SettleADebt R028 PASS-01
New York’s published commercial-financing disclosure framework for sales-based financing
The selected framework is Financial Services Law Article 8, implemented by 23 NYCRR Part 600. It reaches specified offers of sales-based financing, including certain arrangements with fixed payments and reconciliation. Its disclosures describe funding, financing cost, estimated payments and duration, prepayment consequences, and other prescribed matters. Disclosure coverage or compliance does not establish that a transaction is a loan or a sale, that its charges are lawful, that a business is properly licensed, or that an obligation is collectible. The chapter amendment expressly preserves otherwise applicable illegality and licensing rules. See C001, C008, and C010–C027 below. NYSenate.gov+2
Currentness result: I verified the current official statutory pages, the agency’s final-adopted regulatory text, the actual adoption notice, and the agency’s presently served regulatory listing and 2026 rule-review entry. I could not retrieve the state-linked NYCRR compilation because it returned access errors. Consequently, the report establishes the selected published final-adopted framework, with a disclosed gap in independently confirming the entire later-current regulatory compilation and amendment history. It does not certify the absence of later amendments, stays, vacatur, or other judicial developments.
Access date: October 27, 2026, America/Los_Angeles. A clock check during the closing source review returned 17:41:26 PDT on October 27, 2026, corresponding to 00:41:26 UTC on October 28, 2026. That is an access-session marker, not an enactment, amendment, or effective date.
No actual transaction, provider, broker, recipient, contract, account, license, property, or case was investigated. No transaction figures or historical-sales inputs were invented. This answer contains the substantive findings, sources, claims, comparisons, worksheet, branches, coverage crosswalk, and limitations.
1. Source register and exact read bounds
How to read the register
Every source identifier below has the prefix R028-P1-. Later references such as S009, C081, and E013 mean R028-P1-S009, R028-P1-C081, and R028-P1-E013.
For HTML sources, printed-page and PDF-index fields are not applicable, except where the HTML reproduces a bill’s printed page number. For PDFs, indexes are zero-based.
Sources S001–S008 are sections of one statutory instrument, not eight independent corroborating authorities. S009’s two URLs serve the same adopted instrument. S023–S025 belong to the same federal regulation and its official interpretations. Alternate publication formats are grouped and are not counted as independent corroboration.
All access dates in this register are October 27, 2026, America/Los_Angeles.
A. New York Financial Services Law: current official statutory body
The Senate pages for the selected Article 8 sections identify their most recent revision as January 7, 2022. That is publisher revision metadata; the operative statutory date is addressed separately in S016 and C003.
| Source ID |
Issuer, title, complete HTTPS URL |
Exact substantive read extent |
Jurisdiction, version, status, limits |
| R028-P1-S001 |
New York State Senate, Financial Services Law §801, Definitions. https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/FIS/801 |
Entire §801(a)–(k), including all purpose-reliance language and role, product, finance-charge, and offer definitions. |
New York; current official statutory page, revision metadata 2022-01-07. Entire selected section read. NYSenate.gov |
| R028-P1-S002 |
New York State Senate, §802, Exemptions. https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/FIS/802 |
Entire introductory clause and exemptions (a)–(h). |
New York; current statutory body, same revision metadata. Every listed exemption read; no actual exempt status established. NYSenate.gov |
| R028-P1-S003 |
New York State Senate, §803, Sales-based financing disclosure requirements. https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/FIS/803 |
Entire introduction and (a)–(i), including complete (c)(i)–(ii), (f)(i)–(ii), and (h)(i)–(ii). |
New York; current statutory body. This is the principal sales-based disclosure statute. NYSenate.gov |
| R028-P1-S004 |
New York State Senate, §807, Other forms of financing disclosure requirements. https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/FIS/807 |
Entire introduction and (a)–(i). |
New York; read to establish the residual-category boundary and regulatory authority. Other-product implementation remains held. NYSenate.gov |
| R028-P1-S005 |
New York State Senate, §808, Disclosure requirements for renewal financing. https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/FIS/808 |
Entire conditional introduction and (a)–(b), including the fixed-repayment prepayment-charge formula. |
New York; current statutory body. No renewal transaction assumed. NYSenate.gov |
| R028-P1-S006 |
New York State Senate, §809, Required signature. https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/FIS/809 |
Entire section. |
New York; current statutory body. Wording is preserved separately from the regulation’s consummation rule. NYSenate.gov |
| R028-P1-S007 |
New York State Senate, §810, Additional information. https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/FIS/810 |
Entire section, including separation of additional information, restrictions on “rate” and “interest,” and APR statements during an application. |
New York; current statutory body. NYSenate.gov |
| R028-P1-S008 |
New York State Senate, §811, Rules and regulations; Article 8 index. https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/FIS/811; https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/FIS/A8 |
Entire §811 introduction and (a)–(d); Article 8 section index. |
New York. Article 8 includes §§801–812. §§804–806 were not substantively investigated; §812 remedies remain held. NYSenate.gov+1 |
B. Adopted Part 600, adoption record, agency explanations, and history
| Source ID |
Issuer, title, complete HTTPS URL |
Exact read extent and pages |
Version, effectiveness, status, limits |
| R028-P1-S009 |
NYDFS, Disclosure Requirements for Certain Providers of Commercial Financing Transactions, final-adopted 23 NYCRR Part 600. https://www.dfs.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2023/01/rf_finservices_23nycrr600_text.pdf. Agency-linked alias: https://www.dfs.ny.gov/industry_guidance/regulations/final_financial_services/rf_finservices_23nycrr600_text |
Complete selected sections listed in the next table. PDF has 53 pages: numbered text pp. 1–52, followed by unnumbered certification at index 52. |
New York; final-adopted text certified January 12, 2023; effective on publication of adoption notice. Final publication/effective date verified through S010. Parsed text read; no successful pixel inspection. Current-compilation gap S027 remains. dfs.ny.gov+1 |
| R028-P1-S010 |
NY Department of State, New York State Register, February 1, 2023, Vol. XLV, Issue 5, Part 600 Notice of Adoption. https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2023/02/020123.pdf |
Notice identification, filing/effective dates, action, authority, complete section-by-section adoption summary, comparison with prior publication, and beginning of comment assessment. Printed pp. 1–2; PDF indexes 6–7. The separate complete assessment was read through S012. |
Historical official adoption publication. Filing January 12, 2023; effective February 1, 2023. The entire 88-page Register was not read. dos.ny.gov+1 |
| R028-P1-S011 |
NYDFS, Part 600 Notice of Adoption. https://www.dfs.ny.gov/industry_guidance/regulations/final_financial_services/rf_finservices_23nycrr600_notice |
Items 1–6, printed pp. 1–2, indexes 0–1, including action, publication-based effectiveness, authority, and prior revised-proposal date. Later administrative fields were encountered but not used as a complete filing-form review. |
Five-page agency adoption form. “Rev. 1/17” is the administrative form revision, not a merchant disclosure version or effective date. No form filled or submitted. Notice |
| R028-P1-S012 |
NYDFS, Assessment of Public Comments for Revised Proposed 23 NYCRR 600. https://www.dfs.ny.gov/industry_guidance/regulations/final_financial_services/rf_finservices_23nycrr600_apc |
Complete comments and agency responses 1–9, printed pp. 1–6, indexes 0–5. |
Agency rulemaking explanation accompanying final adoption. Commenters’ positions are not law; agency responses are explanatory material, not substitutes for the enacted/adopted text. APC |
| R028-P1-S013 |
NYDFS, Regulatory Activity—Financial Services Law. https://www.dfs.ny.gov/industry_guidance/regulatory_activity/financial_services |
Current preproposal, proposal, emergency, and final-adoption listings, particularly the Part 600 final-adoption row and notice that final postings may be retained only temporarily. |
Current agency publication accessed in this session. Sections show different update dates: preproposal/emergency August 26, 2026; proposals July 22, 2026; final-adoption section November 1, 2023. These are publication metadata, not Part 600 operative dates or a complete amendment audit. Department of Financial Services |
| R028-P1-S014 |
NYDFS, 2026 Three and Five Year Review of Agency Rules. https://www.dfs.ny.gov/industry_guidance/regulatory_and_legislative_activities/agency_rules_3and5year_review |
Part 600 review entry, printed p. 74, index 73. |
Current agency review document describing the 2023 adoption. The invitation for comments on the rule is not itself an amendment. Other entries and the entire 75-page document were not substantively reviewed. dfs.ny.gov |
| R028-P1-S015 |
New York State Senate, enacted S5470B, Laws of 2020, chapter 369. https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2019/S5470 |
Official action showing signature December 23, 2020; B-version original §802(g) threshold and original act §2, including printed bill p. 9 for the original 180-day effective-date clause. |
Historical enacted-bill text and action record. The page also contains earlier bill versions; those were not conflated with B. No complete session-law or all-version comparison claimed. nysenate.gov+2 |
| R028-P1-S016 |
New York State Senate, enacted S898, Laws of 2021, chapter 61. https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S898 |
Official signed-chapter action; amended §§802–803; complete act §§2–3 concerning saving language and effectiveness. The latter appear on printed bill pp. 6–7 in HTML. |
Signed February 16, 2021. Establishes January 1, 2022 underlying statutory effectiveness, immediate rulemaking authorization, and preservation of other illegality/licensing requirements. Not a complete subsequent session-law audit. nysenate.gov+3 |
| R028-P1-S017 |
NYDFS, February 1, 2023 release announcing adoption of commercial-financing disclosure regulation. https://www.dfs.ny.gov/reports_and_publications/press_releases/pr202302011 |
Entire substantive release. |
Historical agency announcement, used as context only. It does not replace the adoption notice or operative text. Department of Financial Services |
S009: exact Part 600 clause and page map
| Provision |
Complete selected read |
Printed pages |
PDF indexes |
| §600.0 |
(a), (b)(1)–(8), including nested clauses |
1–2 |
0–1 |
| §600.1 |
All definitions (a)–(ap), including nested definitions |
2–9 |
1–8 |
| §600.2 |
(a)(1)–(4), (b)–(d) |
9–10 |
8–9 |
| §600.3 |
(a)–(d) |
10 |
9 |
| §600.4 |
(a)(1)–(3), (b)–(c) |
11 |
10 |
| §600.5 |
(a)–(p), all nested formatting and estimate conditions |
11–14 |
10–13 |
| §600.6 |
Introduction and (a)–(m), all required sales-based rows and conditions |
14–18 |
13–17 |
| §600.7 |
(a)(1)–(5), (b)(1)–(6) |
18–19 |
17–18 |
| §600.8 |
(a), (b)(1)–(6), (c)(1)–(3) |
19–20 |
18–19 |
| §600.9 |
(a)–(k), including all audit exclusions and thresholds |
20–22 |
19–21 |
| §600.10 |
Introductory routing paragraph only |
22 |
21 |
| §600.15 |
Introductory routing paragraph only |
40 |
39 |
| §600.17 |
(a)(1)–(6), (b)(1)–(2) examples, (c)(1)–(4) |
47–48 |
46–47 |
| §600.18 |
(a)–(c) |
48–49 |
47–48 |
| §600.19 |
Introduction and (a)–(d), complete threshold conditions |
49–50 |
48–49 |
| §600.20 |
(a)–(b) |
50 |
49 |
| §600.21 |
(a)–(g), all nested broker/financer/provider duties |
50–51 |
49–50 |
| §600.22 |
(a)–(d), all reporting provisions |
51–52 |
50–51 |
| §600.24 |
(a)–(b) |
52 |
51 |
| §600.25 |
(a)–(b) |
52 |
51 |
| Certification |
Entire certification and proposal-publication dates |
Unnumbered |
52 |
Section 600.23 was encountered in full while reading adjacent provisions, but assignment rights and their UCC implementation remain outside this component. Other-product text incidentally returned with adjacent excerpts was not treated as a completed review of §§600.10–600.16.
