{"meta":{"key":"s_mt--pass-22","task":"S_MT","title":"SMT Montana ordinary unsecured consumer-debt bank-account garnishment, deposit/benefit exemptions, and tracing","parent_title":"Montana debt and debt relief law","edition":"pass-22","path":"/research/s_mt--pass-22/","kind":"split_pass","category":"state","role":"state","area_numbers":[66],"groups":["collections"],"date":"2026-10-26","tables":13,"claims":65,"sources":22,"review_status":"P27P30_requested_correction_groups_resolved_with_explicit_limits_not_component_acceptance","review_complete":true,"sha256":"35fe068d1579eafa05b4c618f9de4933f4fdb2fbbe654ebc0831a95f5095ac64","headings":["I. Core determinations","II. Court, actor, and account-route matrix","III. Montana ordinary bank-levy workflow","IV. Montana exemption and tracing matrix","V. Joint accounts, beneficial ownership, and third-party claims","A. State ownership rule","B. Third-person ownership route","C. Part 212 treats co-ownership differently","VI. Federal Part 212 account-review matrix","VII. Federal-benefit source matrix","VIII. Debtor and third-party claim procedure","A. Judgment debtor’s exemption claim","B. Nondebtor owner’s claim","C. Bank or third-party adverse-interest dispute","IX. Bank duties, fees, safe harbors, and potential consequences","A. Bank’s principal duties","B. Fees","C. Safe harbor","D. Wrongful levy and delayed release","X. Material decisions","XI. Official forms and instructions","XII. Bounded worked examples","Example 1 — Ordinary unprotected deposit","Example 2 — Covered direct deposits and an excess balance","Example 3 — Social Security paper check","Example 4 — Transfer between accounts","Example 5 — Commingled deposited wages within 45 days","Example 6 — Joint account and nondebtor ownership","Example 7 — Part 212 joint account with both owners’ benefits","Example 8 — Notice of Right to Garnish Federal Benefits","Example 9 — Automatic amount below the full federal exemption","Example 10 — Debtor discovers notice but trigger is unknown","Example 11 — Successive levy and the same federal order","Example 12 — Bank fee and protected funds","Example 13 — Montana unemployment benefits mixed with other funds","Example 14 — HSA account","Example 15 — VA funds and a permanent investment","Example 16 — Pending payment order and levy-time balance","XIII. Source register","XIV. Claim register","XV. Coverage and remaining-gap table","XVI. Researcher self-check","Freshly read","Arithmetic checks","Access-limited or failed material","Bounded negative findings","Not read or resolved"],"generation_provenance":{"actual_route":"regular_chat_adaptive_models","actual_model":"GPT-5.6 Sol","actual_mode":"Pro","provenance_limit":"Actual documented capture labels only; missing labels remain unknown. No preferred setting is inferred as actual execution."},"public_id":"S_MT/pass-22","facets":{"geography":["us","us-mt"],"debt_type":[],"stage":["levy"],"subject":["bank-garnishment","exemptions-property","employment-care-benefits"]},"scope":"Independent bank garnishment/benefit exemptions and tracing component; launch only afterMT21complete/saved","pending_corrections":0},"markdown":"# S_MT PASS-22 — Montana ordinary unsecured consumer-debt bank-account garnishment, deposit/benefit exemptions, and tracing\n\n**Fresh research session:** October 26, 2026, Pacific / October 26, 2026, UTC\n**Mode:** Regular Chat with public primary-source browsing\n**Relationship to prior work:** Distinct bank-account enforcement component. PASS-21, PASS-18, and the other unreviewed enforcement/litigation passes are not treated as accepted premises. Necessary judgment-execution and court-route provisions were freshly read for this pass.\n\n**Component status:** **PARTIAL.** Montana’s ordinary postjudgment bank levy, service, bank response, debtor notice, exemption-hearing route, third-party ownership claim, principal state exemptions, deposited-wage tracing, federal-benefit account-review procedure, joint-account ownership, and major federal tracing authorities are established. Actual account ownership, source tracing, bank records, service dates, order type, benefit coding, account agreement, creditor priority, fee authority, assignment, judgment validity, and local clerk practice remain held.\n\n## I. Core determinations\n\n1. **An ordinary unsecured creditor cannot freeze a Montana bank account merely because a debt exists, an account was assigned, a consumer entered debt relief, or a judgment was entered.** A still-enforceable money judgment, a court-issued writ of execution, and legally sufficient service on the financial institution are required. Montana Rule 62 ordinarily bars execution for 14 days after judgment entry unless the court modifies the stay or another exception applies. ([mca.legmt.gov](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0010/section_0010/0250-0130-0010-0010.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) [Montana Code Annotated+1](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0010/section_0010/0250-0130-0010-0010.html)\n2. **Montana’s ordinary bank levy is a snapshot levy, not a continuing 120-day bank-account freeze.** A bank or other third party responds based on assets held at the time the levy becomes effective and delivers responsive assets or payments to the sheriff or levying officer within ten business days. The special 120-day continuing-lien language applies to wages and specified state payments—not ordinary deposit accounts. [Montana Code Annotated](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0040/section_0020/0250-0130-0040-0020.html)\n3. **A Montana writ can be served personally on the bank’s proper officer, supervising employee, or designated processing person.** Mail service is valid only if the bank or other entity has consented in writing. At the bank’s direction, mail may go to an out-of-state processing location. Mail service is treated as effective upon receipt, but no later than five business days after mailing. [Montana Code Annotated](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0040/section_0020/0250-0130-0040-0020.html)\n4. **The bank does not ordinarily pay the judgment creditor directly.** The bank delivers responsive funds to the sheriff or levying officer. Except for perishable property, the officer holds levied money for ten days—excluding weekends and holidays—after notifying the judgment debtor before the money may be paid onward. [Montana Code Annotated](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0040/section_0020/0250-0130-0040-0020.html)\n5. **The officer must notify the debtor within five days after execution upon the property.** The notice must identify the property or money seized, the action and creditor, possible exemptions, and the procedure for claiming an exemption and obtaining a hearing. Personal service or first-class mail to the last-known address is permitted; mailed notice is complete when placed in the mail. [Montana Code Annotated](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0020/section_0110/0250-0130-0020-0110.html)\n6. **The debtor’s Montana exemption request is due within ten days, excluding weekends and holidays.**Personal service: measured from actual receipt.Mail: measured from the officer’s mailing date, not the debtor’s later receipt.The request must identify the property, explain the exemption, include supporting documents, and be mailed the same day to the creditor or counsel and the officer. The court must hold the exemption hearing within ten days, excluding weekends and holidays, after receiving the request. [Montana Code Annotated](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0020/section_0120/0250-0130-0020-0120.html)\n7. **Montana’s state deadline and the officer’s initial hold do not establish a universal emergency-stay rule.** A timely request triggers the statutory hearing route, but the reviewed provisions do not expressly say that filing the request automatically extends the officer’s ten-day hold indefinitely. The court’s actual order and chronology matter. An informal bank complaint, settlement proposal, FDCPA validation request, or regulator complaint does not automatically release or stay the levy. [Montana Code Annotated+1](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0020/section_0120/0250-0130-0020-0120.html)\n8. **A nondebtor co-owner’s claim is conceptually different from the debtor’s exemption claim.** Montana provides a third-person ownership route: a third person claiming levied personal property gives the sheriff notice and an affidavit stating the claim, ownership, and property description. Unless the creditor provides an adequate indemnity bond within ten days after receiving notice, the sheriff must deliver the property to the claimant. Whether a particular court applies this procedure to a specific deposit-account dispute depends on the account, ownership evidence, and levy record. [Montana Code Annotated+1](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0050/section_0030/0250-0130-0050-0030.html)\n9. **Montana does not provide a generic bank-account or cash “wildcard” exemption.** The value-limited personal-property statute protects specified household goods, one vehicle, and tools of the trade—not an ordinary cash balance simply because the money is needed for living expenses. A deposit-account exemption must come from a protected source, a specific account exemption, traceable proceeds, third-party ownership, or controlling federal law. [Montana Code Annotated](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0060/section_0090/0250-0130-0060-0090.html)\n10. **Montana does protect specified benefits and accounts.** Relevant categories include Social Security and local public assistance, veterans’ benefits, disability or illness benefits, specified IRA and rollover assets, medical-care benefits used or to be used for care, maintenance and child support, specified Montana public-retirement benefits, and qualifying medical-care, health-savings, and medical-savings accounts. The account type, contribution timing, source, debt type, and statutory exceptions still matter. [Montana Code Annotated+1](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0060/section_0080/0250-0130-0060-0080.html)\n11. **Montana’s health- and medical-savings-account protection is unusually direct.** A qualifying HSA, MSA, or medical-care savings account—including assets, income, and funds paid into or out of it—is exempt from attachment, garnishment, and similar creditor process, except to the extent the process seeks recovery of eligible medical expenses incurred from that account. [Montana Code Annotated](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0060/section_0030/0250-0130-0060-0030.html)\n12. **Deposited exempt wages have a specific 45-day tracing period.** Earnings exempt under Montana’s wage-cap statute remain exempt for 45 days after receipt while traceable. The debtor may use first-in-first-out, last-in-first-out, or another reasonable tracing method. This is not a perpetual exemption for all wages once deposited. [Montana Code Annotated](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0060/section_0100/0250-0130-0060-0100.html)\n13. **Montana’s separate six-month proceeds rule is narrower than a general benefit-tracing rule.** It protects traceable proceeds for six months when exempt property under §§25-13-608 or 609 was sold, lost, damaged, or destroyed and the debtor was indemnified. It should not be paraphrased as a universal six-month exemption for every benefit deposited into an account. [Montana Code Annotated](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0060/section_0100/0250-0130-0060-0100.html)\n14. **State unemployment benefits remain protected after receipt only while not mingled with other funds.** A mixed account therefore presents a statutory problem rather than an automatic tracing victory. Workers’ compensation and public-assistance payments have separate protections and express exceptions. None receives automatic federal Part 212 protection merely because the benefit is exempt under Montana law. [Montana Code Annotated+2](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0390/chapter_0510/part_0310/section_0050/0390-0510-0310-0050.html)\n15. **Joint-account title does not automatically make the full balance the debtor’s property.** During the parties’ lifetimes, Montana allocates beneficial ownership in proportion to each party’s net contributions unless clear and convincing evidence shows a different intent. Married parties are presumed to have equal net contributions absent proof otherwise. A POD beneficiary has no present ownership merely from the beneficiary designation, and an account agent has no beneficial right merely from agency status. [Montana Code Annotated](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0720/chapter_0060/part_0020/section_0110/0720-0060-0020-0110.html)\n16. **Part 212 creates a separate federal automatic-review layer for coded direct deposits of specified federal benefits.