Mail route differs |
| 11 |
Improper-venue branch |
Answered |
C009 |
S002, S012 |
Actual venue |
| 12 |
Mandatory reopening for venue |
Answered conditionally |
C009 |
S002 |
Timely and actually improper |
| 13 |
Direct appeal from default |
Prohibited |
C010 |
S002 |
Later-order review separate |
| 14 |
Motion filing |
Answered operationally |
C017, C047 |
S013, S016 |
Technical outer-limit act |
| 15 |
Service on opponent |
Answered |
C014–C016 |
S008–S009 |
Actual service |
| 16 |
Service on counsel |
Answered |
C015 |
S008 |
Representation facts |
| 17 |
Five-day hearing notice baseline |
Answered |
C016 |
S009 |
Court order may differ |
| 18 |
Eight-business-day mail guidance |
Answered as guidance |
C016 |
S017 |
Local rule/order |
| 19 |
Proof of service |
Answered as needed |
C043 |
S017 |
Actual certificate |
| 20 |
Hearing |
Answered generally |
C004, C040 |
S013 |
Court scheduling |
| 21 |
Remote appearance |
Conditional |
C018 |
S010 |
Court permission/local platform |
| 22 |
Excusable neglect |
Answered |
C011, C020 |
S022, S025–S026 |
Actual facts |
| 23 |
Forgetfulness |
Generally weak |
C011–C013 |
S025 |
Extraordinary facts possible |
| 24 |
Medical/emergency problem |
Potential ground |
C020 |
S005, S022 |
Proof and causation |
| 25 |
Meritorious defense |
Material |
C012–C013 |
S012, S021–S022 |
Proposed answer/evidence |
| 26 |
Defense alone |
Insufficient automatically |
C013 |
S022, S025 |
Good cause still needed |
| 27 |
Promptness |
Material |
C008, C021 |
S022 |
Timeline |
| 28 |
Delay within one year |
Can support denial |
C021 |
S022 |
Explanation/equity |
| 29 |
Newly discovered evidence |
Answered guidepost |
C022 |
S006–S007 |
Diligence/materiality |
| 30 |
Newly discovered evidence clock |
No independent extension |
C022 |
S007, S019 |
§799.29 controls |
| 31 |
Fraud/misrepresentation |
Answered guidepost |
C023 |
S005 |
Specific facts |
| 32 |
Fraud discovery date |
Material |
C023 |
S005 |
Proof |
| 33 |
Fraud on court |
Deferred |
C023 |
S005(2) |
Independent-action module |
| 34 |
Void judgment |
Answered general boundary |
C024 |
S005, S020 |
Actual voidness |
| 35 |
Voidable/erroneous judgment |
Distinguished |
C024–C025 |
S019–S020 |
Correct route |
| 36 |
Competency defect |
Not automatically void |
C025 |
S020 |
Waiver/extraordinary relief |
| 37 |
Invalid service after 12 months |
Unresolved controlling scope |
C026–C027 |
S023–S024 |
Published authoritative resolution |
| 38 |
Personal-jurisdiction proof |
Deferred application |
C024–C029 |
S023–S024 |
Service record |
| 39 |
Actual appearance |
Bars §799.14 |
C028 |
S004 |
Conduct facts |
| 40 |
Limited appearance |
Unresolved |
C028 |
— |
§§801.06/802.06 module |
| 41 |
Special mailed-service route |
Answered |
C029, C035–C038 |
S004, S014–S015 |
Actual mail/no-receipt facts |
| 42 |
Fifteen days after actual knowledge |
Answered |
C029 |
S004, S014 |
Actual date |
| 43 |
One-year mail-service cap |
Answered |
C029 |
S004, S014 |
Entry date |
| 44 |
Written verified petition |
Answered |
C029, C048 |
S004, S014 |
Complete facts |
| 45 |
Petition form supplied by court |
Answered |
C048 |
S014 |
Supplement allowed |
| 46 |
Mail-route hearing |
Answered |
C036 |
S004, S015 |
Hearing date |
| 47 |
Mail-route mandatory stay |
Answered |
C035 |
S004, S015 |
Judgment must exist |
| 48 |
Mail-route vacatur |
Answered |
C037 |
S004 |
Petition granted |
| 49 |
Mail-route merits trial |
Answered |
C037 |
S004 |
Underlying proof remains |
| 50 |
Mail-route denial/revoke stay |
Answered |
C038 |
S004 |
Actual order |
| 51 |
Satisfied judgment |
Answered as possible ground |
C030 |
S005 |
Payment/release proof |
| 52 |
Released judgment |
Answered as possible ground |
C030 |
S005 |
Agreement scope |
| 53 |
Discharged judgment |
Answered as possible ground |
C030, C048 |
S005 |
Bankruptcy module |
| 54 |
Reversal/vacatur of prior judgment |
Answered general ground |
C019 |
S005(1)(f) |
Actual dependency |
| 55 |