C. Necessary cross-references and imported calculation rules
| Source ID |
Issuer, title, complete HTTPS URL |
Read extent |
Version/status and limits |
| R028-P1-S018 |
New York State Senate, UCC §2-A-103. https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/UCC/2-A-103 |
Definitions (1)(h), (h-1), and (j), especially the complete lease definition. |
Current official page; revision metadata June 5, 2026. No actual lease/security-interest characterization or full UCC §1-203 investigation. NYSenate.gov |
| R028-P1-S019 |
New York State Senate, VTL §415 and §137-a. https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/VAT/415; https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/VAT/137-A |
§415(1)(a)–(j) complete; additional adjacent definitions encountered. §137-a entire definition. |
§415 revision metadata April 3, 2026; §137-a September 22, 2014. Definitions only for exemption boundaries; no licensing/registration records or actual dealer determination. NYSenate.gov+1 |
| R028-P1-S020 |
New York State Senate, GBL §396-z. https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/GBS/396-Z |
Current (1)(b), (c), (k); effectiveness notices; future-version (1)(c) compared. |
Page revision metadata July 7, 2023. Current and future bodies are separately displayed: present version until June 30, 2028; future version effective June 30, 2028. Rental-company definition selected here; full rental-protection regime held. NYSenate.gov+1 |
| R028-P1-S021 |
New York State Senate and ITS, State Technology Law Article 3, ESRA. https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/STT/A3; https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/STT/301; https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/STT/302; https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/STT/303; https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/STT/304; https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/STT/305; https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/STT/306; https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/STT/307; https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/STT/308; https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/STT/309; parallel ITS publication: https://its.ny.gov/nys-technology-law |
Article index and §§301–309 across the official publications; particularly §302 signature definition, §§304–306 validity/records/evidence, all §307 exceptions, §308 confidentiality, and §309 voluntariness. |
Current statute, with §307 showing current/future alternatives. Current §307(1) lasts until December 12, 2027; future text is separately labeled effective that date. General metadata for many sections is 2014-09-22; §307 metadata 2026-02-27. No actual electronic-signature implementation approved. NYSenate.gov+5 |
| R028-P1-S022 |
New York ITS, Electronic Signatures and Records Act Regulation, 9 NYCRR Part 540. https://its.ny.gov/electronic-signatures-and-records-act-esra-regulation |
§§540.1–540.6 complete; §540.7 encountered but not analyzed. Relevant private-signature provisions: §540.4(a)–(b), §540.5(a). |
Agency-hosted text expressly labeled an unofficial convenience copy. No complete Part 540 amendment/effective-date audit. Government-specific certification and risk-assessment rules were not converted into universal private-business requirements. Office of Information Technology Services+2 |
| R028-P1-S023 |
OFR/GPO eCFR and CFPB, Regulation Z §1026.4, Finance charge. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/chapter-X/part-1026/subpart-A/section-1026.4; https://www.consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/regulations/1026/4/ |
Regulatory body (a)–(f) read in full through eCFR; corresponding CFPB body compared. Interleaved commentary was encountered, but no complete commentary audit is claimed. |
Federal rule imported by New York for calculation. eCFR currency displayed through October 26, 2026 on later retrieval; title-level last-amended metadata October 23, 2026 is not a §1026.4 amendment date. eCFR is an authoritative electronic publication but not the official legal edition. Nonselected overdraft-related differences between displays were not used to support an SBF proposition. ecfr.gov+4 |
| R028-P1-S024 |
OFR/GPO eCFR and CFPB, Regulation Z §1026.22, Determination of annual percentage rate. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/chapter-X/part-1026/subpart-C/section-1026.22; https://www.consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/regulations/1026/22/ |
Body (a)–(d); official interpretations 22(a)(1)-1 through -5, 22(a)(2)-1, and 22(a)(3)-1. |
Federal imported calculation authority. CFPB labels its page current. Official interpretations are identified as interpretations, not New York statutes or staff correspondence. No CFPB circular, bulletin, or advisory was relied upon. ecfr.gov+1 |
| R028-P1-S025 |
OFR/GPO eCFR and CFPB, Regulation Z Appendix J. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/chapter-X/part-1026/appendix-Appendix%20J%20to%20Part%201026; https://www.consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/regulations/1026/j/ |
Text of (a)(1)–(3), (b)(1)–(6), and textual iteration instruction (b)(9)(ii). |
Imported actuarial framework. Image-based symbols/equations in (b)(7)–(9) were not pixel-inspected; the full example collection was not read. No APR solver or numerical transaction illustration is claimed. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau+3 |
| R028-P1-S026 |
U.S. House OLRC, 15 USC §1602(g), and GPO 2024 edition of the same statute. https://uscode.house.gov/us/usc/119-121/t15/s1602/; https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title15/html/USCODE-2024-title15-chap41-subchapI-partA-sec1602.htm |
Complete §1602(g); adjacent definitions encountered. |
OLRC states laws in effect through Public Law 119-121, October 9, 2026. GPO 2024 publication is historical corroborating text of the same instrument. Used only for Part 600’s as-if creditor calculation premise; actual federal creditor status held. uscode.house.gov+1 |
D. Current-compilation and guidance-search limitations
2. Atomic claim ledger: substantive findings
All Part 600 propositions below refer to the retrieved final-adopted text, subject to the current-compilation limitation above. The “conditions/limits” column is part of each claim.
A. Codification, adoption, dates, and legal effect
| Claim ID |
Atomic finding |
Conditions, exceptions, and limits |
Provision-specific support |
| R028-P1-C001 |
The statutory framework is Financial Services Law Article 8; Part 600 implements its commercial-financing disclosure provisions. |
This component reads §§801–803 and 807–811, not the entire law of commercial finance. Article 8’s other-product and enforcement components remain held. |
S001–S008; S009 §600.0. |
| R028-P1-C002 |
The original enactment was Laws of 2020, chapter 369, signed December 23, 2020. |
Its original 180-day effective-date clause and lower amount threshold are historical; they are not substituted for the amended law. |
S015, official action; B-version §802(g), act §2. |
| R028-P1-C003 |
Laws of 2021, chapter 61, signed February 16, 2021, amended the framework and set the underlying act’s operative date to January 1, 2022. |
The amendment also authorized implementing rulemaking immediately; its own effectiveness provision coordinates the amended statutory sections with the underlying act. |
S016, act §§2–3. |
| R028-P1-C004 |
January 7, 2022 on the selected Senate pages is revision metadata. |
It is not the statutory operative date, final-rule adoption date, or compliance date. |
S001–S008 compared with S016. |
| R028-P1-C005 |
Part 600 was filed January 12, 2023 and became effective February 1, 2023; its six-month compliance interval yields August 1, 2023. |
August 1 is the calendar result of §600.25(b) applied to the verified February 1 publication date. Effectiveness and compliance are different events. No actual transaction deadline is inferred. |
S010 notice; S009 §600.25(a)–(b). |
| R028-P1-C006 |
The currently served DFS listing and its 2026 rule-review entry continue to identify the February 1, 2023 Part 600 adoption. |
Neither publication supplies a complete later-amendment, session-law, or judicial-history audit. The unavailable NYCRR compilation remains a material currentness gap. |
S013, S014, S027. |
| R028-P1-C007 |
The 2021 proposal and September 14, 2022 revised proposal are historical stages, not the final operative text. |
Their dates are verified in the certification/adoption material. Their complete bodies were not read, and no full proposal-to-final redline is claimed. |
S009 certification; S010–S012. |
| R028-P1-C008 |
The disclosure enactment does not authorize otherwise illegal transactions or dispense with an otherwise required license. |
It therefore cannot alone settle loan characterization, usury, licensing, enforceability, or collectibility. Those questions require different authority and facts and remain held. |
S016 saving clause; S001 §801(h). |
| R028-P1-C009 |
The agency’s comment assessment can explain drafting choices but does not replace statutory or regulatory language. |
Its response concerning retention uses narrower terminology than §600.21(d); that difference is preserved below. No staff statement is treated as legislation. |
S012 responses 1–9; S009 §600.21(d). |
The actual adoption notice, the delayed compliance clause, and the chapter amendment support these distinctions directly. dos.ny.gov+4
B. Scope, roles, nexus, thresholds, and every statutory exemption
| Claim ID |
Atomic finding |
Conditions, exceptions, and limits |
Provision-specific support |
| R028-P1-C010 |
Commercial financing is financing whose proceeds the recipient does not intend to use primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. |
The provider may rely on a separate signed statement, a signed/consented application or other document, or an oral statement documented in the application file. Electronic consent is permitted. The statute does not require checking later actual use against that statement. |
S001 §801(b). |
| R028-P1-C011 |
Sales-based financing includes repayment varying as a percentage of sales/revenue and fixed-payment financing with reconciliation adjusting payment to such a percentage. |
A product label alone does not establish the definition. Fixed scheduled debits alone do not exclude the category when the defined reconciliation arrangement exists. |
S001 §801(j); S009 §600.1(ah), (ap)(1). |
| R028-P1-C012 |
A provider extends a specific offer; unless exempt, the definition also includes a person who solicits and presents specific offers for a third party. |
Making an offer or giving disclosures alone does not mean originating, making, funding, or providing the financing. The regulation includes a financer communicating through an agent or broker with an expectation of onward communication. |
S001 §801(h); S009 §600.1(ad). |
| R028-P1-C013 |
A financer is the person providing or to provide the financing; a broker is a compensated participant in the specified intermediation activities. |
Broker activities include negotiation, advice, preparation/gathering/delivery of documents, communications, or obtaining signatures. Financer, recipient, and recipient’s agent are excluded from that broker definition. Mere role labels do not resolve overlapping provider duties. |
S009 §600.1(j), (q). |
| R028-P1-C014 |
A recipient applies and receives a specific offer; an authorized representative can qualify, but a broker cannot be the recipient. |
For one offer, controlled, controlling, or commonly controlled recipients are included together only when the single offer is conveyed simultaneously in the same writing. This is not general aggregation of all affiliates or all transactions. |
S001 §801(i); S009 §600.1(ab), (ae). |
| R028-P1-C015 |
The disclosure nexus is a recipient business principally directed or managed from New York, or a natural-person recipient legally resident in New York. |
A provider may rely on the specified written representation/business address; for a natural person, the specified government-ID address or written legal-address representation. Provider location alone is not the adopted nexus test. No actual address or ID was sought. |