** It applies to all financial institutions and covers protected direct deposits from:Social Security Administration, including SSI;Department of Veterans Affairs;Railroad Retirement Board; andOffice of Personnel Management’s CSRS/FERS systems.\n\n   The eCFR was current through October 22, 2026 and reflected amendments through October 15, 2026. [eCFR+1](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.2)\n\n1. **Automatic Part 212 protection depends on ACH coding, not merely the historical source of the money.** A “benefit payment” is a covered federal payment delivered by direct deposit with the specified Treasury coding. A paper check deposited manually, a cash deposit, or a transfer between accounts does not generate the automatic protected amount merely because the funds ultimately originated from a federal benefit. The underlying federal exemption may still be asserted through the court process if the money is traceable. [eCFR+1](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.3)\n2. **Before taking other action, the bank has up to two business days to examine the order for a federal Notice of Right to Garnish Federal Benefits.** If the United States or a state child-support enforcement agency included that notice, the bank follows its ordinary procedures and does not use the automatic account-review and protected-amount process in §§212.5 and 212.6. Those special support and federal-order routes remain outside this ordinary-debt pass. [eCFR](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.4)\n3. **If no Notice of Right is present, the bank generally performs an account review within two business days after receiving the order and sufficient identifying information.** The review looks for coded covered-benefit deposits during a two-month lookback period and must precede any other action affecting account funds. [eCFR+1](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.5)\n4. **The automatic protected amount is:**\n\nProtected amount=min⁡(covered benefit deposits during lookback,balance when review occurs)\\boxed{\n\\text{Protected amount}\n=\n\\min\n\\left(\n\\text{covered benefit deposits during lookback},\n\\text{balance when review occurs}\n\\right)\n}Protected amount=min(covered benefit deposits during lookback,balance when review occurs)​The bank performs the calculation separately for each account. It disregards commingled nonbenefit funds, co-ownership, multiple beneficiaries, the nature of the underlying debt, and contrary language in the order. [eCFR+1](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.3)\n\n1. **The protected amount is immediately and conclusively exempt under Part 212.** The account holder needs no exemption filing before accessing it, and the bank may not freeze it in response to the order. Funds above that amount follow applicable state procedure, including freezing where required. [eCFR+1](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.6)\n2. **The bank’s Part 212 notice is separate from Montana’s sheriff notice.** The bank sends its federal notice within three business days after account review only when:a covered benefit was deposited during the lookback period;a protected amount was established; andfunds remain above the protected amount.\n\n   The notice identifies the protected and frozen amounts, any bank fee, and the right to claim a broader exemption. It may be sent to the account holder or a fiduciary receiving communications for the account. [eCFR](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.7)\n\n1. **Part 212 does not impose a continuing freeze on future deposits.** The bank performs one review for the first service of a particular order and cannot continually freeze later deposits. If the same order is served again after a protected-benefit review, the bank may not repeat the review or take other action on that same order. A new or different order requires a new review. [eCFR+1](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.6)\n2. **That same-order federal rule can limit Montana’s repeat-levy authority.** Montana permits repeated levies under one writ when the first levy is insufficient, but where Part 212’s protected-benefit procedures applied, federal law bars the bank from acting again on the same order. State law is preempted only to the extent inconsistent; compatible or more protective state law remains effective. [Montana Code Annotated+2](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0040/section_0020/0250-0130-0040-0020.html)\n3. **The automatic protected amount is a floor, not a ceiling on federal exemption rights.** Money above that amount may still be exempt under Social Security, VA, RRB, OPM, or other law. Part 212 expressly preserves the right to assert a broader exemption and permits consistent state rules that protect more. [eCFR+1](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.8)\n4. **Social Security and SSI have a broad underlying federal exemption.** Section 407 bars assignment and execution, levy, attachment, garnishment, and other legal process, subject only to federal-law exceptions made by express reference. SSI incorporates that protection. In *Philpott*, Social Security funds deposited in a bank account remained protected where they retained the quality of money and were readily withdrawable. [U.S. Code+2](https://uscode.house.gov/us/usc/119-124/t42/s407/)\n5. **VA benefits are likewise protected before and after receipt, subject to federal exceptions.** *Porter* held that deposited VA funds remain exempt while readily available for support and maintenance and retaining the qualities of money; permanent investment or conversion into other property can change the result. [GovInfo+1](https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/38/5301)\n6. **Railroad and federal civil-service benefits have their own underlying protections.**Railroad retirement annuities are generally protected from garnishment, subject to taxation and family-property/order exceptions.Railroad unemployment and sickness benefits are protected from assignment and legal process.CSRS and FERS payments are protected except as federal law otherwise provides.\n\n   Family support, federal recovery, divorce, tax, and specialized federal-debt exceptions remain outside this ordinary-debt report. [GovInfo+3](https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/45/231m)\n\n1. **Montana precedent recognizes tracing of commingled Social Security funds.** In *Dean v. Hoepfner*, the Montana Supreme Court protected traceable Social Security funds—including a spouse’s benefits—in a joint account and accepted a reasonable first-in-first-out tracing analysis. The case does not mean every unexplained joint-account balance is exempt; source and transactions still must be proved. [Justia Law](https://law.justia.com/cases/montana/supreme-court/1990/880c834c-cf0a-48b3-acb0-c37b3979da4a.html)\n2. **A bank may not charge a garnishment fee against the Part 212 protected amount.** Within five business days after review, a bank may charge a fee from a new nonbenefit deposit only up to that deposit’s amount and only if some independent account agreement or law authorizes the fee. Part 212 limits the source and timing; it does not itself create a fee entitlement or specify a dollar amount. [eCFR+1](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.6)\n3. **Part 212 gives banks a substantial good-faith safe harbor.** A complying bank is protected from specified creditor, account-holder, contempt, and state-law liability, including bona fide errors despite reasonable procedures and specified clearing adjustments. Federal banking agencies enforce Part 212, and the bank must retain sufficient compliance records for at least two years. [eCFR+1](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.10)\n4. **The safe harbor is not a blanket immunity from every wrongful levy.** Montana’s *Salminen* decision allowed plausible wrongful-levy, conversion, and abuse-of-process theories to proceed where execution and exemption procedures allegedly were mishandled. Liability still requires the actual facts, legal elements, causation, defenses, and any applicable Part 212 safe harbor; restoration or damages are not automatic. [Justia Law](https://cases.justia.com/montana/supreme-court/2014-da-14-0179.pdf?ts=1417564946)\n\n## II. Court, actor, and account-route matrix\n\n| Actor or route | Legal role in an ordinary deposit-account levy | Required predicate or evidence | Principal limit |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **District Court creditor** | Requests execution from the court that entered the judgment | Enforceable judgment, accurate unpaid amount, no operative stay | No automatic levy from judgment alone |\n| **Justice/City Court creditor** | Requests a writ under Rule 23 within the judgment period | Docketed judgment and creditor-supplied amount/property description | New writ cannot issue while an earlier writ remains outstanding |\n| **Small Claims creditor** | Uses Justice Court execution law after judgment | Valid Small Claims judgment | Small Claims judgment itself does not freeze an account |\n| **Municipal Court creditor** | Uses applicable municipal/limited-court procedure | Actual court jurisdiction and procedure | Exact statewide municipal-bank form not authenticated |\n| **Sheriff or levying officer** | Serves the writ, notifies debtor, receives bank payment, holds/distributes funds | Proper writ, correct bank recipient, proof of service | Must follow statutory notice and hold periods |\n| **Bank/credit union** | Third party holding debtor property | Effective service; debtor/account match | State snapshot levy plus federal account-review duties |\n| **Judgment debtor/account owner** | May assert state and federal exemptions | Specific source, account, tracing, and documents | State claim deadline is short |\n| **Nondebtor joint owner** | Claims ownership rather than the debtor’s exemption | Net-contribution evidence or different-intent proof | Joint title alone does not establish ownership share |\n| **Representative payee/fiduciary** | Administers an account or receives notices | Account title, beneficiary, fiduciary authority | Fiduciary title does not convert protected beneficiary money into personal property |\n| **Debt buyer/assignee** | May enforce only if it is the valid judgment owner or authorized party | Judgment assignment and current balance | Debt purchase alone does not freeze funds |\n| **Benefit agency** | Originates coded benefit payment | Correct ACH coding and covered agency | Part 212 is limited to named federal programs |\n| **Federal banking agency** | Enforces Part 212 against regulated bank | Institution’s charter/regulator and compliance record | Does not adjudicate all Montana ownership/exemption issues |\n| **Third party disputing bank property** | May use Montana third-person claim procedure | Notice and affidavit to sheriff describing ownership | Creditor can preserve levy by timely indemnity bond |\n\nJustice/City Court Rule 23 authorizes statewide execution and requires the creditor to identify the outstanding amount and property. Small Claims enforcement follows the Justice Court route. District writs may be issued to officers in any county, including simultaneously in different counties. [Montana Code Annotated+2](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0230/part_0010/section_0230/0250-0230-0010-0230.html)\n\n## III. Montana ordinary bank-levy workflow\n\n| Stage | Actor | Trigger or document | Required action | Relative deadline | Consequence or unresolved point |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1. Judgment enforceable | Creditor/court | Money judgment, Rule 62 period expired or stay modified | Determine unpaid amount and court route | Judgment-specific | Full judgment lifecycle remains separate |\n| 2. Writ requested | Creditor | Praecipe/request | Identify judgment, balance, credits, costs, and bank/property | Court-specific | Creditor’s number is not self-proving |\n| 3. Writ issued | Clerk/judge | Proper request | Issue signed/sealed writ | Within execution period | No levy without writ |\n| 4. Writ delivered | Creditor | Issued writ | Deliver to sheriff or registered levying officer | — | Officer authority and bond must be valid |\n| 5. Bank served | Officer | Writ | Personal service or written-consent mail service | Effective on receipt/no later than statutory mail rule | Levy becomes effective |\n| 6. Federal order check | Bank | Garnishment order | Check for federal Notice of Right | No later than 2 business days | If present, bypass Part 212 review |\n| 7. Account review | Bank | No Notice of Right | Review each account for coded covered benefits | Generally within 2 business days | Before action affecting funds |\n| 8. Protected amount | Bank | Covered benefit in lookback | Calculate automatic amount; leave accessible | Immediately | Conclusively exempt |\n| 9. State levy response | Bank | Effective levy | Identify assets held at levy and deliver responsive amount to officer | Within 10 business days | Snapshot; not continuing |\n| 