Prospective inequity |
Answered general ground |
C019 |
S005(1)(g) |
Narrow equitable application |
| 56 |
Catchall |
Answered guidepost |
C031–C032 |
S005, S021 |
Extraordinary only |
| 57 |
Catchall after twelve months |
Not available as ordinary end run |
C032 |
S019 |
Genuine voidness separate |
| 58 |
Motion automatically stays |
No |
C033 |
S005, S013 |
Court order needed |
| 59 |
Court-ordered ordinary stay |
Available |
C034 |
S013 |
Terms of order |
| 60 |
Reopening versus vacating |
Distinguished |
C039–C040 |
S013–S015 |
Actual order |
| 61 |
Reopening versus dismissal |
Distinguished |
C039 |
S013 |
Merits remain |
| 62 |
Reopening versus merits win |
Distinguished |
C039–C040 |
S013 |
Trial required |
| 63 |
Combined motion/merits hearing |
Possible |
C040 |
S013 |
Notice/fairness |
| 64 |
Terms and conditions |
Partial |
C041 |
S005, S013 |
Actual order |
| 65 |
Costs |
Partial/held |
C041 |
S005 |
Statutory basis |
| 66 |
Lien removed automatically |
No conclusion |
C041 |
— |
Postjudgment module |
| 67 |
Garnishment stopped automatically |
No ordinary automatic stay |
C033–C034 |
S005, S013 |
Court order |
| 68 |
Money automatically refunded |
No |
C042 |
S011 |
Separate restoration motion |
| 69 |
Restoration after set-aside |
Answered gateway |
C042 |
S011 |
Proof, interest, purchaser rights |
| 70 |
Clerical error |
Answered route boundary |
C045 |
S028 |
Actual record error |
| 71 |
Merits disagreement as clerical error |
Rejected |
C045 |
S028 |
Judicial motion required |
| 72 |
Commissioner trial demand |
Deferred but distinguished |
C044 |
S016 |
Future clock module |
| 73 |
Judge appeal |
Deferred but distinguished |
C044 |
S016 |
Appellate module |
| 74 |
Appeal from denial |
Deferred |
C044 |
S016 |
Appealable-order analysis |
| 75 |
Appeal clock tolling by motion |
Unresolved |
C044 |
— |
Future module |
| 76 |
SC-515A status |
Answered |
C046 |
S012 |
Form not statute |
| 77 |
SC-515B status |
Answered |
C047 |
S013 |
Court order controls |
| 78 |
SC-511A status |
Answered |
C048 |
S014 |
Verified petition |
| 79 |
SC-511B status |
Answered |
C049 |
S015 |
Actual order controls |
| 80 |
SC-6000V status |
Guidance only |
C044, C046–C049 |
S016 |
Local practice |
| 81 |
SC-6050V status |
Guidance only |
C016, C043 |
S017 |
Local order |
| 82 |
GF-184A status |
Clerical form only |
C045 |
S028 |
Merits excluded |
| 83 |
Published Mercado |
Answered |
C003, C019, C032 |
S019 |
Void-service issue not decided |
| 84 |
Published Mikrut |
Answered |
C024–C025, C031 |
S020 |
Not small-claims debt |
| 85 |
Published Miller |
Answered guidepost |
C031 |
S021 |
Ordinary civil case |
| 86 |
2026 Ceron |
Persuasive only |
C007–C008, C021 |
S022 |
Unpublished |
| 87 |
Ripco |
Persuasive unresolved hold |
C026 |
S023 |
Unpublished/assumed without deciding |
| 88 |
Benitez |
Persuasive only |
C027 |
S024 |
Unpublished |
| 89 |
Ryan |
Persuasive only |
C011–C013 |
S025 |
Different facts |
| 90 |
Zander |
Persuasive only |
C011, C020 |
S026 |
Different facts |
| 91 |
Gregory |
Persuasive only |
C020 |
S027 |
Summary-judgment notice posture |
| 92 |
Complete citator |
Not performed |
C051 |
Source audit |
Future research |
| 93 |
Local e-filing cutoff |
Unresolved |
C017 |
— |
County/court system |
| 94 |
County motion fee |
Unresolved |
C049 |
— |
County schedule |
| 95 |
Local hearing calendar |
Unresolved |
C049 |
— |
County rule |
| 96 |
Local remote practice |
Unresolved |
C018, C049 |
— |
County/judge order |
| 97 |
Local holiday/closure |
Conditional |
C016–C017 |
S009 |
Actual calendar |
| 98 |
Bankruptcy discharge merits |
Deferred |
C030, C048 |
— |
Bankruptcy module |
| 99 |
Ordinary large-claim vacatur |
Deferred |
C019 |
S005 |
Full general-civil pass |
| 100 |
P08 D2 old-to-new |
Answered |
C052 |
Reviewed row |
No retroactive acceptance |
| 101 |
Article/tool opportunity |
Answered as design boundary |
C053 |
Claims above |
No build/publication |
Core coverage rows: 101.