S009 §600.24(a)–(b); S012 response 1. |
| R028-P1-C016 |
Financial institutions described by §801(f) are exempt. The regulation includes entities majority-owned through voting power by such an institution, directly or indirectly. |
The statutory bank, trust, industrial-loan, savings, and credit-union categories contain charter/authorization conditions, including authorization to transact business in New York. Mere affiliation or use of a banking service is not the stated majority-voting-power condition. |
S001 §801(f); S002 §802(a); S009 §600.1(r); S012 responses 2–3. |
| R028-P1-C017 |
A technology-services provider can be exempt when serving an exempt entity’s financing program. |
It must have no interest, and no arrangement or agreement to purchase an interest, in financing extended through that program. The exemption is capacity- and condition-specific. |
S002 §802(b). |
| R028-P1-C018 |
A lender regulated under the federal Farm Credit Act is exempt. |
The statute requires that regulated status; no actual institution’s status was investigated. The entire federal Farm Credit regulatory system was not independently analyzed. |
S002 §802(c). |
| R028-P1-C019 |
A commercial-financing transaction secured by real property is exempt. |
The clause does not say that any collateral, guarantee, or security interest is enough. No actual security or property facts were investigated. |
S002 §802(d). |
| R028-P1-C020 |
A lease within UCC §2-A-103 is exempt. |
That definition concerns transfer of possession/use of goods for a term and consideration, excluding a sale or retention/creation of a security interest. A security-interest “lease financing” is separately defined in Part 600. Actual characterization remains held. |
S002 §802(e); S018 §2-A-103(1)(j); S009 §600.1(w). |
| R028-P1-C021 |
A person or provider making no more than five commercial-financing transactions in New York in a twelve-month period is exempt. |
The unit is not stated as five sales-based transactions, five offers, or five transactions in a calendar year. Section 600.1(am)’s advances definition expressly addresses §801(c), so it cannot silently settle the §802(f) counting issue. |
S002 §802(f); S009 §600.1(am). |
| R028-P1-C022 |
An individual commercial-financing transaction over $2,500,000 is exempt under the amount clause. |
Exactly $2,500,000 is not exempt under this clause alone. The regulation uses the aggregate amount available under the agreement, not a particular advance; ordinary sales-based financing uses “amount financed” under §600.19(d). |
S002 §802(g); S009 §600.1(b), §600.19(d). |
| R028-P1-C023 |
Other categories have different threshold measures. |
Open-end uses approved credit limit. Asset-based/factoring treatment requires the specified general agreement, limit above $2.5 million, and timely written reasonable expectation that more than $2.5 million will be advanced and outstanding; without all conditions the offer is deemed at or below the threshold. Those categories are boundary reads, not completed product studies. |
S009 §600.19(a)–(c), all nested clauses. |
| R028-P1-C024 |
The dealer/rental-company exemption requires the specified recipient or affiliate status and an agreement or open-end plan of at least $50,000. |
It includes loans made pursuant to that transaction. It is not a blanket exemption for financing a vehicle. Dealer and rental-company definitions were read; no actual dealer, affiliate, vehicle, or registration status was inferred. |
S002 §802(h); S019 §415(1), §137-a; S020 §396-z(1)(b), (c), (k). |
| R028-P1-C025 |
Part 600 excludes a transaction subject to TILA for which a TILA-compliant disclosure is provided. |
Both predicates matter. Voluntarily using a TILA-style form for a transaction not subject to TILA does not establish this exclusion. |
S009 §600.1(m); S012 response 7. |
| R028-P1-C026 |
Sales-based, closed-end, open-end, factoring, and lease definitions must be distinguished before selecting a disclosure format. |
Open-end requires the stated repeat-credit/replenishment features; factoring concerns existing legally enforceable payment claims for supplied goods/rendered services. Some sales-based arrangements also meet the closed-end definition; §600.10’s introduction routes such arrangements away from its ordinary closed-end format. |
S001 §801(a), (c), (d), (j); S009 §600.1(k); §600.10 introduction. |
| R028-P1-C027 |
Section 600.6 expressly excludes asset-based lending that also meets the sales-based definition from its sales-based table. |
Asset-based lending has the advance/forwarding-payment conditions in §600.1(e), (s), and its own §600.15 route. This report does not resolve that separate product’s full disclosure method. |
S009 §600.1(e), (s); §600.6 introduction; §600.15 introduction. |
These are conditional coverage rules. No combination of missing facts has been treated as proof either of coverage or of exemption. NYSenate.gov+5
C. Specific offers, changed terms, signatures, brokers, and funding distinctions
| Claim ID |
Atomic finding |
Conditions, exceptions, and limits |
Provision-specific support |
| R028-P1-C028 |
The statute’s specific offer is recipient-informed financing terms, including price or amount, binding on the provider if accepted, subject to stated specific requirements. |
The statute’s wording must be preserved; it does not itself establish that any communication was accepted or all conditions were fulfilled. |
S001 §801(k). |
| R028-P1-C029 |
The regulation defines a specific offer as a written recipient-informed communication combining a payment/financing amount with a rate, price, or cost. |
The communication must be binding if accepted. Name, address, or general interest alone is not the relevant recipient information. This is more detailed than the statute’s “price or amount” wording. |
S009 §600.1(ai). |
| R028-P1-C030 |
A covered provider supplies the prescribed sales-based disclosures when extending the specific offer. |
Ordinary advertisement/inquiry labels are not decisive; the actual statutory and regulatory offer predicates govern. No actual communication was examined. |
S003 introduction; S009 §600.1(f)(1), §600.3(a). |
| R028-P1-C031 |
Simultaneous offers and customizable menus have a selection rule. |
When the recipient selects from multiple qualifying options, disclosure timing is tied to selection; the provider need provide disclosures for the particular offer elected for pursuit. This does not authorize omitting disclosure for the selected offer. |
S009 §600.1(f)(1), (4). |
| R028-P1-C032 |
A written offer to change an already consummated financing requires disclosure before agreement if the changes increase finance charge or APR. |
The express exception is proposed terms resolving the recipient’s default. This clause is not a general exemption for every renewal, workout, or new financing. |
S009 §600.1(f)(2). |
| R028-P1-C033 |
A changing payoff amount already included in a disclosure does not, by itself, require a new disclosure before consummation. |
Section 600.5(n) is limited to that cause. The funding row must give the applicable warning about changing or unknown payoff deductions. Other changed terms must be evaluated separately. |
S009 §600.5(n); §600.6(b)(3)(iii)–(iv). |
| R028-P1-C034 |
A special draw-by-draw rule exists for certain retailer/supplier open-end financing. |
All three conditions are required: draw at purchase, variable rate/price depending on retailer/product, and election to use §600.10 instead of §600.11. This is a boundary exception, not a general sales-based funding rule. |
S009 §600.1(f)(3)(i)–(iii). |
| R028-P1-C035 |
The application-stage cost-metric restriction and the APR statement trigger are not identical. |
Nonannual metrics cannot be presented as a “rate” throughout the defined application process; the adopted rule ties the APR-alongside-rate/amount requirement to quotation of a specific offer and subsequent application communications. |
S007 §810; S009 §600.1(f)(1), (n), §600.3(b); S012 response 9. |
| R028-P1-C036 |
Section 809 requires the recipient’s signature on required disclosures before authorization to proceed further with the transaction application. |
That statutory wording is not rewritten as “only at funding.” Electronic signature is expressly allowed. |
S006 entire section. |
| R028-P1-C037 |
Section 600.18 requires the signature before consummation and, for a consummated transaction with multiple negotiating disclosures, only on the final corresponding disclosure. |
It does not require signatures for transactions that are not consummated. This is the adopted implementation; the difference from §809’s application-stage wording remains visible. |
S009 §600.18(a), (c). |
| R028-P1-C038 |
An entity recipient’s disclosure may be signed by an authorized natural person who is not a broker. |
Authority to sign is a factual predicate. Broker delivery or obtaining a signature does not make the broker the permissible recipient signatory. |
S009 §600.18(a); S001 §801(i). |
| R028-P1-C039 |
Electronic signatures may be used, including qualifying button/checkbox processes; electronically consummated transactions may use electronic or fax signatures. |
The process must satisfy ESRA. Electronic disclosure/signature is allowed regardless of the later agreement’s delivery medium. No actual click, authority, intent, or authentication was established. |
S009 §600.5(b), §600.18(a)–(b); S021 §302(3), §304; S022 §540.4(a)–(b). |
| R028-P1-C040 |
The prescribed signature legend acknowledges receipt of information. |
Its presence or a button labeled “Accept” does not, by itself, prove substantive contract acceptance, contract formation, satisfaction of offer conditions, or funding. |
S009 §600.5(b), read with S001 §801(k) and S009 §600.18. |
| R028-P1-C041 |
Electronic execution requires an automatic date stamp and a signed copy the recipient can retain indefinitely. |
Merely sending a link does not establish fulfillment of these conditions. ESRA also requires the signature’s association with the record and intent to sign; statutory exceptions and voluntariness remain relevant. |
S009 §600.5(j); S021 §§302, 307, 309; S022 §540.4(b). |
| R028-P1-C042 |
Required disclosures are separate from contracts and other disclosure documents. |
They may travel in one package; electronic material may share an attachment/link if separated by page breaks. Additional voluntary financing information cannot simply be inserted into the required disclosure. |
S009 §600.5(e); S007 §810. |
| R028-P1-C043 |
A required amount-financed itemization is a separate, immediately following document that need not be signed. |
Its trigger is amount financed greater than recipient funds. The unsigned exception does not eliminate the main disclosure’s signature requirements. |
S009 §600.17(a), (c)(1)–(4). |
| R028-P1-C044 |
A broker receiving the financer’s disclosures must transmit them unaltered before communicating the specific offer and return transmission evidence, including time. |
Alternatively, the broker may obtain confirmation that the financer supplied the disclosures directly. Delivery obligations remain distinct from signature and contract acceptance. |
S009 §600.21(b)–(c). |
| R028-P1-C045 |
A financer giving a broker a specific offer must supply compliant disclosures and establish reasonable procedures for timely recipient delivery. |
Direct delivery to the recipient is an alternative under §600.21(e). The listed contractual, investigation, and discontinuation procedures are examples of reasonable procedures, not an assertion that every example is invariably mandatory. |
S009 §600.21(a), (e). |
| R028-P1-C046 |
The adopted text requires retention of specified disclosure and transmission records for at least four years. |
Financer transmission-evidence retention runs from presentation to the recipient; §600.21(d) separately requires a provider to retain generated disclosures from presentation to recipient or provision to broker. The APC’s statement that retention applies only to financers is narrower and is not used to erase the adopted wording. |
S009 §600.21(a)(2), (d); S012 response 5. |
| R028-P1-C047 |