10. Federal bank notice | Bank | Protected amount plus excess | Send Part 212 notice | Within 3 business days after review | Separate from sheriff notice |\n| 11. Debtor notice | Officer | Execution/seizure | Serve or mail Montana notice | Within 5 days | Starts Montana claim period |\n| 12. Officer hold | Officer | Debtor notification | Hold money before creditor distribution | 10 days excluding weekends/holidays | Court order may control further disposition |\n| 13. Debtor exemption claim | Debtor | Personal receipt or mailing | File detailed request and documents; same-day copies | 10 days excluding weekends/holidays | Late state claim barred in seized property |\n| 14. Third-party ownership claim | Nondebtor owner | Levy on claimed property | Notice and affidavit to sheriff | Promptly; creditor then has 10 days after notice to bond | Without bond, sheriff delivers to claimant |\n| 15. Exemption hearing | Court | Timely debtor request | Determine exemption and order officer | Within 10 days excluding weekends/holidays after court receipt | Hearing scope is execution/exemption |\n| 16. Bank/adverse-interest dispute | Bank or third party | Denial of debt or ownership conflict | Supplemental examination or separate action | Court-dependent | Not automatically resolved by account title |\n| 17. Distribution | Officer | Hold expires and no contrary order | Pay nonexempt funds toward judgment | Order/statute dependent | Excess beyond judgment/costs returned |\n| 18. Repeat levy | Officer/creditor | Writ remains active and first levy insufficient | State law permits another levy | Within writ’s 120-day life | Part 212 can bar same-order bank action if benefit review applied |\n| 19. New order | Creditor/court | New or different writ/order | Serve and repeat federal review | Judgment-period dependent | No automatic priority or entitlement |\n\nThe bank’s state response is based on funds held at effective levy. Pending transactions, bank setoff, accepted funds-transfer orders, deposit reversals, or account holds may affect the actual responsive balance; these are not resolved from a displayed ledger total alone. [Montana Code Annotated+1](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0040/section_0020/0250-0130-0040-0020.html)\n\n## IV. Montana exemption and tracing matrix\n\n| Property or source | Montana protection relevant to a deposit account | Necessary predicates and limits |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Ordinary wages already deposited | Exempt portion remains protected for 45 days while traceable | Must identify exempt wage portion and receipt date; trace using FIFO, LIFO, or another reasonable method |\n| Social Security benefits | Exempt under §25-13-608 and federal law | Source and tracing; support/maintenance statutory exception in Montana |\n| Local public assistance | Exempt under §25-13-608; separate Title 53 protection | Money paid to a non-needy provider for goods/services is not protected by §53-2-607 |\n| Veterans’ benefits | Exempt under §25-13-608 and federal law | Federal and state exceptions; purchased permanent property is different |\n| Disability or illness benefits | Exempt under §25-13-608 | Source, program terms, and debt type |\n| Medical-care benefits | Exempt to extent used or to be used for medical, surgical, or hospital care | Intended use and amount must be shown |\n| HSA/MSA/medical-care savings account | Direct account and payout protection | Exception for recovery of eligible medical expenses incurred from the account |\n| Montana unemployment benefits | Received funds exempt only while not mingled | Commingling can defeat the state text’s postreceipt protection |\n| Workers’ compensation | Generally protected | Statutory exceptions for support, liens, medical-benefit recovery, overpayment/restitution |\n| Maintenance/child support received | Exempt under §25-13-608 | Full support tracing and federal/state exceptions excluded |\n| Specified IRA/Roth/rollover assets | Limited statutory protection | Contribution timing, qualification, earnings, and support exception |\n| Montana Title 19 retirement benefits | Protected as specified by cross-referenced retirement statutes | Account/program-specific |\n| CSRS/FERS federal benefits | Federal protection and Part 212 direct-deposit review | Federal-law exceptions |\n| Railroad benefits | Federal protection and Part 212 review | Tax, family-order, support, and federal-law exceptions |\n| Unmatured life-insurance contract | Debtor’s interest protected under §25-13-608 | Does not automatically resolve paid proceeds deposited into a bank |\n| Proceeds of sold/lost/damaged exempt property | Six-month protection if traceable and indemnified | Requires the precise conversion event in §25-13-610(1) |\n| Ordinary cash/savings | No generic Montana wildcard found | Must prove another exemption or nondebtor ownership |\n| Joint-account co-owner funds | Ownership follows net contributions or proved intent | Married equal-contribution presumption absent contrary proof |\n\nThe no-wildcard conclusion comes from the exhaustive categories listed in §25-13-609; that statute protects enumerated tangible property and tools, not an unrestricted cash balance. [Montana Code Annotated+2](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0060/section_0080/0250-0130-0060-0080.html)\n\n## V. Joint accounts, beneficial ownership, and third-party claims\n\n### A. State ownership rule\n\nFor living account parties:\n\nBeneficial share=party’s net contributiontotal net contributions×current balance\\text{Beneficial share}\n=\n\\frac{\\text{party’s net contribution}}{\\text{total net contributions}}\n\\times\n\\text{current balance}Beneficial share=total net contributionsparty’s net contribution​×current balanceunless clear and convincing evidence shows a different intent. Charges and interest are allocated proportionally under the statutory definition. Married parties begin with a rebuttable equal-contribution presumption. [Montana Code Annotated](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0720/chapter_0060/part_0020/section_0110/0720-0060-0020-0110.html)\n\nThis ownership rule is distinct from:\n\n- The bank’s contractual right to honor account instructions;\n- Part 212’s automatic benefit review;\n- The creditor’s asserted levy amount; and\n- The sheriff’s third-party claim process.\n\n### B. Third-person ownership route\n\nA nondebtor owner claiming levied account funds may:\n\n1. Give the sheriff notice.\n2. Deliver an affidavit describing:the ownership claim;the claimant’s ownership; andthe property.\n3. Trigger the creditor’s ten-day period to provide an indemnity bond.\n4. Obtain delivery from the sheriff if the creditor does not timely bond. [Montana Code Annotated+1](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0050/section_0030/0250-0130-0050-0030.html)\n\nThis is not the same as the judgment debtor’s ten-day exemption claim under §25-13-212. The exact local filing package, hearing practice, and treatment of intangible bank deposits were not identified in a current statewide court form.\n\n### C. Part 212 treats co-ownership differently\n\nFor the automatic federal calculation, the bank ignores the existence of co-owners and counts all coded covered-benefit deposits in the account during the lookback period. Appendix C therefore protects an entire $7,000 balance where $3,000 came from the debtor’s benefits and $4,000 from the co-owner’s covered benefits. [eCFR+1](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.5)\n\n## VI. Federal Part 212 account-review matrix\n\n| Question | Current rule | Result |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Which banks? | All banks, savings associations, credit unions, and other banking entities within the definition | Part 212 applies regardless of Montana charter |\n| Which payments? | Coded direct deposits from SSA/SSI, VA, RRB, and OPM | Paper checks and ordinary transfers do not create automatic amount |\n| When review? | Generally no later than two business days after receipt of order and sufficient identification | Review precedes other fund-affecting action |\n| Lookback | Two-month period ending the day before review | Exact calendar formula in §212.3 |\n| Formula | Lesser of covered deposits in lookback or review-time balance | Separate for each account |\n| Co-owners | Ignored for automatic calculation | Co-owner benefits can increase protected amount |\n| Commingling | Ignored for automatic calculation | Nonbenefit funds do not reduce automatic protected amount |\n| Transfer between accounts | Bank does not trace | Automatic protection can be absent in destination account |\n| Access | Full and customary access required | No exemption claim needed first |\n| Legal status | Protected amount conclusively exempt | Creditor cannot challenge the automatic amount |\n| Excess balance | Bank follows state procedures | Additional federal/state exemptions may still apply |\n| Notice | Within three business days if excess is frozen | No notice required when entire positive balance protected |\n| Same order again | No repeat review or other action under that order once §212.6 applies | New/different order required |\n| Future deposits | No continuing garnishment | Later funds remain accessible absent new order |\n| Bank fee | Never against protected amount; limited five-business-day nonbenefit-deposit route | Separate fee authorization still needed |\n| Greater exemption | Preserved | Automatic amount is not maximum underlying exemption |\n| State law | Inconsistent state law preempted; consistent higher protection preserved | Montana exemption process remains relevant |\n| Bank safe harbor | Good-faith compliance and reasonable-procedure error protection | Not blanket immunity for unrelated misconduct |\n| Record retention | At least two years after receipt of order | Federal banking agencies enforce |\n\n## VII. Federal-benefit source matrix\n\n| Federal source | Underlying ordinary-debt protection | Part 212 automatic review? | Material exceptions/holds |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Social Security | §407 bars assignment and legal process; *Philpott* preserves traceable deposited funds | Yes, coded direct deposit | Express federal-law exceptions, including support and federal collection routes |\n| SSI | Incorporates §407 protection | Yes | Same federal-law exception framework |\n| VA benefits | §5301 protects before and after receipt; *Porter* protects readily available deposited money | Yes | U.S. claims, family-support/federal-law exceptions; purchased permanent property differs |\n| Railroad retirement annuity | §231m generally bars assignment and garnishment | Yes | Tax and specified divorce/property-order treatment |\n| Railroad unemployment/sickness | §352(e) broadly bars assignment and legal process | Yes | Federal statutory exceptions |\n| CSRS | §8346 bars execution, levy, attachment, and garnishment except as federal law provides | Yes | Federal support/division/recovery rules |\n| FERS | §8470 provides materially similar protection | Yes | Federal support/division/recovery rules |\n| TSP or other federal retirement account | Not established merely from OPM Part 212 coverage | Not automatically treated as OPM annuity direct deposit | Separate federal retirement-account law required |\n| Montana unemployment | State-law exemption while unmingled | No | State exceptions |\n| Montana workers’ compensation | State-law protection with exceptions | No | Separate statutory exceptions |\n| Montana public assistance | State protection for needy-person assistance | No | Provider payments not protected |\n| HSA/MSA | Direct Montana account protection | No | Eligible-medical-expense recovery exception |\n\n## VIII. Debtor and third-party claim procedure\n\n### A. Judgment debtor’s exemption claim\n\n| Required component | What Montana requires |\n| --- | --- |\n| Filing destination | Court that issued the execution |\n| Form | Written request for hearing |\n| Property identification | Specific account, funds, deposit, or amount claimed exempt |\n| Legal/factual basis | Statutory or federal exemption and explanation |\n| Supporting evidence | Statements, benefit records, deposit coding, pay records, ownership records, tracing schedule, or comparable documents |\n| Copies | Mailed same day to creditor/counsel and sheriff/levying officer |\n| Deadline | Ten days excluding weekends/holidays from personal receipt or officer mailing date |\n| Hearing | Within ten days excluding weekends/holidays after court receives request |\n| Result | Court forwards exemption order to officer |\n| Late consequence | State statute bars exemption claim in the seized property |\n\n### B. Nondebtor owner’s claim\n\n| Required component | What Montana requires |\n| --- | --- |\n| Recipient | Sheriff |\n| Notice | Third person gives notice of claim |\n| Affidavit | States claim, ownership, and property description |\n| Creditor response | Creditor has ten days after receiving notice to furnish adequate indemnity bond |\n| No