Category, territory, and procedural branches
| # |
Branch |
Status |
Claims |
Exact boundary |
| T1 |
Ordinary Wisconsin small-claims money default |
Principal scope |
C003–C043 |
Actual case excluded |
| T2 |
Plaintiff’s dismissed small-claims action |
Form route identified |
C004, C046 |
Actual dismissal facts |
| T3 |
Counterclaim default |
Form route identified |
C004, C046 |
Underlying claim excluded |
| T4 |
Improper-venue default |
Answered |
C009 |
Actual venue analysis needed |
| T5 |
Mail-served nonreceipt case |
Answered |
C029, C035–C038 |
Actual mail/knowledge facts |
| T6 |
Personal/substitute/publication service voidness claim |
Partial/unresolved |
C024–C028 |
Controlling small-claims exception issue |
| T7 |
Eviction small claims |
Excluded |
— |
Different reopening and possession consequences |
| T8 |
Replevin small claims |
Excluded |
— |
Property-possession consequences |
| T9 |
Ordinance/forfeiture |
Excluded except §799.29 distinction |
C005 |
20-day and stipulation branches |
| T10 |
Municipal/traffic case |
Excluded |
— |
Separate rules |
| T11 |
Ordinary large civil judgment |
Excluded |
C019 |
Full §806.07 module future |
| T12 |
Federal judgment |
Excluded |
— |
Federal Rule 60 |
| T13 |
Tribal judgment |
Excluded |
— |
Tribal procedure and recognition |
| T14 |
Foreign-state/country judgment |
Excluded |
— |
Recognition and forum law |
| T15 |
All 72 Wisconsin counties |
Not certified |
C016–C018, C049 |
Fees, filing, service, remote hearing, schedules |
Category/territorial rows: 15.
Deferred families
| # |
Deferred family |
Reason |
| D1 |
Ordinary large-claim §806.07 procedure |
Separate future module |
| D2 |
Appeal from judge’s order or judgment |
Separate appellate route |
| D3 |
Demand for trial after commissioner decision |
Separate clock and procedure |
| D4 |
New-trial merits after a completed trial |
§805.15/.16 only used as guideposts |
| D5 |
Full service-validity adjudication |
Actual service facts excluded |
| D6 |
§§801.06 and 802.06 waiver/limited appearance |
Only boundary identified |
| D7 |
Limitations and revival |
Separate substantive module |
| D8 |
Full consumer-contract and WCA merits |
P01-P03 unreviewed |
| D9 |
Creditor/debt-buyer licensing |
P01-P02 unreviewed |
| D10 |
Account documentation and validation |
P03 unreviewed |
| D11 |
Medical financial assistance |
P07 unreviewed |
| D12 |
Credit reporting and identity theft |
Separate passes |
| D13 |
Earnings and bank garnishment |
P11/P13 unreviewed |
| D14 |
Execution and exemptions |
P14/P15 unreviewed |
| D15 |
Bankruptcy discharge and automatic stay |
Separate federal module |
| D16 |
Judgment satisfaction, lien release, and restitution merits |
Only §806.09 gateway addressed |
| D17 |
Fraud on court / independent action |
Extraordinary separate route |
| D18 |
Full private remedies, damages, fees, and limitations |
Outside bounded pass |
| D19 |
Local county forms, e-filing, fees, and remote practices |
No 72-county certification |
| D20 |
Complete current integrated statute bodies |
Formal source-access hold |
| D21 |
Complete appellate citator and unpublished-decision inventory |
Not performed |
| D22 |
Actual party, docket, judgment, service, payment, or account |
Private facts prohibited |
| D23 |
Publication, operation, Wisconsin parent, A066, A097, or A098 acceptance |
Expressly withheld |
Deferred rows: 23.