When a broker is involved, the provider must explain in writing how and by whom the broker will be compensated. |
The final rule does not prescribe a dedicated broker-compensation row or fixed form for that explanation. That does not eliminate separately applicable finance-charge/itemization treatment. |
S009 §600.21(f); S012 response 5. |
| R028-P1-C048 |
Section 600.21 does not require a broker to evaluate the financer’s disclosure accuracy or create broker liability for the financer’s noncompliant disclosure. |
It does not limit liability arising from the broker’s own representations. No actual liability conclusion is made. |
S009 §600.21(g)(1)–(3). |
| R028-P1-C049 |
Delivery, receipt, signed acknowledgment, offer acceptance, consummation, and funding are separate analytical events. |
The selected texts impose event-specific duties but do not provide evidence that any event occurred. No universal waiting period, actual funding deadline, or actual contract-formation result is established here. |
S001 §801(h), (k); S003 introduction; S006; S009 §§600.5, 600.18, 600.21. |
The broker sequence and signature exceptions are explicit in the adopted body; they should not be collapsed into a generic “signed at funding” rule. dfs.ny.gov+5
D. Funding, finance charge, APR, and other cost measures
| Claim ID |
Atomic finding |
Conditions, exceptions, and limits |
Provision-specific support |
| R028-P1-C050 |
For sales-based financing, amount financed is funds provided to the recipient or on the recipient’s behalf, less prepaid finance charge. |
It is not necessarily cash deposited directly to the recipient. A prepaid finance charge includes qualifying separately paid charges before/at consummation or charges withheld from proceeds. |
S009 §600.1(a)(1), (ac). |
| R028-P1-C051 |
Recipient funds are the net funds provided directly to the recipient. |
They exclude third-party payments, including broker payments, and known payoffs/paydowns. For changing obligations, the provider may use the balance at disclosure. Actual later funding may therefore differ. |
S009 §600.1(af). |
| R028-P1-C052 |
Finance charge is the dollar cost of financing and imports Regulation Z’s charge rules on an as-if consumer-credit/creditor basis. |
A non-factoring receivables-purchase discount is also included. Importing that calculation does not determine that TILA actually applies or that the transaction is legally a loan. |
S001 §801(e); S009 §600.2(a)(1)–(2); S023; S026 §1602(g). |
| R028-P1-C053 |
Finance-charge treatment depends on the charge’s function and conditions, not its label alone. |
Regulation Z generally includes incident-to/condition-of-credit charges, with rules for third-party charges and specified exceptions. Cash-comparable charges, application fees charged to all applicants, and actual unanticipated late/default charges have distinct rules. |
S023 §1026.4(a), (b), (c)(1)–(2). |
| R028-P1-C054 |
Insurance, debt-cancellation, security-related official fees, and similar exclusions are conditional. |
For example, voluntary credit-insurance/debt-cancellation exclusions require the specified disclosures and affirmative request; property-insurance and itemized security-fee exclusions have their own conditions. No particular fee was classified. |
S023 §1026.4(d)–(f), with complete surrounding conditions read. |
| R028-P1-C055 |
Part 600 prevents double counting and excludes avoidable charges not imposed incident to credit. |
“Avoidable” alone is not a universal exclusion. For benchmark-plus-margin charges that cannot be known in advance, the rule uses the benchmark at disclosure plus the margin for unknown future periods. |
S009 §600.2(b)–(d); §600.5(l). |
| R028-P1-C056 |
APR measures financing cost annually using both the amounts and timing of value received and payments made, including finance charges. |
Section 600.3 permits the actuarial or United States Rule method; §803 requires an estimate based on the prescribed sales/payment/term projection. It does not authorize substituting a factor or dollar charge for APR. |
S003 §803(c); S009 §600.3(a)–(c); S024 §1026.22(a)(1). |
| R028-P1-C057 |
The actuarial and U.S. Rule methods differ in treatment of unpaid accrued finance charges. |
The official interpretation explains capitalization under the actuarial method and separate accumulation under the U.S. Rule. These are calculation conventions, not conclusions about lawful interest or permissible contractual capitalization. |
S024 official interpretations 22(a)(1)-1 through -3. |
| R028-P1-C058 |
Appendix J’s annualization depends on a correctly determined unit period and payment timing. |
The text read specifies nominal annualization and unit-period conventions; daily, weekly, monthly, and semimonthly periods have distinct annual units. Its month-fraction convention is not the same as Part 600’s optional 30.4-day monthly-cost conversion. No numerical solver was run. |
S025 Appendix J(a), (b)(1)–(6); S009 §600.1(h), (p). |
| R028-P1-C059 |
A sales split percentage, a financing factor, an annual interest rate, APR, finance charge, and total payment answer different questions. |
Part 600 defines the split percentage for payment/true-up calculations. It does not supply a universal factor formula or denominator. Section 810 restricts presenting nonannual cost metrics as a “rate” and using “interest” for nonannual percentages. |
S007; S009 §600.1(u), (ak), §600.3. |
| R028-P1-C060 |
Multiple-payment-option disclosures use the minimum contractually permitted payments; demand balances have a prescribed assumed-term rule. |
Demand uses one year unless faster repayment is reasonably anticipated; an alternate maturity stated in the legal obligation controls. No such contractual option or demand obligation is assumed to exist. |
S009 §600.20(a)–(b). |
The federal provisions are used because the New York statute and rule expressly import them. Their use here does not introduce a separate federal consumer-credit coverage or preemption determination. dfs.ny.gov+5
E. Every selected sales-based disclosure item and format condition
| Claim ID |
Atomic finding |
Conditions, exceptions, and limits |
Provision-specific support |
| R028-P1-C061 |
The sales-based format is a prescribed ten-row, three-column table, subject to its express additional-row rule. |
It applies to §600.6 transactions; sales-based asset-based lending is excluded from this format. Some cells are merged as prescribed. This report is not a completed disclosure form. |
S009 §600.6 introduction, (a)–(m). |
| R028-P1-C062 |
The funding row gives amount financed and, when lower, net recipient funds with the required itemization reference. |
It also requires applicable explanations of changing known payoffs, unknown mandatory third-party payoffs, and same-provider renewal charges. |
S003 §803(a); S009 §600.6(b). |
| R028-P1-C063 |
The APR row explains annualized estimated cost and identifies the assumed monthly income through the relevant payment channel/mechanism. |
It warns that actual income and effective APR may vary. If no finance-charge component is interest-based, the additional prescribed explanation distinguishes APR from an interest rate. |
S009 §600.6(c)(1)–(4). |
| R028-P1-C064 |
The finance-charge row states dollar financing cost. |
A statement that the charge will not increase with longer repayment is optional only when it will not increase under any circumstance if repayment takes longer than estimated. |
S003 §803(b); S009 §600.6(d). |
| R028-P1-C065 |
The total-payment row states total estimated contractual payments. |
Section 803(d) separately defines total repayment as disbursement plus finance charge. The different amount concepts must not be silently equated without tracing deductions and charges. |
S003 §803(d); S009 §600.6(e). |
| R028-P1-C066 |
The payment row includes average estimated periodic payment/frequency, irregular payment dates/amounts, and reasonably anticipated true-up dates/amounts. |
A short explanation is required when necessary to explain why estimated payments differ from actual obligations. |
S003 §803(f); S009 §600.6(f). |
| R028-P1-C067 |
The payment-terms row explains daily-payment days, applicable sales-split operation, and true-up mechanics. |
If a true-up exists, it must explain the preset-payment derivation, mechanism and available contract reference, and minimum payments. A no-minimum/no-fixed-schedule statement is conditional on the actual terms. |
S009 §600.6(g). |
| R028-P1-C068 |
The term row gives estimated duration and explains the income assumptions underlying it. |
The estimate is the time for projected periodic payments to reach required repayment; it is not necessarily an unconditional maturity or prediction of actual payoff. |
S003 §803(e); S009 §600.6(h), §600.1(al)(4). |
| R028-P1-C069 |
The first prepayment row states whether finance charges beyond accrued unpaid interest remain payable and the maximum noninterest amount. |
The negative statement applies only when the contrary condition does not occur at any time during the term. Statutory percentage disclosure remains separately relevant under C074. |
S003 §803(h)(i); S009 §600.1(y)(1), §600.6(i)–(j). |
| R028-P1-C070 |
The second prepayment row states additional prepayment fees outside finance charge or gives the prescribed negative answer. |
It must address fees applicable at any time during the term, not merely on the offer date. |
S003 §803(h)(ii); S009 §600.6(k). |
| R028-P1-C071 |
The collateral row describes collateral requirements or security interests, if any. |
Disclosure of a security provision does not establish its attachment, validity, perfection, priority, or enforceability. |
S003 §803(i); S009 §600.6(l). |
| R028-P1-C072 |
Nonmonthly periodic payments require an additional estimated-monthly-cost row immediately after the total-payment row. |
If estimated monthly cost varies, the row lists the estimates and applicable periods and explains the calculation. Monthly cost includes projected payments; it is not merely monthly fees. |
S009 §600.1(p), §600.6(m). |
| R028-P1-C073 |
Section 803(g) requires a description of all other potential fees/charges outside finance charge, including draw, late, and returned-payment fees. |
Section 600.6 does not expressly allocate a general other-fees row. That layout gap does not establish permission to omit the statutory disclosure. Placement remains unresolved on the retrieved materials. |
S003 §803(g), compared with S009 §600.6(a)–(m). |
| R028-P1-C074 |
Section 803(h)(i) requires both the percentage of unpaid finance charge retained on early payoff/refinance and the maximum dollar amount. |
Section 600.6(j) expressly supplies a maximum-dollar statement but does not separately spell out the statutory percentage field. This is a preserved statute/layout gap. |
S003 §803(h)(i), compared with S009 §600.6(j). |
| R028-P1-C075 |
Required same-provider payoff as a condition of renewal triggers §808’s renewal disclosures. |
For fixed total repayment, the statute specifies its own prepayment-charge calculation and requires disclosure of actual disbursement reduction. No actual renewal or numerical charge is inferred. |
S005 §808 introduction, (a)–(b). |
| R028-P1-C076 |
The adopted renewal-row calculation does not use the same stated base as §808(a). |
Section 600.6(b)(3)(v) refers to a pro rata fee based on the fraction of original amount financed already repaid; §808(a) uses renewal payoff as a fraction of original total repayment, less forgiveness. These are not silently reconciled or numerically implemented here. |
S005 §808(a); S009 §600.6(b)(3)(v). |
| R028-P1-C077 |
When amount financed exceeds recipient funds, a separate itemization must be substantially similar to the rule’s example and contain the listed minimum components. |
Components include direct funds, applicable credit to the recipient’s existing obligation, third-party disbursements, their sum, prepaid finance charges/purpose, and amount financed. The rule permits generic descriptions for specified payee categories. No account number, payee, or transaction value was entered. |
S009 §600.17(a)–(c). |
| R028-P1-C078 |
Formatting requirements include a prominent summary heading, prescribed signature legend where applicable, numerical presentation, term units, APR rounding, font/column rules, outlined cells, and short-explanation limits. |