bond | Sheriff delivers property to claimant |\n| Bond furnished | Levy can be retained while ownership dispute proceeds |\n| Bank-account gap | Exact statewide form and deposit-specific hearing mechanics not identified |\n\n### C. Bank or third-party adverse-interest dispute\n\nIf the bank denies holding debtor property, denies indebtedness, or claims an adverse interest, the court may authorize the creditor to bring a separate action and may restrain transfer pending that action. Supplemental proceedings can require examination of a person or entity believed to hold debtor property or owe the debtor. [Montana Code Annotated+1](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0140/part_0010/section_0030/0250-0140-0010-0030.html)\n\n## IX. Bank duties, fees, safe harbors, and potential consequences\n\n### A. Bank’s principal duties\n\n| Duty | Source | Timing |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Validate service and account-holder identity | Montana levy statute | On receipt |\n| Check for federal Notice of Right | 31 CFR §212.4 | Within 2 business days |\n| Conduct account review | 31 CFR §212.5 | Generally within 2 business days |\n| Preserve immediate access to protected amount | 31 CFR §212.6 | Immediately |\n| Freeze only excess subject to state law | 31 CFR §212.6 | On review |\n| Send federal notice when required | 31 CFR §212.7 | Within 3 business days |\n| Respond to state levy based on assets at levy | MCA §25-13-402(3) | Within 10 business days |\n| Avoid repeated action on same covered order | 31 CFR §212.6(f) | On re-service |\n| Avoid continuing freeze of future deposits | 31 CFR §212.6(g) | After review |\n| Retain Part 212 compliance records | 31 CFR §212.11 | At least 2 years |\n\n### B. Fees\n\nNo current Montana execution statute reviewed here authorizes a fixed bank garnishment-processing fee or a particular dollar amount. Part 212:\n\n- prohibits charging the protected amount;\n- permits collection within five business days from newly deposited nonbenefit funds;\n- caps that collection at the amount of those nonbenefit deposits; and\n- does not independently create the fee right. [eCFR+1](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.6)\n\nCreditor execution costs, sheriff fees, and recoverability from the debtor were not comprehensively audited in this pass.\n\n### C. Safe harbor\n\nThe federal safe harbor protects a bank acting in good faith against specified liability to the creditor, account holder, and under state procedural law. It covers:\n\n- account activity during the review period;\n- protection or freezing performed consistently with Part 212;\n- optional notice information;\n- bona fide errors despite reasonable procedures;\n- ordinary clearing and settlement adjustments; and\n- honoring a postservice dated written instruction from the account holder to apply protected funds. [eCFR](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.10)\n\nThis report does not treat the last item as advice to use protected funds or as a waiver valid under every underlying benefit statute.\n\n### D. Wrongful levy and delayed release\n\n*Salminen* confirms that Montana execution is statutory and that mishandled execution or exemption procedures can support claims such as wrongful levy, conversion, or abuse of process when all elements are proved. The decision reversed a pleading-stage dismissal in part; it did not award automatic damages or establish liability for every delay. [Justia Law](https://cases.justia.com/montana/supreme-court/2014-da-14-0179.pdf?ts=1417564946)\n\nNo standalone private cause of action under Part 212 was established here. Federal banking agencies expressly enforce the regulation. [eCFR](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.11)\n\n## X. Material decisions\n\n| Decision | Facts and posture | Holding used here | Limit |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| ***Philpott v. Essex County Welfare Board*, 409 U.S. 413 (1973)** | State sought reimbursement from a bank account containing a retroactive Social Security payment | Deposited Social Security money remained protected under §407 while retaining the quality of money | Does not protect nonbenefit funds or permanent investments |\n| ***Porter v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co.*, 370 U.S. 159 (1962)** | VA benefits were deposited in savings-and-loan accounts | Deposits remained exempt while readily available for support and maintenance and retaining money qualities | Permanent investments or converted property can differ |\n| ***Dean v. Hoepfner*, 1990 Montana decision** | Joint account contained debtor and spouse Social Security plus other funds | Traceable Social Security funds remained exempt; reasonable FIFO tracing accepted | Historical facts; does not exempt every joint-account dollar |\n| ***Salminen v. Morrison & Frampton, PLLP*, 2014 MT 323** | Alleged execution and exemption-process mishandling | Wrongful-levy, conversion, and abuse-of-process allegations could proceed past dismissal if sufficiently pleaded | No automatic liability or damages |\n| ***Dorwart v. Caraway*, 1998 MT 191** | Constitutional challenge to historical execution procedures | Exemptions are protected property interests requiring adequate notice and prompt opportunity to be heard | Current §§25-13-211 and 212 postdate the challenged procedure |\n\n*Philpott*: materially printed pages 415–416, zero-based PDF indices 2–3. [GovInfo+1](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-409/pdf/USREPORTS-409-413.pdf)\n*Porter*: materially printed pages 159, 161–162, PDF indices 0, 2–3. [GovInfo+2](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-370/pdf/USREPORTS-370-159.pdf)\n*Dean*: materially printed pages 7–10, PDF indices 6–9. [Justia Law+3](https://cases.justia.com/montana/supreme-court/1990-11-26-880C834C-CF0A-48B3-ACB0-C37B3979DA4A.pdf?ts=1462387647)\n*Salminen*: materially printed pages 10–11 and 15–16, PDF indices 9–10 and 14–15. [Justia Law+3](https://cases.justia.com/montana/supreme-court/2014-da-14-0179.pdf?ts=1417564946)\n\n## XI. Official forms and instructions\n\n| Official resource | Full literal URL | Purpose | Version/read status and limit |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Collecting a Judgment | https://courts.mt.gov/forms/judgement | General Judicial Branch collection overview | Current official page opened; guidance, not controlling law |\n| Civil Forms | https://courts.mt.gov/forms/civilforms | Official index of District and limited-court forms | Current page opened October 26, 2026 |\n| Justice/City Writ of Execution | https://courts.mt.gov/external/library/forms/civil/city_jp/writ_exe.doc | Limited-court execution writ | Officially linked; Word body and revision date not machine-readable |\n| District Writ of Execution | https://courts.mt.gov/external/library/forms/civil/district/writ_exec.doc | District writ | Officially linked; Word body and revision date not machine-readable |\n| District Execution | https://courts.mt.gov/external/library/forms/civil/district/execution.doc | Execution papers | Officially linked; contents not machine-readable |\n| District Notice of Seizure | https://courts.mt.gov/external/library/forms/civil/district/seizure.doc | Debtor seizure/exemption notice | Officially linked; contents not machine-readable; statutory notice text verified independently |\n| Justice/City Praecipe | https://courts.mt.gov/external/library/forms/civil/city_jp/praecipe.doc | Instructions for issuance/service | Officially linked; contents not machine-readable |\n| Generic District Praecipe | https://courts.mt.gov/external/library/forms/civil/district/praecipe.pdf | Generic summons-service instructions | Two-page form dated 09/10/10; not an execution- or bank-garnishment-specific form |\n\nNo current official statewide Montana form specifically titled “bank garnishment answer,” “bank interrogatories,” or “federal benefit account review” was identified in the official form inventory. Search silence is not proof that no local clerk packet, sheriff form, or bank response form exists.\n\n## XII. Bounded worked examples\n\nAll amounts are hypothetical U.S. dollars. Arithmetic consistency does not establish judgment validity, ownership, exemption, assignment, service, fee authority, or permission to collect.\n\n### Example 1 — Ordinary unprotected deposit\n\n**Assumptions**\n\n- Valid, enforceable Montana money judgment.\n- Rule 62 stay has expired.\n- Writ properly issued and served on bank.\n- No federal benefit deposit in lookback.\n- No co-owner, exemption, bank setoff, pending payment order, or competing levy.\n- Balance at effective levy: $3,200.00.\n- Judgment balance exceeds $3,200.00.\n\nState snapshot amount:\n\n$3,200.00\\boxed{\\$3,200.00}$3,200.00​The bank responds based on the $3,200.00 held when levy became effective and delivers up to that amount within ten business days. Later deposits are not automatically frozen by that service. Montana may permit a later levy while the writ remains active, subject to actual process and federal limitations. [Montana Code Annotated](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0040/section_0020/0250-0130-0040-0020.html)\n\n### Example 2 — Covered direct deposits and an excess balance\n\nThis tracks Part 212 Appendix C.\n\n**Assumptions**\n\n- Review-time balance: $5,000.00.\n- Covered coded federal deposits during lookback: $4,500.00.\n\nProtected amount:\n\nmin⁡($4,500.00,$5,000.00)=$4,500.00\\min(\\$4,500.00,\\$5,000.00)\n=\n\\boxed{\\$4,500.00}min($4,500.00,$5,000.00)=$4,500.00​Potential state-frozen excess:\n\n$5,000.00−$4,500.00=$500.00\\$5,000.00-\\$4,500.00\n=\n\\boxed{\\$500.00}$5,000.00−$4,500.00=$500.00​The bank must keep $4,500.00 fully accessible, may freeze $500.00 under state procedure, and must send the federal notice within three business days. [eCFR+1](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/appendix-Appendix%20C%20to%20Part%20212)\n\n### Example 3 — Social Security paper check\n\n**Assumptions**\n\n- A $1,500.00 Social Security check was deposited manually.\n- No coded covered direct deposit appears in the lookback.\n- The money remains identifiable in the account.\n\nAutomatic Part 212 amount:\n\n$0.00\\boxed{\\$0.00}$0.00​That does **not** establish that the $1,500.00 is garnishable. Section 407 and *Philpott* may protect it if its source and continued money character are proved through the state exemption process. [eCFR+2](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.5)\n\n### Example 4 — Transfer between accounts\n\n**Facts**\n\n- $1,000.00 covered benefit was directly deposited into Account A.\n- The amount later appeared in Account B by transfer.\n- Garnishment order reaches Account B.\n\nPart 212 review of Account B does not trace the transfer back to Account A. Automatic protection in B therefore is not established from the original ACH coding.\n\nThe underlying Social Security, VA, RRB, or OPM exemption may still protect the transferred amount if it remains traceable under applicable law. No automatic outcome is supplied. [eCFR+1](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.5)\n\n### Example 5 — Commingled deposited wages within 45 days\n\n**Assumptions**\n\n- Account initially contains $100.00 unprotected money.\n- Debtor deposits $400.00 in wages that were exempt from wage garnishment.\n- No withdrawals occur.\n- Bank levy occurs 30 days after wage receipt.\n\nBalance:\n\n$100.00+$400.00=$500.00\\$100.00+\\$400.00=\\$500.00$100.00+$400.00=$500.00Potential traceable wage exemption:\n\n$400.00\\boxed{\\$400.00}$400.00​Potential ordinary nonexempt amount:\n\n$100.00\\boxed{\\$100.00}$100.00​The wage exemption depends on proof of the exempt payroll component and receipt date. After 45 days, §25-13-610(2) no longer supplies that deposited-wage protection. [Montana Code Annotated](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0060/section_0100/0250-0130-0060-0100.html)\n\n### Example 6 — Joint account and nondebtor ownership\n\n**Assumptions**\n\n- Unmarried co-owners.\n- Account balance: $6,000.00.\n- Debtor’s proven net contribution: $2,000.00.\n- Nondebtor’s proven net contribution: $4,000.00.\n- No contrary intent and no federal benefits.\n\nStatutory ownership proportions:\n\nDebtor share=$2,000$6,000=33.333%\\text{Debtor share}\n=\n\\frac{\\$2,000}{\\$6,000}\n=\n33.333\\%Debtor share=$6,000$2,000​=33.333%Nondebtor share=$4,000$6,000=66.667%\\text{Nondebtor share}\n=\n\\frac{\\$4,000}{\\$6,000}\n=\n66.667\\%Nondebtor share=$6,000$4,000​=66.667%Potential debtor-owned amount:\n\n$2,000.00\\boxed{\\$2,000.00}$2,000.00​Potential nondebtor-owned amount:\n\n$4,000.00\\boxed{\\$4,000.00}$4,000.00​The bank may initially respond to the order according to its process, but the nondebtor can assert ownership using account records and the third-person claim route. Joint title alone does not make all $6,000.00 available. [Montana Code Annotated+2](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0720/chapter_0060/part_0020/section_0110/0720-0060-0020-0110.html)\n\n### Example 7 — Part 212 joint account with both owners’ benefits\n\nThis follows Appendix C.