Workflow inventory
| Workflow |
Subject |
Main claims |
| 1 |
Forgetfulness |
C004–C013 |
| 2 |
Credible emergency |
C006, C011–C013, C020 |
| 3 |
Never served / alleged voidness |
C024–C029 |
| 4 |
Voluntary appearance |
C028–C029 |
| 5 |
Inside one year but unreasonable delay |
C008, C021 |
| 6 |
Twelve-month anniversary and clerk closure |
C005, C017 |
| 7 |
Catchall after twelve months |
C019, C031–C032 |
| 8 |
Newly discovered record |
C022 |
| 9 |
Fraud and disputed discovery date |
C023 |
| 10 |
Mail-service 15-day clock |
C029, C035–C038 |
| 11 |
Mail-service one-year cap |
C029 |
| 12 |
Opponent misconduct |
C023, C030 |
| 13 |
Paid/released judgment |
C030, C042 |
| 14 |
Clerical versus merits error |
C045 |
| 15 |
Bankruptcy-discharge assertion |
C030, C048 |
| 16 |
Commissioner decision confusion |
C044 |
| 17 |
Enforcement underway |
C033–C038 |
| 18 |
Mailed motion-hearing notice |
C016 |
Workflow count: 18.
Final researcher self-check
Materials freshly read
Freshly read or inspected:
- current official Wisconsin §799.29 indexed fragment and failed full-body route;
- 2025 read-aids for §§799.04, 799.14, 799.29, 801.14, 801.15, 805.15, 805.16, 806.07, 806.09, and 807.13;
- SC-515A, SC-515B, SC-511A, SC-511B, SC-6000V, SC-6050V, GF-184A, and the forms index;
- published Mercado, Mikrut, and Miller;
- official unpublished Ceron, Ripco, Benitez, Ryan, Zander, and Gregory.
PDF images actually inspected include:
- SC-511A printed p.1 / zero 0;
- SC-6050V printed p.2 / zero 1;
- Ceron printed pp.4 and 9 / zero 3 and 8;
- Ripco printed p.5 / zero 4; and
- GF-184A printed p.1 / zero 0.
Currentness and authority limits
- The complete current integrated Wisconsin statute bodies were not rendered.
- Published opinions are separated from unpublished one-judge opinions.
- Unpublished decisions are used only as persuasive illustrations or to identify unresolved questions.
- No commercial citator or all-opinion certification was performed.
- No statewide form is treated as proof of every county’s filing, hearing, remote-appearance, or fee practice.
Timing checks
The conditional timing models are internally correct under their stated assumptions:
- May 15, 2026 + 12 months = May 15, 2027; modeled clerk-closure extension to Monday, May 17.
- November 2, 2026 + 15 days = November 17, 2026.
- Earlier of November 17 and December 1, 2026 = November 17.
- Eight business days before December 16, 2026 = December 4, 2026 under the no-holiday guidance model.
These are not individualized filing deadlines. The exact event satisfying “notice of motion made,” local e-filing cutoff, court closure, service completion, and order-specific schedule remain factual.
Register reconciliation
| Register |
Visible rows |
| Source register |
28 |
| Atomic claims |
53 |
| Core granular coverage |
101 |
| Category/territorial branches |
15 |
| Deferred families |
23 |
| Fictional workflows |
18 |
| Old-to-new disposition rows |
8 |
| Content/tool opportunities |
3 |
Sources, claims, core coverage, categories, deferrals, workflows, crosswalks, and opportunities are counted separately.
No actions performed
No named consumer, creditor, debt buyer, collector, provider, attorney, company, property, account, judgment, docket, service return, bankruptcy record, payment record, or private case was searched.
No motion, petition, answer, affidavit, stay request, appeal, filing, form, complaint, service, contact, record request, payment, purchase, account change, API, new chat, subagent, local coordinator file, website change, or publication occurred.
This is the researcher’s self-check, not independent review, complete current-law certification, an individualized timeliness, service, voidness, or reopening opinion, operational approval, publication approval, or acceptance of Wisconsin PASS-17, A066, A097, A098, or the parent dossier.
END S_WI PASS-17.