Term ≤1 year is in days from the day after consummation through final payment; longer terms use years/months with remaining-day month fractions to two decimals. APR is to two decimals; no fractional-cent dollar display. Fonts, 3:3:7 column safe format, and ≤60-word short explanations have their stated conditions and permitted accessibility/medium deviations. |
S009 §600.5(a)–(j), (m), (o)–(p). |
The prescribed table and itemization are regulatory requirements with embedded examples. They are not an executed contract, an agency-approved actual transaction, or proof that disclosure occurred. NYSenate.gov+5
F. Complete selected projection, reconciliation, audit, reporting, and tolerance rules
| Claim ID |
Atomic finding |
Conditions, exceptions, and limits |
Provision-specific support |
| R028-P1-C079 |
Section 803 permits historical or opt-in sales projections and requires notice to the superintendent of the method intended across sales-based offerings. |
The retrieved statutory text establishes the notice obligation; a separate current public election form, channel, or filing instruction was not retrieved. No filing or actual election is inferred. |
S003 §803(c); S028 search bound. |
| R028-P1-C080 |
The historical projection averages receipts through the relevant payment channel plus other-channel receipts that the contract would previously have required to be redirected there. |
It is not automatically total business revenue, bank deposits, or a hand-selected gross-sales figure. “Average” means arithmetic mean unless otherwise stated. |
S009 §600.1(g), (z); §600.8(b)(1). |
| R028-P1-C081 |
The ordinary regulatory historical window is fixed at four to twelve months, either preceding the offer or the same number of highest-volume months in the preceding twelve months. |
The rule permits fixing the period for all transactions or by recipient industry, financing amount, or both. The statute’s outer wording is one to twelve months; both texts are preserved. Exceptions below prevent treating four observed months as an unconditional minimum dataset. |
S003 §803(c)(i); S009 §600.8(b)(2). |
| R028-P1-C082 |
For a business operating less than twelve months, the provider may average the months of operation. |
No minimum operating history, actual business age, or actual sales data is invented. A zero-data calculation is not supplied. |
S009 §600.8(b)(3). |
| R028-P1-C083 |
Historical averaging permits specified exclusions. |
They are: a below-average month with a provider-determined cause unlikely to recur; a month lacking requested documentation; and oldest beginning months for which documentation is neither required nor received. Declining the nonrecurring-event exclusion carries the stated no-liability provision. |
S009 §600.8(b)(4)(i)–(iii). |
| R028-P1-C084 |
Additional documented months may be included on an all-or-none basis, excluding nonoperating months. |
This is not authority to select only favorable additional documented months. It operates in addition to the fixed-period rules. |
S009 §600.8(b)(5). |
| R028-P1-C085 |
The fixed-period decision must be recorded with its effective date, versioned when changed, and retained while effective and for four years afterward. |
This is a provider’s required internal record, not a record obtained or invented in this investigation. The adopted text’s cross-reference problem is recorded in C103. |
S009 §600.8(b)(6). |
| R028-P1-C086 |
Additional assumptions under either sales-projection method must use the best reasonably available information, identify estimates, and explain assumptions. |
The general §600.5(k) estimate clause expressly excludes sales-based financing; its sales-based counterparts are §600.8(c) and §600.9(k). |
S009 §§600.5(k), 600.8(c), 600.9(k). |
| R028-P1-C087 |
A true-up can be a payment to the recipient, a charge, or an adjustment of periodic payments. |
For sales-based financing, the mechanism involves preset payments and a contract permitting recipient-requested or financer-initiated adjustment so total payment more closely reflects the contractual split percentage. It is not defined solely as a refund. |
S009 §600.1(an), (ap)(1). |
| R028-P1-C088 |
Reasonably anticipated true-ups require a reasonable basis informed by similar-contract performance and financer policies/procedures. |
A printed reconciliation provision alone does not prove that a refund will occur, an adjustment was requested or granted, or reconciliation works effectively in practice. |
S009 §600.1(ao). |
| R028-P1-C089 |
Estimated payments and anticipated true-ups must account for specified payments, changing split percentages, minimums, contractual shortfall-threshold payments, and reasonably anticipated finance charges. |
The threshold-payment item excludes default fees. No payment schedule or provider policy is assumed. |
S009 §600.7(a)(1)–(5). |
| R028-P1-C090 |
Estimated monthly cost, finance charge, term, and APR use the selected projection and account for those payment features plus reasonably anticipated true-ups. |
A preset debit cannot simply be treated as the final actual payment stream if the rule requires anticipated adjustments. The retrieved §600.7 internal-projection cross-reference is defective; see C103. |
S009 §600.7(b)(1)–(6). |
| R028-P1-C091 |
Opt-in projections use the provider’s internal estimate for the contract’s particular payment channel, based on best reasonably available information. |
Opt-in is subject to the audit/reporting process; it is not unrestricted discretion to select an attractive APR. |
S003 §803(c)(ii); S009 §600.9(a)–(d). |
| R028-P1-C092 |
Every twelve months, an opt-in provider audits sales-based financings paid off in the preceding twelve months using internal estimates, including contractual true-ups. |
The cohort excludes transactions with specified court/arbitration action, stopped collection after determined breach, or agreed contract modification. These are generic cohort rules; no case or collection record was queried. |
S009 §600.9(e)(1)–(3). |
| R028-P1-C093 |
Retrospective APR ordinarily uses the fully repaid contract’s known payment/fee dates and amounts. |
For the audit, the provider may disregard an early payoff lump sum and assume continued periodic payments averaging past periodic payments. Consequently, an audit retrospective APR can incorporate this permitted counterfactual rather than literal realized cash flows. |
S009 §600.1(ag); §600.9(f). |
| R028-P1-C094 |
Audit APR spread is the relative difference between retrospective and disclosed APR; each audit’s measure is the median spread. |
The denominator is disclosed APR, not a percentage-point comparison. No zero-denominator convention is supplied by the selected text. |
S009 §600.9(g)–(h). |
| R028-P1-C095 |
The rule weights annual audited median spreads by transaction count over the last three, five, and seven audits. |
Calculations are required only after enough audits exist. Thresholds are greater than 15%, 10%, and 5%, respectively. The clauses direct use of the historical method for 24 months unless the provider determines historical treatment would have yielded a higher weighted average. |
S009 §600.9(i)(1)–(3). |
| R028-P1-C096 |
Returning to opt-in after that 24-month period requires a good-faith effort to improve the internal projection method’s accuracy. |
Passage of time alone does not satisfy the stated reentry condition. No provider history is assumed. |
S009 §600.9(j). |
| R028-P1-C097 |
The annual opt-in report is due on or before April 30, beginning in 2025, for a provider that used opt-in during the preceding calendar year. |
It is subscribed and affirmed under penalties of perjury and covers the preceding calendar year. This establishes a generic recurring rule, not an actual filer or overdue filing. |
S009 §600.22(a). |
| R028-P1-C098 |
Reporting includes disclosed estimated and completed-transaction retrospective APRs, annual mean differences weighted by financing amount and unweighted, unusual circumstances, and additional prescribed information. |
These reporting means and financing-amount weights differ from §600.9’s medians and transaction-count weights. The superintendent may request additional material and special reports. No reporting template or submission was used. |
S009 §600.22(b)–(d). |
| R028-P1-C099 |
Part 600 supplies alternative APR accuracy tolerances. |
Ordinary tolerance is ±0.125 percentage point; qualifying irregular transactions receive ±0.25 percentage point; a separate relative-percentage test uses the rule’s stated formula and 2.5% threshold. These are disclosure tolerances, not maximum lawful charges. |
S009 §600.4(a)(1)–(3). |
| R028-P1-C100 |
The bona fide disclosure-error provision requires discovery through the provider’s/financer’s procedures, timely notice, and adjustment. |
Within 60 days after discovery and before an action for that error, the financer/assignee must notify and adjust so charges do not exceed the lower of disclosed finance charge or the dollar equivalent of disclosed APR. No actual cure or immunity is found. |
S009 §600.4(b). |
| R028-P1-C101 |
Section 600.4 separately addresses inadvertent overstatement of enumerated disclosure amounts. |
It covers the listed finance charge, APR, payments, monthly cost, maximum noninterest charge, and prepayment amounts. It is not a blanket exemption from the disclosure law or other law. |
S009 §600.4(c). |
The full historical-method exceptions and opt-in audit conditions were read. They are essential to avoid turning a qualified estimate into a guaranteed payment schedule or a generic industry assumption. dfs.ny.gov+5
G. Source defects and explicit research limits
| Claim ID |
Finding |
Consequence and limit |
Support |
| R028-P1-C102 |
The retrieved adopted §600.5(b) names ESRA but cites State Technology Law §§103–109; current ESRA is Article 3, §§301–309. |
The relevant current signature/record provisions were read directly. The erroneous-looking citation is not silently treated as correct, and no actual signature is validated. |
S009 §600.5(b); S021; S022. |
| R028-P1-C103 |
Other internal references in the retrieved adopted text do not align with their apparent targets. |
Examples: §600.7 refers to nonexistent §600.9(a)(3); §600.8(b)(6) points to §600.6 for its decision record; §600.5(f)(3)–(4) points to font provisions under subdivision (g), although fonts are under (f); §600.17(a)(6)’s illustrative item-number subtraction does not track its preceding list. These are parsed-text observations, not pixel-confirmed printing defects or judicial invalidity findings. |
S009 §§600.5(f), 600.7, 600.8(b)(6), 600.17(a)(6). |
| R028-P1-C104 |
No standalone official FAQ/model/reporting-instruction package was retrieved in the bounded official searches. |
No assertion is made that none exists. The mandatory rules and embedded examples were examined directly. |
S013, S028; failure log. |
| R028-P1-C105 |
No PDF pixel inspection was successfully completed. |
Screenshot attempts for Part 600 indexes 17, 18, 46, and 47 returned placeholders without inspectable image content. No claim of seeing scanned signatures, visual form layout, typography, or image-based federal equations is made. |
S009, S025; retrieval log. |
| R028-P1-C106 |
The full later regulatory/session-law/judicial history is unresolved. |
No finding that the law has never been amended, stayed, vacated, or otherwise affected is made. A historical agency transition-letter source was not recovered from an official publisher and was not substituted with a private reproduction. |
S013–S016, S027–S029. |
| R028-P1-C107 |
No actual compliance, exemption, contractual, funding, collection, or legal-validity result follows from this investigation. |
Every parent fact and every unaddressed jurisdiction/product/enforcement dimension remains held. No court opinion or federal-preemption ruling was needed to state the selected published disclosure propositions. |
Scope restriction; C008 and the conditional claims above. |
3. Provision-specific comparison
This comparison identifies places where reading only one layer would produce an incomplete or misleading result.