\n\n- Balance: $7,000.00.\n- Covered deposits to debtor: $3,000.00.\n- Covered deposits to co-owner: $4,000.00.\n\nCovered deposits:\n\n$3,000.00+$4,000.00=$7,000.00\\$3,000.00+\\$4,000.00\n=\n\\$7,000.00$3,000.00+$4,000.00=$7,000.00Protected amount:\n\nmin⁡($7,000.00,$7,000.00)=$7,000.00\\min(\\$7,000.00,\\$7,000.00)\n=\n\\boxed{\\$7,000.00}min($7,000.00,$7,000.00)=$7,000.00​No excess is frozen, and no Part 212 notice is required. The automatic result ignores which co-owner received each covered payment. [eCFR](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/appendix-Appendix%20C%20to%20Part%20212)\n\n### Example 8 — Notice of Right to Garnish Federal Benefits\n\n**Assumptions**\n\n- Order was issued by the United States or a state child-support enforcement agency.\n- The required Notice of Right is included.\n\nThe bank:\n\n- does not calculate the Part 212 protected amount;\n- does not apply §§212.5 and 212.6; and\n- follows its customary process for that order.\n\nThis is a special federal/support branch excluded from the ordinary consumer-debt result. [eCFR](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.4)\n\n### Example 9 — Automatic amount below the full federal exemption\n\n**Assumptions**\n\n- Review-time balance: $6,000.00.\n- Coded benefit deposits in lookback: $2,000.00.\n- Additional $2,000.00 consists of older, traceable Social Security deposits.\n- Remaining $2,000.00 is ordinary money.\n\nAutomatic protected amount:\n\nmin⁡($2,000.00,$6,000.00)=$2,000.00\\min(\\$2,000.00,\\$6,000.00)\n=\n\\$2,000.00min($2,000.00,$6,000.00)=$2,000.00Initial excess subject to state freeze:\n\n$6,000.00−$2,000.00=$4,000.00\\$6,000.00-\\$2,000.00\n=\n\\$4,000.00$6,000.00−$2,000.00=$4,000.00Potential further §407 claim:\n\n$2,000.00\\boxed{\\$2,000.00}$2,000.00​Potential ultimately nonexempt ordinary money:\n\n$2,000.00\\boxed{\\$2,000.00}$2,000.00​The bank’s automatic calculation protects $2,000.00; the court claim is needed to establish whether another $2,000.00 remains federally exempt. [eCFR+2](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.7)\n\n### Example 10 — Debtor discovers notice but trigger is unknown\n\n**Facts**\n\n- Debtor locates a seizure notice.\n- It is unclear whether the notice was personally served or mailed.\n- Mailing and receipt dates are unknown.\n\nNo calendar deadline is calculated.\n\nAlternative state triggers:\n\n- Personal service: ten days excluding weekends and holidays from actual receipt.\n- Mail: ten days excluding weekends and holidays from the officer’s mailing date.\n\nThe uncertainty does not authorize adding three mail days or selecting the later date without evidence. [Montana Code Annotated](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0020/section_0120/0250-0130-0020-0120.html)\n\n### Example 11 — Successive levy and the same federal order\n\n#### Branch A — no covered benefit in initial review\n\n- First levy captures $500.00.\n- Judgment remains unpaid.\n- Writ remains active.\n- Later money appears.\n\nMontana allows another levy under the active writ, subject to valid service and other law.\n\n#### Branch B — a covered benefit was found and §212.6 applied\n\nThe bank may not repeat the account review or take further action if the **same order** is served again. A new or different order is required for another review and freeze. [Montana Code Annotated+1](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0040/section_0020/0250-0130-0040-0020.html)\n\n### Example 12 — Bank fee and protected funds\n\n**Assumptions**\n\n- Protected amount: $1,000.00.\n- No excess funds at review.\n- Three business days later, $20.00 in nonbenefit funds is deposited.\n- Assume—but do not establish—that the account agreement otherwise authorizes a fee.\n\nMaximum fee source permitted by Part 212:\n\nmin⁡(otherwise authorized fee,$20.00)\\min(\\text{otherwise authorized fee},\\$20.00)min(otherwise authorized fee,$20.00)The bank cannot charge the $1,000.00 protected amount. Part 212 does not itself authorize any fee or prove the account agreement valid. [eCFR+1](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.6)\n\n### Example 13 — Montana unemployment benefits mixed with other funds\n\n**Assumptions**\n\n- $800.00 Montana unemployment benefits deposited.\n- $100.00 ordinary money later deposited into the same account.\n- Account balance: $900.00.\n\nThe unemployment statute protects received benefits only while not mingled. The mixed account therefore does not receive an automatic $800.00 exemption under that statutory sentence.\n\nWhether another tracing rule or fact preserves some protection remains unresolved on these facts. [Montana Code Annotated](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0390/chapter_0510/part_0310/section_0050/0390-0510-0310-0050.html)\n\n### Example 14 — HSA account\n\n**Assumptions**\n\n- Qualifying HSA balance: $2,500.00.\n- Ordinary credit-card judgment.\n- Debt is not recovery of eligible medical expenses incurred from that HSA.\n\nProtected amount:\n\n$2,500.00\\boxed{\\$2,500.00}$2,500.00​Different result may follow if the proceeding seeks eligible medical expenses falling within §25-13-603(3). [Montana Code Annotated](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0060/section_0030/0250-0130-0060-0030.html)\n\n### Example 15 — VA funds and a permanent investment\n\n#### Deposit branch\n\n- $4,000.00 in VA benefits remains in a savings account.\n- Funds are readily available for support and maintenance.\n- Source remains traceable.\n\n*Porter* supports continued protection.\n\n#### Converted-property branch\n\n- The same money was used to purchase a permanent investment or other property.\n\nThe bank-deposit exemption does not automatically follow into the new asset. The asset’s own exemption law must be analyzed. [GovInfo+1](https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/38/5301)\n\n### Example 16 — Pending payment order and levy-time balance\n\n**Assumptions**\n\n- Ledger balance when writ arrives: $2,000.00.\n- Bank had already accepted a $500.00 outgoing funds-transfer order before creditor process.\n- No other exemption or setoff.\n\nPotential responsive credit after the accepted order:\n\n$2,000.00−$500.00=$1,500.00\\$2,000.00-\\$500.00\n=\n\\boxed{\\$1,500.00}$2,000.00−$500.00=$1,500.00​The actual result depends on Article 4A timing, acceptance, bank setoff, settlement, and account terms. This example does not instruct account movement and does not establish that the payment order prevails on different facts. [Montana Code Annotated](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0300/chapter_004A/part_0050/section_0020/0300-004A-0050-0020.html)\n\n## XIII. Source register\n\n| Source ID | Authority, issuer, full literal URL, exact pinpoint | Version/status, access, and read bounds |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **S_MT-P22-S001** | **MCA §25-13-101 and M. R. Civ. P. 62**, Montana Legislature. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0010/section_0010/0250-0130-0010-0010.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0200/part_0070/section_0620/0250-0200-0070-0620.html | **Fresh current MCA 2025/rule text**, accessed October 26, 2026 Pacific/UTC. Narrow judgment-enforceability and 14-day stay provisions read completely. [Montana Code Annotated+1](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0010/section_0010/0250-0130-0010-0010.html) |\n| **S_MT-P22-S002** | **MCA §§25-13-301, 401, and 402**, Montana Legislature. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0030/section_0010/0250-0130-0030-0010.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0040/section_0010/0250-0130-0040-0010.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0040/section_0020/0250-0130-0040-0020.html | **Fresh current MCA 2025 HTML.** Complete material clauses on writ contents, county officers, bank service, levy effectiveness, snapshot assets, ten-business-day delivery, officer hold, repeated levy, and wage/state-payment distinctions. [Montana Code Annotated+2](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0030/section_0010/0250-0130-0030-0010.html) |\n| **S_MT-P22-S003** | **MCA §§25-13-211 and 212**, Montana Legislature. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0020/section_0110/0250-0130-0020-0110.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0020/section_0120/0250-0130-0020-0120.html | **Fresh current MCA 2025 HTML.** Complete notice, personal/mail trigger, ten-day claim, required documents/copies, late bar, and hearing clauses read. [Montana Code Annotated+1](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0020/section_0110/0250-0130-0020-0110.html) |\n| **S_MT-P22-S004** | **MCA §25-13-503 and §27-18-602**, Montana Legislature. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0050/section_0030/0250-0130-0050-0030.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0270/chapter_0180/part_0060/section_0020/0270-0180-0060-0020.html | **Fresh current MCA 2025 HTML.** Third-person notice, ownership affidavit, and creditor’s ten-day indemnity-bond route read completely. Deposit-account application not located in a current controlling case. [Montana Code Annotated+1](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0050/section_0030/0250-0130-0050-0030.html) |\n| **S_MT-P22-S005** | **Justice/City Rule 23 and MCA §25-35-807**, Montana Legislature. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0230/part_0010/section_0230/0250-0230-0010-0230.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0350/part_0080/section_0070/0250-0350-0080-0070.html | **Fresh current rule/statute.** Statewide limited-court execution, writ contents, 120-day writ, repeat service, return, new-writ restriction, and Small Claims cross-reference read. [Montana Code Annotated+1](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0230/part_0010/section_0230/0250-0230-0010-0230.html) |\n| **S_MT-P22-S006** | **MCA §§25-14-103 and 104**, Montana Legislature. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0140/part_0010/section_0030/0250-0140-0010-0030.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0140/part_0010/section_0040/0250-0140-0010-0040.html | **Fresh current MCA 2025 HTML.** Supplemental examination and separate-action/adverse-interest branches read. [Montana Code Annotated+1](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0140/part_0010/section_0030/0250-0140-0010-0030.html) |\n| **S_MT-P22-S007** | **MCA §§25-13-603, 608, 609, and 610**, Montana Legislature. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0060/section_0030/0250-0130-0060-0030.html; .../section_0080/...; .../section_0090/...; .../section_0100/... | **Fresh current MCA 2025 HTML.** HSA/MSA, unlimited-source exemptions, value-limited tangible-property exemptions, six-month proceeds, 45-day deposited-wage protection, and tracing methods read completely. [Montana Code Annotated+3](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0060/section_0080/0250-0130-0060-0080.html) |\n| **S_MT-P22-S008** | **MCA §§39-51-3105, 39-71-743, and 53-2-607**, Montana Legislature. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0390/chapter_0510/part_0310/section_0050/0390-0510-0310-0050.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0390/chapter_0710/part_0070/section_0430/0390-0710-0070-0430.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0530/chapter_0020/part_0060/section_0070/0530-0020-0060-0070.html | **Fresh current MCA 2025 HTML.** Unemployment nonmingling condition, workers’ compensation exceptions, and needy-person/public-assistance distinction read. [Montana Code Annotated+2](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0390/chapter_0510/part_0310/section_0050/0390-0510-0310-0050.html) |\n| **S_MT-P22-S009** | **MCA §72-6-211**, Montana Legislature. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0720/chapter_0060/part_0020/section_0110/0720-0060-0020-0110.html | **Fresh current MCA 2025 HTML.** Net-contribution ownership, married-party presumption, POD, and agent clauses read completely. [Montana Code Annotated](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0720/chapter_0060/part_0020/section_0110/0720-0060-0020-0110.html) |\n| **S_MT-P22-S010** | **MCA §30-4A-502**, Montana Legislature. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0300/chapter_004A/part_0050/section_0020/0300-004A-0050-0020.html | **Fresh current MCA 2025 HTML.** Narrow creditor-process, accepted payment-order, and bank-setoff boundary only; no full setoff dossier. [Montana Code Annotated](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0300/chapter_004A/part_0050/section_0020/0300-004A-0050-0020.html) |\n| **S_MT-P22-S011** | **31 CFR Part 212**, Treasury and federal banking agencies. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212 and direct §§212.2–212.11 URLs | **Fresh eCFR**, current through October 22, 2026; Title 31 last amended October 15, 2026. Scope, definitions, Notice of Right, review, protection, notice, greater rights, preemption, safe harbor, and two-year records read. [eCFR+9](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.2) |\n| **S_MT-P22-S012** | **Appendix C to 31 CFR Part 212**, https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/appendix-Appendix%20C%20to%20Part%20212 | **Fresh current eCFR.** Lookback examples and protected-amount examples, including $5,000/$4,500 and $7,000 co-owner examples, read completely. [eCFR](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/appendix-Appendix%20C%20to%20Part%20212) |\n| **S_MT-P22-S013** | **42 U.S.C. §407 and §1383(d)(1)**, U.S. House OLRC. https://uscode.house.gov/us/usc/119-124/t42/s407/; https://uscode.house.gov/us/usc/119-124/t42/s1383/ | **Fresh official current text** through the displayed public-law compilation. Social Security antiassignment/legal-process clause and SSI incorporation read. [U.S. Code+1](https://uscode.house.gov/us/usc/119-124/t42/s407/) |\n| **S_MT-P22-S014** | **38 U.S.C. §5301**, GovInfo. https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/38/5301 | **Fresh official PDF.** Relevant protection at printed page 1052, zero-based PDF index 0, visually inspected. Ordinary creditor protection and federal exceptions read; full support/federal-debt dossier excluded. [GovInfo+1](https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/38/5301) |\n| **S_MT-P22-S015** | **45 U.S.C. §231m and §352(e)**, GovInfo. https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/45/231m; https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/45/352 | **Fresh official PDFs.** §231m at printed page 83/PDF index 0; §352(e) at printed page 109/PDF index 4; both visually inspected. Tax/divorce/federal exceptions preserved. [GovInfo+3](https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/45/231m) |\n| **S_MT-P22-S016** | **5 U.S.C. §§8346 and 8470**, GovInfo. https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/5/8346; https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/5/8470 | **Fresh official PDFs.** CSRS protection at printed page 1086/PDF index 0; FERS at printed page 1191/PDF index 0; visually inspected. [GovInfo+3](https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/5/8346) |\n| **S_MT-P22-S017** | ***Philpott v. Essex County Welfare Board*, 409 U.S. 413 (1973)**. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-409/pdf/USREPORTS-409-413.pdf | **Fresh official U.S. Reports PDF.** Materially printed pp.415–416/PDF indices 2–3, visually inspected. [GovInfo+2](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-409/pdf/USREPORTS-409-413.pdf) |\n| **S_MT-P22-S018** | ***Porter v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co.*, 370 U.S. 159 (1962)**. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-370/pdf/USREPORTS-370-159.pdf | **Fresh official U.S. Reports PDF.** Materially printed pp.159, 161–162/PDF indices 0, 2–3, visually inspected. [GovInfo+3](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-370/pdf/USREPORTS-370-159.pdf) |\n| **S_MT-P22-S019** | ***Dean v. Hoepfner*, Montana Supreme Court (1990)**. https://law.justia.com/cases/montana/supreme-court/1990/880c834c-cf0a-48b3-acb0-c37b3979da4a.html; PDF https://cases.justia.com/montana/supreme-court/1990-11-26-880C834C-CF0A-48B3-ACB0-C37B3979DA4A.pdf?ts=1462387647 | **Fresh full public reproduction of actual opinion.** Material pp.7–10/PDF indices 6–9 visually inspected. Secondary host disclosed; no paid citator. [Justia Law+4](https://law.justia.com/cases/montana/supreme-court/1990/880c834c-cf0a-48b3-acb0-c37b3979da4a.html) |\n| **S_MT-P22-S020** | ***Salminen v. Morrison & Frampton, PLLP*, 2014 MT 323**. https://cases.justia.com/montana/supreme-court/2014-da-14-0179.pdf?ts=1417564946 | **Fresh full public opinion PDF.** Material pp.10–11 and 15–16/PDF indices 9–10 and 14–15 visually inspected. Pleading-stage reversal; no automatic damages holding. [Justia Law+4](https://cases.justia.com/montana/supreme-court/2014-da-14-0179.pdf?ts=1417564946) |\n| **S_MT-P22-S021** | **Montana Judicial Branch judgment and civil forms pages.** https://courts.mt.gov/forms/judgement; https://courts.mt.gov/forms/civilforms | **Fresh official pages.** Writ, execution, notice-of-seizure, and praecipe routes verified. Direct Word files failed machine-readable extraction; internal versions and full clauses not read. [Montana Courts+1](https://courts.mt.gov/forms/judgement) |\n| **S_MT-P22-S022** | **Generic District Praecipe**, Montana Judicial Branch. https://courts.mt.gov/external/library/forms/civil/district/praecipe.pdf | **Fresh official two-page PDF**, version 09/10/10, printed pp.1–2/PDF indices 0–1 visually inspected. Generic summons-service form, not relied upon as a bank-levy form. [Montana Courts+2](https://courts.mt.gov/external/library/forms/civil/district/praecipe.pdf) |\n\n## XIV. Claim register\n\n| Claim ID | Precise claim | Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **S_MT-P22-C001** | Ordinary bank execution requires an enforceable judgment and court-issued writ. | S001–S002. Creditor/postjudgment. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C002** | Judgment entry, debt assignment, collection placement, or debt-relief enrollment does not itself freeze an account. | S001–S002. **High structural conclusion.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C003** | Montana ordinarily bars execution for 14 days after District Court judgment entry absent modification or exception. | S001, Rule 62(a). **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C004** | Writ must identify the judgment and monetary amount with statutory specificity. | S002, §25-13-301. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C005** | Writ may be directed to a sheriff or levying officer in any Montana county; simultaneous county writs are permitted. | S002, §25-13-401. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C006** | Bank service is personal on specified personnel or by written-consent mail. | S002, §25-13-402(1)(b). **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C007** | Mail service is effective on actual receipt, no later than five business days after mailing. | S002. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C008** | Ordinary bank levy is based on assets held when levy becomes effective. | S002, §25-13-402(3). **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C009** | Bank must deliver responsive assets/payments to the officer within ten business days. | S002. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C010** | Ordinary bank levy is not a continuing 120-day levy on later deposits. | S002, contrasting subsections (3) and (6)–(7). **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C011** | Officer may repeat state levy under the active writ when first levy is insufficient. | S002, §25-13-402(5). **High, subject to Part 212.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C012** | Officer holds nonperishable levied money ten days excluding weekends/holidays after debtor notification. | S002, §25-13-402(4). **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C013** | Debtor notice is due within five days after execution upon property. | S003, §25-13-211. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C014** | Mailed state notice is complete when placed in the mail. | S003. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C015** | Debtor exemption request is due within ten days excluding weekends/holidays from statutory trigger. | S003, §25-13-212. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C016** | Request must identify property, explain exemption, include documents, and be copied same day to creditor/counsel and officer. | S003. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C017** | Court must hold exemption hearing within ten days excluding weekends/holidays after receipt. | S003. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C018** | Late state claim bars exemption in the seized property under §25-13-212. | S003. **High; other federal remedies held.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C019** | Filing a state exemption request has no express indefinite automatic-hold effect beyond the reviewed statutory process. | S002–S003. **Qualified negative.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C020** | A third person claiming levied personal property uses notice and ownership affidavit to sheriff. | S004. **High textual conclusion.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C021** | Creditor has ten days after third-party notice to post indemnity bond or sheriff delivers property to claimant. | S004. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C022** | Exact deposit-account implementation of the third-person process was not located in a controlling current case or form. | S004. **Unresolved procedural detail.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C023** | Montana provides no generic cash/bank-account wildcard in §25-13-609. | S007, §609. **High textual conclusion.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C024** | Montana exempts specified benefits and retirement/medical assets under §25-13-608. | S007, §608. **High, category-specific.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C025** | Qualifying HSA/MSA assets, income, deposits, and payouts are directly protected, subject to medical-expense recovery exception. | S007, §603. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C026** | Traceable exempt wages remain protected for 45 days after receipt. | S007, §610(2). **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C027** | Montana permits FIFO, LIFO, or another reasonable debtor-selected tracing method. | S007, §610(3). **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C028** | Six-month traceable-proceeds protection requires sale, loss, damage, destruction, and indemnification of exempt property. | S007, §610(1). **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C029** | Montana unemployment benefits remain exempt after receipt only while not mingled. | S008, §39-51-3105. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C030** | Workers’ compensation is generally protected subject to enumerated support, lien, medical-recovery, overpayment, and restitution exceptions. | S008, §39-71-743. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C031** | Public assistance to a needy person is protected, while provider payments for goods/services are not protected by §53-2-607. | S008. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C032** | Joint-account beneficial ownership follows net contributions absent clear and convincing different intent. | S009, §72-6-211. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C033** | Married account parties are presumed to contribute equally absent proof otherwise. | S009. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C034** | POD beneficiary and account agent lack present beneficial ownership merely from designation. | S009. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C035** | Part 212 applies to all financial institutions and specified SSA/SSI, VA, RRB, and OPM direct deposits. | S011, §§212.2–212.3. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C036** | Automatic coverage requires the specified direct-deposit coding. | S011, §212.3. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C037** | Bank must check for Notice of Right before other action and within two business days. | S011, §212.4. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C038** | Notice-of-Right orders bypass §§212.5 and 212.6. | S011. **High; special federal/support route.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C039** | Part 212 review is generally due within two business days after order and sufficient identification. | S011, §212.5(a). **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C040** | Lookback is the two-month period ending the day before account review. | S011, §212.3. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C041** | Protected amount is lesser of covered deposits in lookback and review-time balance. | S011, §212.3. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C042** | Review ignores commingling, co-owners, multiple beneficiaries/programs, debt type, and contrary order language. | S011, §212.5(d). **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C043** | Bank performs separate review for each account and does not trace transfers between accounts. | S011, §212.5(f). **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C044** | Protected amount must remain immediately accessible without prior exemption claim and is conclusively exempt. | S011, §212.6(a), (c). **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C045** | Excess above automatic amount follows state garnishment procedure and may still be further exempt. | S011, §§212.6(d), 212.8. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C046** | Federal bank notice is due within three business days only where protected amount exists and excess funds remain. | S011, §212.7. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C047** | Same covered order may not trigger repeat bank review or other action after initial Part 212 review. | S011, §212.6(f). **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C048** | Part 212 creates no continuing freeze of later deposits; new/different order required. | S011, §212.6(g). **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C049** | Inconsistent state law is preempted, while consistent greater state protection survives. | S011, §212.9. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C050** | Bank may not charge a protected amount and has only the conditional five-business-day nonbenefit-deposit route. | S011, §212.6(h). **High; independent fee authority required.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C051** | Good-faith Part 212 compliance gives bank specified safe-harbor protections. | S011, §212.10. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C052** | Bank must retain sufficient Part 212 compliance records for at least two years; federal banking agencies enforce. | S011, §212.11. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C053** | Social Security and SSI are protected from ordinary legal process under federal law. | S013. **High, subject to express federal exceptions.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C054** | Traceable deposited Social Security remains protected under *Philpott*. | S017. **High, fact-specific.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C055** | VA benefits remain protected after deposit while readily available and retaining money characteristics. | S014, S018. **High, fact-specific.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C056** | Railroad retirement and unemployment/sickness benefits have independent federal anti-garnishment statutes. | S015. **High, with statutory exceptions.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C057** | CSRS and FERS payments are protected except as federal law otherwise provides. | S016. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C058** | Montana’s *Dean* decision recognizes reasonable tracing of commingled Social Security in a joint account. | S019. **High, historical fact-specific holding.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C059** | Bank or third party denying debtor ownership can trigger supplemental proceedings or separate litigation. | S006. **High.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C060** | Accepted payment orders and bank setoff can affect levy-time account credit, but are distinct from garnishment. | S010. **High boundary; full setoff analysis excluded.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C061** | Wrongful levy, conversion, or abuse-of-process claims may exist when statutory procedures are violated, but relief is not automatic. | S020. **High for pleading-stage possibility; merits held.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C062** | No specific Montana statutory bank-processing fee amount was found in the reviewed execution provisions. | S001–S010, S021. **Qualified negative.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C063** | No current official statewide bank-answer/interrogatory form was identified on the Judicial Branch forms pages. | S021. **Qualified negative.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C064** | Official Word execution forms were linked but not machine-readable; exact fields and revision dates remain unverified. | S021. **High provenance limit.** |\n| **S_MT-P22-C065** | No actual account, benefit coding, writ, service, ownership share, levy response, fee, or exemption record was established. | All sources. **High provenance limit.** |\n\n## XV. Coverage and remaining-gap table\n\n| Assigned issue | Status | Claim IDs | Exact missing evidence or next action |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Judgment/writ prerequisite | Answered | C001–C004 | Actual judgment, stay, and writ |\n| Automatic freeze from debt/judgment | Rejected | C001–C003 | Lawful execution required |\n| District Court bank route | Answered in core | C004–C12 | Actual clerk/local process |\n| Justice/City route | Answered | C001, S005 | Actual writ and court |\n| Small Claims enforcement | Answered | S005 | Actual judgment |\n| Municipal Court route | Partial | — | Current court-specific execution form/procedure |\n| Bank personal service | Answered | C006–C008 | Actual recipient and proof |\n| Bank mail service | Answered conditionally | C006–C008 | Written consent, address, mailing, receipt |\n| Out-of-state bank processor | Answered textually | C006–C008 | Bank direction and jurisdiction |\n| Bank snapshot amount | Answered | C008–C10 | Actual balance, pending items, setoff |\n| Bank delivery deadline | Answered | C009 | Actual effective levy date |\n| Continuing bank levy | Rejected | C010 | New/repeat levy requirements |\n| State repeat levy | Answered conditionally | C011 | Active writ and federal Part 212 limit |\n| Officer hold | Answered | C012 | Actual notice and court order |\n| Debtor notice | Answered | C013–C14 | Actual personal/mail record |\n| Debtor claim deadline | Answered | C015 | Exact trigger and holiday calendar |\n| Claim content | Answered | C016 | Actual source documents |\n| Hearing timing | Answered | C017 | Court receipt date |\n| Late claim effect | Answered under state statute | C018 | Federal relief after default not resolved |\n| Automatic stay from claim | Unresolved/no indefinite statutory stay identified | C019 | Court order or controlling case |\n| Third-party ownership claim | Answered textually | C020–C22 | Deposit-specific form and court practice |\n| Creditor indemnity bond | Answered | C021 | Actual notice/bond |\n| Generic cash exemption | No exemption found | C023 | Another source exemption or ownership needed |\n| Social Security state exemption | Answered | C024, C053–C54 | Tracing and federal exceptions |\n| VA exemption | Answered | C024, C055 | Tracing and federal exceptions |\n| Disability/illness benefits | Answered textually | C024 | Actual source and exceptions |\n| Medical benefits | Answered textually | C024 | Use or intended use |\n| HSA/MSA | Answered | C025 | Account qualification and medical-recovery exception |\n| IRA/Roth/rollover | Partial | C024 | Contribution timing and federal/other law |\n| Montana public retirement | Partial | C024 | Specific Title 19 plan law |\n| Unemployment | Answered textually | C029 | Commingling and exceptions |\n| Workers’ compensation | Answered textually | C030 | Enumerated exception facts |\n| Public assistance | Answered textually | C031 | Needy-person versus provider payment |\n| Deposited wages | Answered | C026–C27 | Payroll source, 45-day timing, tracing |\n| Six-month converted-property proceeds | Answered narrowly | C028 | Sale/loss/damage/destruction and indemnity |\n| Joint-account ownership | Answered | C032–C34 | Net-contribution records and intent |\n| Married joint account | Answered presumptively | C033 | Evidence rebutting equal presumption |\n| POD/agent ownership | Answered | C034 | Actual beneficial interest |\n| Part 212 covered agencies | Answered | C035 | Actual payment source |\n| Coded direct deposit | Answered | C036 | ACH record |\n| Paper check | No automatic Part 212 protection | C036, C053–C55 | Underlying traceable exemption |\n| Notice-of-Right order | Answered as bypass | C037–C38 | Actual order issuer and attachment |\n| Account-review timing | Answered | C039 | Order receipt and identifying information |\n| Lookback period | Answered | C040 | Review date |\n| Automatic formula | Answered | C041 | Covered deposits and review balance |\n| Commingling/co-owner treatment | Answered federally | C042 | State ownership remains separate |\n| Multiple accounts | Answered | C043 | Separate balances and deposits |\n| Transfers between accounts | No automatic tracing | C043 | Underlying source tracing |\n| Immediate access | Answered | C044 | Bank compliance facts |\n| Excess over protected amount | Answered | C045 | Additional state/federal exemption |\n| Federal bank notice | Answered | C046 | Actual excess and notice |\n| Same order re-service | Answered | C047 | Whether §212.6 initially applied |\n| Later deposits | Answered | C048 | New/different order |\n| State/federal preemption | Answered structurally | C049 | Actual conflict |\n| Bank fee | Answered as restriction, not authorization | C050, C062 | Account agreement or other law |\n| Bank safe harbor | Answered | C051 | Good faith and reasonable procedures |\n| Bank records | Answered | C052 | Actual records and regulator |\n| Social Security/SSI underlying protection | Answered | C053–C54 | Express federal exceptions |\n| VA underlying protection | Answered | C055 | Money versus permanent investment |\n| RRB underlying protection | Answered in core | C056 | Family-order/tax/federal exceptions |\n| CSRS/FERS protection | Answered in core | C057 | Federal-law exceptions |\n| Representative payee/fiduciary | Partial | C035, C046 | Account title, beneficiary, fiduciary law |\n| Supplemental/adverse-interest action | Answered in framework | C059 | Actual bank response and ownership |\n| Bank setoff | Excluded except narrow UCC boundary | C060 | Full account agreement/setoff analysis |\n| Wrongful levy | Partial | C061 | Elements, causation, defenses, safe harbor |\n| Bank private Part 212 action | Unresolved | C051–C52 | Controlling cause-of-action authority |\n| Official forms | Answered with access limits | C063–C64 | Word contents/revision dates/local forms |\n| Wage garnishment | Excluded except deposited-wage tracing | C026–C27 | PASS-21 unreviewed |\n| Physical asset execution | Excluded | — | Separate pass |\n| Homestead | Excluded | — | Separate exemption pass |\n| Full retirement/ERISA | Excluded | — | Separate retirement pass |\n| Support/tax/student/federal administrative orders | Excluded except Part 212 bypass boundary | C038 | Specialized passes |\n| Bankruptcy | Excluded | — | Automatic-stay/exemption pass |\n| Credit reporting | Excluded | — | Reporting pass |\n| Judgment lifecycle | Excluded beyond narrow writ/stay gateway | C001–C003 | PASS-18 unreviewed |\n| Standing/assignment/balance | Excluded | C065 | Actual judgment-owner proof |\n| Local/tribal/foreign law | Excluded | — | Jurisdiction-specific research |\n| Actual consumer/account result | Unresolved | C065 | Private records outside scope |\n\n## XVI. Researcher self-check\n\n### Freshly read\n\n- Current Montana statutes governing:execution issuance and timing;writ contents;county officer authority;bank/entity service;effective levy;bank snapshot response and ten-business-day delivery;officer hold and repeat levy;debtor notice;exemption request and hearing;third-party ownership claim and indemnity bond;supplemental examination and adverse-interest litigation;state exemptions and tracing;HSA/MSA protection;unemployment, workers’ compensation, and public assistance;joint-account beneficial ownership;Justice/City and Small Claims execution.\n- Current 31 CFR Part 212 and Appendix C.\n- Current federal statutory protections for Social Security/SSI, VA, RRB, CSRS, and FERS.\n- Full or materially complete primary judicial opinions identified above.\n- Current Montana Judicial Branch forms and judgment pages.\n\n### Arithmetic checks\n\n- $5,000 − $4,500 = $500.\n- Joint benefit example: $3,000 + $4,000 = $7,000.\n- Joint contribution example: $2,000/$6,000 = 33.333%; $4,000/$6,000 = 66.667%.\n- Deposited-wage example: $100 + $400 = $500.\n- Accepted-payment-order example: $2,000 − $500 = $1,500.\n\n### Access-limited or failed material\n\n- Official Montana Word execution, writ, seizure, and praecipe forms were linked but not machine-readable through the public web route.\n- Several Montana opinions were accessed through complete public reproductions rather than an official Montana-hosted PDF.\n- No paid citator, private docket, bank record, title search, or county clerk system was used.\n- No complete bank setoff, retirement, support, tax, student-loan, bankruptcy, or local-practice audit was performed.\n\n### Bounded negative findings\n\nNo current primary authority located in this focused pass established:\n\n- A general Montana cash or bank-account wildcard exemption.\n- A continuing 120-day ordinary bank-account levy.\n- A specific Montana statutory bank-processing fee amount.\n- A current statewide ordinary bank “answer to garnishment” or interrogatory form.\n- Automatic protection under Part 212 for a paper benefit check or an interaccount transfer.\n- Automatic statewide propagation of a bank release or exemption order.\n- Automatic damages for every wrongful freeze.\n- A universal private cause of action under Part 212.\n- A rule making the full balance of every joint account debtor-owned.\n- Automatic exemption of every commingled benefit source.\n- Automatic stay from an informal dispute, settlement request, or regulatory complaint.\n\nSearch limits are not treated as proof that no unpublished order, local form, account-agreement term, special-sector statute, or later authority exists.