| Issue |
Statutory provision |
Adopted rule / agency explanation |
Result for this component |
| Specific offer |
§801(k): recipient-informed terms including price or amount; binding if accepted, subject to stated requirements. |
§600.1(ai): written communication combining amount/payment information and rate/price/cost, based on quote-relevant recipient information. |
Preserve both formulations. Do not replace the statutory text with an informal “personalized quote” shortcut. C028–C030. |
| New York nexus |
Article 8 does not itself specify the adopted recipient-location test. |
§600.24 supplies the recipient-management/residence nexus; APC response 1 explains the final narrowing. |
Provider location alone does not answer coverage under this rule. C015. |
| Financial institution |
§§801(f), 802(a) identify exempt categories and authorization conditions. |
§600.1(r) includes majority-voting-power-owned entities; APC responses 2–3 explain the distinction. |
“Affiliate,” “bank partner,” and “regulated somewhere” are not interchangeable predicates. C016. |
| Amount threshold |
§802(g): individual transaction over $2.5 million. |
§§600.1(b), 600.19 specify agreement-level and product-specific measuring units. |
Do not test a draw or direct cash deposit against the threshold without the correct unit. C022–C023. |
| Historical window |
§803(c)(i): fixed one-to-twelve-month outer range. |
§600.8(b)(2): ordinary four-to-twelve-month fixed window, permitted grouping, plus (b)(3)–(5) exceptions. |
Do not describe either “one month is always enough” or “four actual months are always required.” C081–C084. |
| Signature timing |
§809: before authorization to proceed further with the application. |
§600.18: before consummation; no signature for an unconsummated transaction; final corresponding disclosure suffices during negotiation. |
State both. Do not infer that acknowledgment equals contract acceptance or that signature may always wait until funding. C036–C049. |
| Other potential fees |
§803(g) expressly requires them. |
§600.6 lacks an express general-fees row. |
Statutory content remains required; exact compliant placement is unresolved on retrieved sources. C073. |
| Prepayment percentage |
§803(h)(i) requires percentage and maximum dollar amount. |
§600.6(j) expressly specifies a maximum-dollar statement. |
Do not drop the percentage requirement by following the table mechanically. C074. |
| Renewal charges |
§808(a) uses original finance charge, renewal payoff/original total repayment, and forgiveness. |
§600.6(b)(3)(v) describes a pro rata portion using original amount financed already repaid. |
Different stated bases; no silent reconciliation or numerical illustration. C075–C076. |
| Broker compensation |
Provider definition includes qualifying third-party offer activity. |
§600.21(f) requires a written compensation explanation; APC response 5 removes a prescribed compensation row. |
Written disclosure remains; no fixed final-row model is established. C047. |
| Retention actor |
General provider framework. |
§600.21(d) says provider; APC response 5 says retention applies only to financers. |
Preserve the adopted text and identify the narrower explanatory statement. C046. |
| Electronic signature reference |
ESRA is State Technology Law Article 3. |
§600.5(b) cites §§103–109 while naming ESRA. |
Read §§301–309 and applicable Part 540 text directly; actual implementation remains held. C039–C041, C102. |
| Rule/form/model status |
§811 authorizes prescribed disclosure formats. |
§§600.5–600.6 prescribe format/content; §600.17 requires substantial similarity to embedded itemization examples. |
These are distinct from a signed actual contract and from the administrative adoption form. C061, C077–C078, C105. |
| Lawfulness |
The chapter saving clause preserves other illegality/licensing law. |
APR and disclosure calculation requirements do not supply a loan/sale or enforceability adjudication. |
All parent legal-validity questions remain held. C008, C052, C107. |
4. What each displayed number answers
| Displayed concept |
Source-defined question |
Units / necessary assumptions |
What it cannot establish by itself |
| Amount financed |
What funding value is provided to or for the recipient after subtracting prepaid finance charge? |
Dollars; §600.1(a)(1), (ac). |
Direct cash received, total repayment, or lawful principal. |
| Recipient funds |
What is provided directly to the recipient after specified deductions/payoffs? |
Dollars; balances may be assumed as of disclosure under §600.1(af). |
Exact later funding when payoff balances change. |
| Finance charge |
What is the dollar cost included under the imported and state-specific charge rules? |
Dollars; charge inclusion/exclusion predicates matter. |
An annual rate, lawful-interest conclusion, or total payments. |
| Estimated total payment |
What total contractual payments are projected? |
Dollars; estimated payment stream and applicable contract features. |
Cost alone, actual payoff total, or an unconditional fixed obligation. |
| Estimated payment |
What periodic/irregular payment and true-up amounts are projected? |
Dollars per stated period, plus specified dates/amounts for irregular items. |
Actual future debits or effective reconciliation. |
| Estimated monthly cost |
What is the projected average monthly payment burden? |
Dollars/month; estimated total payments and estimated term. Optional term conversion uses 30.4 days/month. |
Monthly finance charges alone or APR. |
| Split percentage |
What percentage is used to determine payments or true-ups? |
Percentage of the contractually relevant sales/receipt channel. |
Annual borrowing cost. |
| Factor or other nonannual cost metric |
Only the question established by its expressly defined base and operation. |
No universal factor formula or base is supplied by the selected texts. |
APR, finance charge, or total repayment without further definitions and timing. |
| Estimated APR |
What is the annualized cost of the projected value/payment stream? |
Percent per year; prescribed charge treatment, amount/timing, method, and sales projection. |
Actual realized cost, statutory maximum interest, loan characterization, or enforceability. |
| Audit retrospective APR |
What does the completed-transaction audit calculation show? |
Percent per year; actual known flows, subject to the permitted early-lump-sum adjustment. |
Necessarily the unadjusted realized cash-flow APR in every audit. |
Support: C050–C059, C063–C072, C087–C094; S003 and S009, with imported S023–S025.
Source-defined equations, without invented transaction inputs
These are symbolic explanations of published rules, not worked transaction examples.
Amount financed — C050
Amount financed [dollars] = Funds provided to recipient or on recipient's behalf [dollars] - Prepaid finance charge [dollars]
This does not make “funds provided on behalf” identical to direct recipient funds.
Statutory total repayment — C065
Total repayment amount [dollars] = Disbursement amount [dollars] + Finance charge [dollars]
The statute’s disbursement concept must be traced; it is not silently replaced with a different amount field.
Estimated monthly cost — C072
Estimated monthly cost [dollars/month] = Estimated total periodic and irregular payments [dollars] / Estimated term [months]
When the permitted conversion is used:
Estimated term [months] = Estimated term [days] / 30.4 [days/month]
This is a monthly-cost convention. It is not a universal APR day-count convention.
Appendix J nominal annualization — C058
APR [percent/year] = Unit-period rate [percent/unit period] * Number of unit periods [unit periods/year]
The applicable unit period must first be established under Appendix J. This is not an effective-annual-yield compounding formula and is not a complete implementation of the image-based general equation.
Opt-in APR spread — C094
APR spread [percent] = ((Retrospective APR [percent/year] - Disclosed APR [percent/year]) / Disclosed APR [percent/year]) * 100
This measures a relative difference. It is not the difference in percentage points. The selected text does not supply a rule for a zero disclosed-APR denominator.
Renewal statutory calculation — C075
Statutory prepayment charge [dollars] = Original finance charge [dollars] * (Renewal amount used to pay existing financing [dollars] / Original total repayment amount [dollars]) - Forgiven portion of total repayment [dollars]
This is displayed only to preserve §808(a)’s stated inputs and operations. Because §600.6(b)(3)(v) describes a different base, no numerical reconciliation or compliance result is supplied.
No numerical illustration is justified here. A worked transaction would require assumptions about sales, dates, charges, contractual minimums, true-ups, and method selection that this task expressly holds.
5. Qualitative branches and material-branch coverage
Status key
- A: The selected generic public rule is answered within the stated source bounds.
- P: Partially answered because a source, drafting, or implementation gap remains.
- X: Actual application is deliberately excluded by the parent holds.
“Adverse inference to avoid” means an unsupported conclusion that must not be drawn from missing evidence. It does not assert a legal adverse-evidence presumption.
Every branch below uses generic roles only.
| Branch ID / status |
Qualitative branch and rule/claim/source |
Conditions and missing evidence |
Adverse inference to avoid |
Exact next permissible public-law read |
| R028-P1-E001 — A/X |
New York nexus unknown. C015; S009 §600.24. |
Whether business direction/management or natural-person legal residence meets the rule is held; no location representation examined. |
“Provider is in New York, therefore covered,” or “provider is elsewhere, therefore excluded.” |
Current compiled §600.24 and any official amendment or published generic DFS interpretation of that subsection. No address/ID search. |
| R028-P1-E002 — A/X |
Commercial/personal purpose uncertain. C010, C025; S001 §801(b), S009 §600.1(m). |
Intended primary purpose and an eligible purpose statement are unknown; TILA coverage/compliant disclosure not established. |
Treating a business label as conclusive commercial purpose, or a voluntary TILA form as an exemption. |
§801(b), §600.1(m), APC response 7; a federal coverage provision only if a narrower generic proposition becomes necessary. |
| R028-P1-E003 — A/X |
Amount and threshold unit unknown. C022–C023, C050–C051. |
Product, agreement-level availability, amount financed, prepaid charges, and direct funds are held. |
Comparing a single debit, draw, or net deposit to $2.5 million. |
§§600.1(a)–(d), 600.19 in current compilation; no transaction arithmetic. |
| R028-P1-E004 — A/X |
Provider/broker/recipient status uncertain. C012–C014. |
Offer conduct, compensation, agency, funding role, and authority are unknown. |
Assuming every intermediary is the financer, or that a broker may sign as recipient. |
§801(h)–(i); §§600.1(j), (q), (ad)–(ae), 600.18(a), 600.21. |
| R028-P1-E005 — P/X |
Transaction-count exemption unestablished. C021; §802(f). |
Number, location, twelve-month interval, and the treatment of renewals/advances are unestablished. |
Using five SBF deals only, a calendar year automatically, or importing §600.1(am) beyond its stated target. |
Any current official generic interpretation of §802(f)’s transaction count; current §802(f) and §600.1(am). No roster or transaction records. |
| R028-P1-E006 — A/X |
Bank/other exemption conditions uncertain. C016–C020, C024. |
Charter/authorization category, voting ownership, technology interest, Farm Credit regulation, real-property security, true lease, or dealer/rental predicates are held. |
Exemption merely because of a bank relationship, collateral, software role, or vehicle-related purpose. |
Relevant §802 clause and its definitional cross-reference; only a specifically needed generic classification statute, never an entity/license lookup. |
| R028-P1-E007 — P/X |
Sales-based versus closed/open-end, factoring, or lease category uncertain. C011, C026–C027. |
Contractual payment and product features are held; asset-based overlap unresolved. |
Treating an “MCA” label as controlling or applying §600.6 to every receivables-related product. |
§801(a), (c), (d), (j); §600.1(e), (k), (w), (s); §600.6 and §600.15 introductions. Full other-product work remains held. |
| R028-P1-E008 — A/X |
Specific offer versus advertisement/inquiry. C028–C030, C035. |
Written terms, quote-relevant recipient information, both regulatory quote elements, and binding character are unknown. |
Every advertisement requires the final table, or every communication called an advertisement is exempt. |
§801(k); §600.1(f), (n), (ai); §600.3; APC response 9. |
| R028-P1-E009 — A/X |
Offer terms changed. C032–C033, C037. |
Whether change preceded or followed consummation, increased cost, addressed default, or merely reflected payoff drift is held. |
Every change requires identical treatment; a payoff exception covers an increased APR; a default exception covers a new unrelated financing. |
§600.1(f)(2); §600.5(n); §600.6(b)(3); §600.18(c). |
| R028-P1-E010 — P/X |
Delivery versus acknowledgment/acceptance/funding. C036–C043, C049. |
Delivery, receipt, signatory authority, intent, final corresponding terms, consummation, and funding evidence are all held. |
A sent link proves receipt; acknowledgment proves contract formation; a signature proves funding. |
§809; §§600.5(b), (e), (j), 600.18; ESRA §§302, 304–309. Any formation inquiry remains outside this pass. |
| R028-P1-E011 — A/X |
Broker versus provider obligation. C044–C048. |
Transmission route, timing, direct-delivery confirmation, generated documents, and compensation arrangements unknown. |
Broker involvement transfers every financer obligation or immunizes the broker’s own representations. |
§600.21(a)–(g) and APC response 5, preserving the retention-language difference. |
| R028-P1-E012 — A/X |
Estimated versus actual term/payment. C063, C066–C072, C089–C093. |
Actual sales, payment timing, contractual minimums, irregular payments, fees, and adjustments are held. |
The disclosed estimated term is necessarily the contract maturity or actual payoff date. |
§§600.1(ag), (al), 600.6(f)–(m), 600.7, 600.9(f). |
| R028-P1-E013 — A/X |
Historical-sales versus opt-in estimate. C079–C086, C091. |
Election, fixed window, channel, documentation, exclusions, internal projection, and method notice are unknown. |
Inventing a three-month policy from an illustrative sentence, assuming undocumented sales, or assuming opt-in without audit duties. |
§803(c); §§600.8–600.9, plus any official public election instruction if published. |
| R028-P1-E014 — A/X |
Reconciliation disclosed versus effective adjustment. C067, C087–C090. |
Contract mechanism, request/initiation, actual adjustment, similar-contract performance, and policy are held. |
A reconciliation paragraph proves actual relief, a refund, or true-sale characterization. |
§§600.1(an)–(ap), 600.6(g)(2)(iii), 600.7. Actual performance and characterization remain held. |
| R028-P1-E015 — A/X |
Factor versus APR/finance charge/total payment. C050–C059, C065. |
Factor definition/base, charges, timing, and projected payment stream unknown. |
Calling a factor an annual rate or treating total payment as dollar financing cost. |
§810; §§600.1(a), (u), (ak), 600.2–600.3; imported §1026.22/Appendix J only to the necessary calculation proposition. |
| R028-P1-E016 — P/X |
Generic model versus signed actual contract. C061, C077–C078, C105. |
No executed disclosure or contract exists in the research record; pixels not inspected. |
An embedded example proves the actual form was compliant, delivered, or signed. |
Current §§600.5–600.6 and 600.17; inspect official example pixels if a public-view capability supplies them. No filling/submission. |
| R028-P1-E017 — P/X |
Current adopted rule versus proposal/history. C002–C007, C106. |
Later-current compilation and complete intervening history remain unverified. |
Treating a 2022 proposal, 2026 page update, or rule-review invitation as a new effective rule. |
Current compiled Part 600 plus intervening official State Register adoption/amendment notices. No docket/status search. |
| R028-P1-E018 — A/X |
Disclosure compliance versus loan/usury/collection validity. C008, C052, C107. |
All substantive characterization, licensing, enforceability, and collection facts/law are held. |
“Disclosed APR means lawful charge,” “disclosure means loan,” or “missing disclosure automatically eliminates debt.” |
The chapter saving clause and §801(h) suffice here. No broader investigation is necessary for the selected proposition. |
| R028-P1-E019 — A/X |
Multiple offers versus multiple payment options. C031, C060. |
Whether there are separate offers, customization, or choices within one contract is unknown. |
Applying the selected-offer timing rule as though it were the minimum-payment calculation rule, or vice versa. |
§600.1(f)(1), (4), compared with §600.20(a). |
| R028-P1-E020 — P/X |
Renewal payoff and fee overlap. C062, C075–C077. |
Required same-provider payoff, original bases, retained fees, forgiveness, and net disbursement are held. |
Using one formula as though statute and regulation stated identical inputs. |
§808(a)–(b), §600.6(b)(3)(v), §600.17; any official correction or generic explanatory rule. No invented calculation. |
| R028-P1-E021 — A/X |
Opt-in audit versus annual regulatory report. C092–C098. |
Cohort, completed financings, number of audits, actual/estimated APRs, and report history are held. |
Equating annual median spreads/count weights with reporting means/financing-amount weights, or declaring a filing overdue. |
§§600.9(e)–(j), 600.22(a)–(d), and any current public reporting specification. |
| R028-P1-E022 — A/X |
Disclosure tolerance versus guaranteed compliance. C099–C101. |
Calculated/disclosed APR, irregularity, error discovery, intent, notice, adjustment, and action timing are held. |
Treating 2.5% as 2.5 percentage points, or assuming a cure/tolerance proves lawful pricing or collectibility. |
§600.4(a)–(c) and the specifically incorporated APR calculation provisions. |
6. Blank audit worksheet
This is a blank research/audit worksheet, not a disclosure form, legal certification, transaction record, or request for private evidence. No identifying fields or fictional entries are supplied.
| Worksheet item |
Rule/claim reference |
Evidence or public-law citation to record |
Finding |
Open issue / permitted public-law follow-up |
| Governing version and operative dates |
C001–C007 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Recipient New York nexus rule |
C015 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Intended primary purpose |
C010 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Provider / financer / broker / recipient distinction |
C012–C014 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Product category and overlap |
C011, C026–C027 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Amount measure and threshold unit |
C022–C023, C050–C051 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Twelve-month transaction-count rule |
C021 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Each potentially applicable §802 exemption |
C016–C024 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| TILA exclusion’s two predicates |
C025 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Specific-offer predicates |
C028–C030 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Multiple-offer / customization treatment |
C031 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Changed terms / default / payoff-drift distinction |
C032–C034 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Delivery and broker-transmission rule |
C044–C045 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Signature timing and final corresponding disclosure |
C036–C038 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Electronic intent, association, timestamp, durable copy |
C039–C041 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Contract/disclosure/itemization separation |
C042–C043 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Funding amount, recipient funds, deductions, itemization |
C050–C051, C062, C077 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Finance-charge inclusion/exclusion treatment |
C052–C055 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| APR method, units, assumptions, rounding |
C056–C059, C078 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| All §803(a)–(i) disclosure subjects |
C062–C074 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Renewal provisions and formula discrepancy |
C075–C076 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Historical method and complete exception set |
C079–C086 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| True-up definition and anticipated-adjustment treatment |
C087–C090 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Opt-in cohort, spread, weighting, thresholds, reentry |
C091–C096 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Annual reporting rule and distinct statistics |
C097–C098 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Tolerance/cure conditions |
C099–C101 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Source defects, pixel bounds, and later-history gaps |
C102–C106 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
| Preserved parent holds; no acceptance determination |
C107 |
______ |
______ |
______ |
7. Granular question-to-claim/source crosswalk
The branch matrix above supplies the material-branch coverage. This table separately accounts for each numbered question and its principal subquestions.
| Question / subquestion |
Coverage |
Claims, sources, examples |
Missing evidence or limit |
Exact permissible next investigation |
| 1(a): Actual statutory codification and selected complete provisions |
Answered |
C001–C004; S001–S008, S015–S016 |
Other-product and remedy provisions intentionally held. |
Only a necessary amendment/session-law check for these selected sections. |
| 1(b): Adopted Part 600 provisions actually necessary |
Answered as adopted; partial as later-current compilation |
S009 clause/page map; C005–C007, C106 |
S027 access failure. |
Current compiled §§600.0–600.9, .17–.22, .24–.25 and any intervening official amendments. |
| 1(c): Scope, purpose, roles, nexus |
Answered generically; actual application excluded |
C010–C015; E001–E004 |
All actual role, purpose, and nexus facts held. |
Specific listed definitions; no identity/location search. |
| 1(d): Amount and unit thresholds |
Answered generically |
C022–C024; E003 |
Actual amount/product facts held. |
§§600.1(a)–(d), 600.19 and §802(h), if needed for a further generic clarification. |
| 1(e): Transaction count |
Partial |
C021; E005 |
No specific official count interpretation retrieved for edge cases. |
Official generic interpretation or amendment addressing §802(f). |
| 1(f): Every statutory exemption |
Answered at clause level; subordinate actual classification excluded |
C016–C025; S018–S020; E006 |
Full Farm Credit, vehicle licensing, and lease-characterization regimes not investigated. |
Only the specific generic definitional cross-reference needed; no status records. |
| 1(g): Disclosure versus substantive validity |
Answered boundary |
C008, C052, C107; E018 |
Loan/sale, lawful charge, license, collection questions held. |
No further read necessary to preserve the boundary. |
| 2(a): Specific-offer timing |
Answered generically |
C028–C031, C035; E008, E019 |
No actual quote/application. |
§801(k), §600.1(f), (n), (ai), §600.3. |
| 2(b): Changed terms and exceptions |
Answered generically |
C032–C034; E009 |
No actual amendment/default/payoff. |
§600.1(f)(2)–(3), §600.5(n), §600.6(b)(3). |
| 2(c): Signature and acknowledgment |
Answered with textual distinction preserved |
C036–C043; E010 |
Statute/rule timing wording not collapsed; actual authority/intent held. |
Current §809, §600.18, and relevant ESRA text. |
| 2(d): Broker transmission and duties |
Answered; retention wording tension identified |
C044–C048; E011 |
No transmission/compensation facts; APC/body tension. |
Current §600.21 and any official clarification of retention actor. |
| 2(e): Acceptance, formation, funding |
Answered as distinctions; outcomes excluded |
C040, C049; E010 |
No actual event or formation evidence. |
No contract-law or factual investigation necessary for this pass. |
| 2(f): Generic forms and pixel bounds |
Partial |
C061, C077–C078, C104–C105; S009, S011 |
No standalone model package retrieved; no inspectable pixels. |
Official current model instructions, if published; direct public image inspection if available. |
| 3(a): All selected disclosure items |
Answered, with placement gaps |
C062–C078; S003, S005, S009 |
General fees and prepayment percentage placement unresolved. |
Official clarification/correction of §600.6 against §803(g), (h). |
| 3(b): Estimated versus actual amounts/term |
Answered generically |
C050–C072, C093; E012, E015 |
All actual payment/sales/funding facts held. |
Selected definitions and estimate rules only. |
| 3(c): Historical method |
Answered generically |
C079–C086; E013 |
No elected period, documentation, sales history, or policy. |
Current §600.8 and public method-election instructions if available. |
| 3(d): Opt-in method and review |
Answered rules; operational instructions partial |
C091–C098; E021 |
No current standalone reporting/election instruction retrieved. |
Official public §600.22 reporting specification and §803(c) notice instruction. |
| 3(e): Reconciliation and risk explanation |
Answered generically; actual effectiveness excluded |
C067, C087–C090; E014 |
No contract/performance/policy facts. |
§§600.1(an)–(ap), 600.6(g), 600.7. |
| 3(f): APR/finance-charge methods and units |
Answered at required framework level; numerical implementation not undertaken |
C052–C060, C094, C099; S023–S026 |
Appendix J image equations not pixel-read; no transaction inputs. |
Inspect exact Appendix J equations only if a separately authorized numerical calculation becomes necessary. |
| 3(g): Broad pricing/usury/effective-APR modeling |
Excluded |
C008, C107; E018 |
Parent hold. |
None within this pass. |
| 4(a): Enacted/adopted/effective/compliance dates |
Answered |
C002–C005; S010, S015–S016 |
Historical transition guidance remains separately unverified. |
Official historical transition letter only if needed to answer a particular 2022 application question. |
| 4(b): FAQs/forms/APC role |
Answered hierarchy; source availability partial |
C009, C061, C077, C104; S011–S012, S028 |
No standalone current FAQ/model/reporting package retrieved. |
Relevant official generic publication, without filing/contact. |
| 4(c): Proposals and later amendments |
Partial |
C006–C007, C106; E017 |
Full proposal texts and complete intervening amendment history not read. |
Official current compilation plus exact intervening adoption/amendment notices. |
| 4(d): Future-effective material |
Answered for encountered cross-references |
S020–S021 |
Future GBL/ESRA alternatives kept separate; full unrelated future regimes held. |
Relevant effective-date note only if it changes a selected proposition. |
| 4(e): Preemption or published opinions |
Excluded as unnecessary |
C107; E018 |
No opinion, holding, docket, case record, or later case history researched. |
Only a specifically necessary published majority opinion/authority under a later narrowed question; no docket inquiry. |
| 4(f): Withdrawn/stayed/vacated status |
Unresolved outside selected publication check |
C106 |
No complete litigation or guidance-withdrawal history. No CFPB circular/advisory used. |
Exact official status publication only if needed for a selected proposition; no case-record search. |
| 5(a): Provision-specific comparison |
Answered |
§3; C028–C029, C073–C076, C102–C103 |
Identified tensions remain unresolved, not repaired. |
Exact official correction/interpretation for each tension. |
| 5(b): Blank worksheet |
Answered |
§6 |
Intentionally blank; no actual facts. |
None required. |
| 5(c): At least twelve qualitative branches |
Answered: 22 branches |
E001–E022 |
Every actual application held. |
Public-law-only next reads are specified per branch. |
| 5(d): Optional arithmetic |
Omitted; symbolic rules supplied |
§4; C050, C058, C072, C075, C094 |
No justified complete transaction dataset; renewal-text tension; image-equation limit. |
No invented numerical example. |
| 5(e): Source/read log, crosswalk, gaps, self-check |
Answered |
§§1, 7–10 |
Currentness and pixel gaps expressly remain. |
Listed source-specific reads; no acceptance or independent-review claim. |
8. Explicit unresolved gaps
| Gap |
What remains unresolved |
Why it matters |
Permissible next public-law work |
| G1 — Later-current Part 600 compilation |
State-linked NYCRR pages were unavailable. |
The final-adopted text and current agency listing do not alone prove the complete text as amended through the access date. |
Retrieve the current compilation through an ordinary permitted public view and compare only the selected sections with S009; read any intervening official adoption notices. |
| G2 — Complete amendment/session-law history |
Selected enacted changes were verified, but not every later session law or amendment history entry. |
Publisher revision/update dates cannot certify comprehensive legal currentness. |
Exact official statutory amendment histories and chapter texts affecting the selected provisions. |
| G3 — Historical transition guidance |
A December 2021 transition letter was not recovered from an official DFS publication. |
January 1, 2022 statutory effectiveness and August 1, 2023 regulatory compliance must not be converted into an unsupported assertion about every intervening obligation or enforcement policy. |
The exact official historical letter and any superseding official generic statement, if that historical question becomes necessary. |
| G4 — Fees and prepayment percentage placement |
The sales-based table does not expressly allocate all §803(g) and §803(h)(i) information. |
A mechanically copied table could omit a statutory subject. |
An official generic clarification or amendment addressing §600.6’s relation to those clauses. |
| G5 — Renewal calculation discrepancy |
Section 808(a) and §600.6(b)(3)(v) use different stated fractions/bases. |
A numerical example could silently choose one and conceal the unresolved text. |
Official correction or generic interpretive authority limited to these clauses. |
| G6 — Drafting/cross-reference defects |
The retrieved ESRA, historical-record, internal-projection, font, and item-number references do not fully align. |
They affect precise implementation and must not be silently renumbered. |
Current compiled counterparts and any official correction. Pixel inspection would verify the PDF’s visual text but would not itself resolve legal interpretation. |
| G7 — Separate public guidance/forms |
No standalone current FAQ/model/reporting/election instruction package was retrieved. |
Statutory method notice and annual reports have operational details that may be prescribed elsewhere. |
Targeted official public instructions for §803(c) and §600.22; no portal entry, submission, contact, or records request. |
| G8 — Pixel and full numerical-method inspection |
PDF screenshots supplied no images; Appendix J image equations were not inspected. |
No visual-form validation or complete numerical APR implementation can be claimed. |
Public image inspection of the exact pages/equations if needed; numerical modeling remains held. |
| G9 — Transaction-count edge cases |
No definitive generic interpretation was retrieved for all renewal/advance/intermediary counting questions under §802(f). |
The expressly limited §600.1(am) definition cannot be extended without authority. |
An official generic interpretation or amendment focused on §802(f). |
| G10 — Actual application and broader law |
All actual facts and parent legal dimensions remain uninvestigated. |
Conditional public rules do not supply the missing factual predicates or decide substantive validity. |
None within this pass. |
Status separation: The report distinguishes current official statutory bodies, historical enacted amendments, final adoption, delayed regulatory compliance, historical proposals, encountered future-effective cross-reference text, and unknown later history. It does not label any unverified instrument withdrawn, stayed, or vacated, and it does not certify that none has that status.
9. Source-read and retrieval-failure log
| Log item |
Action/result |
Read or failure bounds |
Treatment |
| L01 — Statutory body |
Retrieved selected current official Senate sections. |
Full bounds in S001–S008. |
Primary foundation; metadata kept separate from operative dates. |
| L02 — Adopted rule |
Retrieved the DFS final-adopted PDF and agency-linked alias. |
Full selected read map in §1; same instrument. |
Primary regulatory foundation, subject to G1. |
| L03 — Adoption and agency explanation |
Retrieved DOS notice, DFS notice, complete APC, current listing, and 2026 review entry. |
S010–S014. |
Adoption status and explanatory context; no independent-source inflation. |
| L04 — Enactment history |
Retrieved enacted-bill text and signed-chapter actions for 2020 chapter 369 and 2021 chapter 61. |
S015–S016; selected clauses only. |
Historical changes verified; no complete session-law audit. |
| L05 — Necessary cross-references |
Retrieved UCC, vehicle/rental definitions, ESRA, ITS rules, federal finance-charge/APR provisions, and creditor definition. |
S018–S026. |
Used only for the selected definitions/calculation/signature propositions. |
| L06 — NYCRR failures |
State-linked index and located §600.1 page returned 403. |
Complete URLs in S027. |
No workaround; adopted DFS text used with explicit currentness gap. |
| L07 — DFS navigation failures |
Earlier paths failed: https://www.dfs.ny.gov/industry_guidance/regulations/final_financial_services and https://www.dfs.ny.gov/industry_guidance/regulations/proposed_fsl. |
No substantive body retrieved at those paths. |
Working current regulatory-activity page used; failed paths do not show absence of law. |
| L08 — Historical bill navigation |
A direct amendment path did not resolve: https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2019/S5470/amendment/B. |
No reliance on failed route. |
Base official page supplied the B-version text and action history; versions kept distinct. |
| L09 — OLRC route failures |
Preliminary paths returned 404: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?edition=prelim&num=0&req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title15-section1602 and https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=%28title%3A15+section%3A1602+edition%3Aprelim%29. |
No body read there. |
The publicly indexed current OLRC page in S026 succeeded; no access-control bypass. |
| L10 — Literal ESRA citation problem |
Following the adopted citation led to unrelated State Technology Law Article 1 material; attempted §§108–109 paths were unavailable: https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/STT/108, https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/STT/109. |
Unrelated Article 1 text was not used as ESRA authority. |
Correctly named ESRA located through the official Article 3 index and read directly. |
| L11 — Screenshot attempts |
Requested Part 600 PDF indexes 17, 18, 46, 47. |
Returned image placeholders without inspectable image content. |
No pixel inspection claimed. Parsed text only. |
| L12 — Guidance and historical letter search |
Bounded official searches and DFS catalog review did not retrieve the separate FAQ/model/reporting package or official historical transition letter. |
Private reproductions surfaced in discovery but were not used as substantive foundation. |
G3 and G7 preserved; no claim of nonexistence. |
| L13 — Federal display bounds |
Compared current CFPB and eCFR publications. |
Shared selected finance-charge/APR provisions used; image equations and nonselected consumer-overdraft history not resolved. |
No broad federal coverage, amendment-history, preemption, or guidance-withdrawal conclusion. |
| L14 — Overlong retrieval output |
One overlong combined retrieval did not supply readable complete output. |
No unread remainder was credited as reviewed; necessary selected provisions were retrieved again separately. |
Read bounds reflect actually available text, not merely a requested download. |
| L15 — Courts and actual records |
No judicial opinion or case-specific source was necessary for the selected propositions. |
No docket, case-record, party, license, entity, account, property, or transaction query. |
All litigation and actual-status dimensions remain held. |
10. Researcher self-check and preserved parent holds
This is a researcher self-check, not independent review.
- The foundation is this session’s public primary-source research. No prior research chat or unreviewed report was used.
- Complete selected statutory clauses and adopted regulatory provisions are identified in the source register, with exact PDF page/index bounds.
- Every consequential legal finding is assigned a claim ID and provision-specific source.
- All eight §802 exemptions are accounted for, including their distinct amount, status, purpose, security, and transaction-count predicates.
- Offer delivery, broker transmission, acknowledgment, signature, acceptance, consummation, and funding remain distinct.
- The historical method’s complete selected exception set and the opt-in method’s audit/reporting conditions are included.
- Estimated payments, actual payments, reasonably anticipated true-ups, and effective actual reconciliation are not equated.
- Mandatory format/content, embedded examples, agency explanation, administrative adoption forms, proposals, and signed actual contracts are not conflated.
- No source examples were converted into fictional provider policies, sales histories, account entries, or transaction outcomes.
- No numerical APR, renewal, or pricing illustration was fabricated.
- Currentness, drafting, guidance, and pixel-inspection gaps are visible; retrieval failure is not treated as absence of law.
- No subagents, prior-chat research, party investigation, records request, filing, contact, purchase, account creation, publication, or security/CAPTCHA workaround was used.
- No verified UI model-selection provenance is asserted.
All parent holds remain: actual parties and roles; New York nexus; purpose; product; amount; offer; disclosure; signature; acceptance; funding; sales; payments; reconciliation; method election; exemption facts; contract facts; loan-versus-sale characterization; broader pricing/usury/effective-APR analysis; enforceability; licensing and registration; security and priority; guarantees; ACH; confession of judgment; collection; settlement; tax; insolvency; remedies; complete litigation and later history; other New York dimensions; every other state, local, tribal, territorial, and national legal system; other alternative-finance products; and all other A028 and parent dimensions.
No component, parent, operations, or publication acceptance is given or inferred.
END R028 PASS-01