\n\n### Not read or resolved\n\nNo actual:\n\n- judgment;\n- writ;\n- levy service;\n- bank response;\n- account agreement;\n- account statement;\n- ACH coding;\n- benefit record;\n- co-owner contribution ledger;\n- representative-payee appointment;\n- exemption filing;\n- third-party affidavit;\n- court order;\n- bank fee;\n- setoff;\n- settlement;\n- bankruptcy; or\n- private account data\n\nwas accessed or inferred.\n\nNo filing, levy, account movement, bank instruction, exemption claim, record request, provider lookup, contact, purchase, account change, private-data access, browser control, other-chat access, local write, individualized legal advice, collection approval, independent-review conclusion, component acceptance, Montana acceptance, parent-dossier acceptance, A066 acceptance, operational approval, or publication-readiness determination occurred.\n\n**REPORT PARTIAL — the focused Montana ordinary unsecured consumer-debt bank-account garnishment, deposit ownership, benefit exemption, federal account-review, tracing, notice, hearing, and bank-duty component is completed to the stated source, factual, procedural, and currentness limits.**\n\nEND S_MT PASS-22.\n\n","tables":[{"headers":["Actor or route","Legal role in an ordinary deposit-account levy","Required predicate or evidence","Principal limit"],"index":0,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Actor or route","Legal role in an ordinary deposit-account levy","Required predicate or evidence","Principal limit"],["District Court creditor","Requests execution from the court that entered the judgment","Enforceable judgment, accurate unpaid amount, no operative stay","No automatic levy from judgment alone"],["Justice/City Court creditor","Requests a writ under Rule 23 within the judgment period","Docketed judgment and creditor-supplied amount/property description","New writ cannot issue while an earlier writ remains outstanding"],["Small Claims creditor","Uses Justice Court execution law after judgment","Valid Small Claims judgment","Small Claims judgment itself does not freeze an account"],["Municipal Court creditor","Uses applicable municipal/limited-court procedure","Actual court jurisdiction and procedure","Exact statewide municipal-bank form not authenticated"],["Sheriff or levying officer","Serves the writ, notifies debtor, receives bank payment, holds/distributes funds","Proper writ, correct bank recipient, proof of service","Must follow statutory notice and hold periods"],["Bank/credit union","Third party holding debtor property","Effective service; debtor/account match","State snapshot levy plus federal account-review duties"],["Judgment debtor/account owner","May assert state and federal exemptions","Specific source, account, tracing, and documents","State claim deadline is short"],["Nondebtor joint owner","Claims ownership rather than the debtor’s exemption","Net-contribution evidence or different-intent proof","Joint title alone does not establish ownership share"],["Representative payee/fiduciary","Administers an account or receives notices","Account title, beneficiary, fiduciary authority","Fiduciary title does not convert protected beneficiary money into personal property"],["Debt buyer/assignee","May enforce only if it is the valid judgment owner or authorized party","Judgment assignment and current balance","Debt purchase alone does not freeze funds"],["Benefit agency","Originates coded benefit payment","Correct ACH coding and covered agency","Part 212 is limited to named federal programs"],["Federal banking agency","Enforces Part 212 against regulated bank","Institution’s charter/regulator and compliance record","Does not adjudicate all Montana ownership/exemption issues"],["Third party disputing bank property","May use Montana third-person claim procedure","Notice and affidavit to sheriff describing ownership","Creditor can preserve levy by timely indemnity bond"]]},{"headers":["Stage","Actor","Trigger or document","Required action","Relative deadline","Consequence or unresolved point"],"index":1,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Stage","Actor","Trigger or document","Required action","Relative deadline","Consequence or unresolved point"],["1. Judgment enforceable","Creditor/court","Money judgment, Rule 62 period expired or stay modified","Determine unpaid amount and court route","Judgment-specific","Full judgment lifecycle remains separate"],["2. Writ requested","Creditor","Praecipe/request","Identify judgment, balance, credits, costs, and bank/property","Court-specific","Creditor’s number is not self-proving"],["3. Writ issued","Clerk/judge","Proper request","Issue signed/sealed writ","Within execution period","No levy without writ"],["4. Writ delivered","Creditor","Issued writ","Deliver to sheriff or registered levying officer","—","Officer authority and bond must be valid"],["5. Bank served","Officer","Writ","Personal service or written-consent mail service","Effective on receipt/no later than statutory mail rule","Levy becomes effective"],["6. Federal order check","Bank","Garnishment order","Check for federal Notice of Right","No later than 2 business days","If present, bypass Part 212 review"],["7. Account review","Bank","No Notice of Right","Review each account for coded covered benefits","Generally within 2 business days","Before action affecting funds"],["8. Protected amount","Bank","Covered benefit in lookback","Calculate automatic amount; leave accessible","Immediately","Conclusively exempt"],["9. State levy response","Bank","Effective levy","Identify assets held at levy and deliver responsive amount to officer","Within 10 business days","Snapshot; not continuing"],["10. Federal bank notice","Bank","Protected amount plus excess","Send Part 212 notice","Within 3 business days after review","Separate from sheriff notice"],["11. Debtor notice","Officer","Execution/seizure","Serve or mail Montana notice","Within 5 days","Starts Montana claim period"],["12. Officer hold","Officer","Debtor notification","Hold money before creditor distribution","10 days excluding weekends/holidays","Court order may control further disposition"],["13. Debtor exemption claim","Debtor","Personal receipt or mailing","File detailed request and documents; same-day copies","10 days excluding weekends/holidays","Late state claim barred in seized property"],["14. Third-party ownership claim","Nondebtor owner","Levy on claimed property","Notice and affidavit to sheriff","Promptly; creditor then has 10 days after notice to bond","Without bond, sheriff delivers to claimant"],["15. Exemption hearing","Court","Timely debtor request","Determine exemption and order officer","Within 10 days excluding weekends/holidays after court receipt","Hearing scope is execution/exemption"],["16. Bank/adverse-interest dispute","Bank or third party","Denial of debt or ownership conflict","Supplemental examination or separate action","Court-dependent","Not automatically resolved by account title"],["17. Distribution","Officer","Hold expires and no contrary order","Pay nonexempt funds toward judgment","Order/statute dependent","Excess beyond judgment/costs returned"],["18. Repeat levy","Officer/creditor","Writ remains active and first levy insufficient","State law permits another levy","Within writ’s 120-day life","Part 212 can bar same-order bank action if benefit review applied"],["19. New order","Creditor/court","New or different writ/order","Serve and repeat federal review","Judgment-period dependent","No automatic priority or entitlement"]]},{"headers":["Property or source","Montana protection relevant to a deposit account","Necessary predicates and limits"],"index":2,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Property or source","Montana protection relevant to a deposit account","Necessary predicates and limits"],["Ordinary wages already deposited","Exempt portion remains protected for 45 days while traceable","Must identify exempt wage portion and receipt date; trace using FIFO, LIFO, or another reasonable method"],["Social Security benefits","Exempt under §25-13-608 and federal law","Source and tracing; support/maintenance statutory exception in Montana"],["Local public assistance","Exempt under §25-13-608; separate Title 53 protection","Money paid to a non-needy provider for goods/services is not protected by §53-2-607"],["Veterans’ benefits","Exempt under §25-13-608 and federal law","Federal and state exceptions; purchased permanent property is different"],["Disability or illness benefits","Exempt under §25-13-608","Source, program terms, and debt type"],["Medical-care benefits","Exempt to extent used or to be used for medical, surgical, or hospital care","Intended use and amount must be shown"],["HSA/MSA/medical-care savings account","Direct account and payout protection","Exception for recovery of eligible medical expenses incurred from the account"],["Montana unemployment benefits","Received funds exempt only while not mingled","Commingling can defeat the state text’s postreceipt protection"],["Workers’ compensation","Generally protected","Statutory exceptions for support, liens, medical-benefit recovery, overpayment/restitution"],["Maintenance/child support received","Exempt under §25-13-608","Full support tracing and federal/state exceptions excluded"],["Specified IRA/Roth/rollover assets","Limited statutory protection","Contribution timing, qualification, earnings, and support exception"],["Montana Title 19 retirement benefits","Protected as specified by cross-referenced retirement statutes","Account/program-specific"],["CSRS/FERS federal benefits","Federal protection and Part 212 direct-deposit review","Federal-law exceptions"],["Railroad benefits","Federal protection and Part 212 review","Tax, family-order, support, and federal-law exceptions"],["Unmatured life-insurance contract","Debtor’s interest protected under §25-13-608","Does not automatically resolve paid proceeds deposited into a bank"],["Proceeds of sold/lost/damaged exempt property","Six-month protection if traceable and indemnified","Requires the precise conversion event in §25-13-610(1)"],["Ordinary cash/savings","No generic Montana wildcard found","Must prove another exemption or nondebtor ownership"],["Joint-account co-owner funds","Ownership follows net contributions or proved intent","Married equal-contribution presumption absent contrary proof"]]},{"headers":["Question","Current rule","Result"],"index":3,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Question","Current rule","Result"],["Which banks?","All banks, savings associations, credit unions, and other banking entities within the definition","Part 212 applies regardless of Montana charter"],["Which payments?","Coded direct deposits from SSA/SSI, VA, RRB, and OPM","Paper checks and ordinary transfers do not create automatic amount"],["When review?","Generally no later than two business days after receipt of order and sufficient identification","Review precedes other fund-affecting action"],["Lookback","Two-month period ending the day before review","Exact calendar formula in §212.3"],["Formula","Lesser of covered deposits in lookback or review-time balance","Separate for each account"],["Co-owners","Ignored for automatic calculation","Co-owner benefits can increase protected amount"],["Commingling","Ignored for automatic calculation","Nonbenefit funds do not reduce automatic protected amount"],["Transfer between accounts","Bank does not trace","Automatic protection can be absent in destination account"],["Access","Full and customary access required","No exemption claim needed first"],["Legal status","Protected amount conclusively exempt","Creditor cannot challenge the automatic amount"],["Excess balance","Bank follows state procedures","Additional federal/state exemptions may still apply"],["Notice","Within three business days if excess is frozen","No notice required when entire positive balance protected"],["Same order again","No repeat review or other action under that order once §212.6 applies","New/different order required"],["Future deposits","No continuing garnishment","Later funds remain accessible absent new order"],["Bank fee","Never against protected amount; limited five-business-day nonbenefit-deposit route","Separate fee authorization still needed"],["Greater exemption","Preserved","Automatic amount is not maximum underlying exemption"],["State law","Inconsistent state law preempted; consistent higher protection preserved","Montana exemption process remains relevant"],["Bank safe harbor","Good-faith compliance and reasonable-procedure error protection","Not blanket immunity for unrelated misconduct"],["Record retention","At least two years after receipt of order","Federal banking agencies enforce"]]},{"headers":["Federal source","Underlying ordinary-debt protection","Part 212 automatic review?","Material exceptions/holds"],"index":4,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Federal source","Underlying ordinary-debt protection","Part 212 automatic review?","Material exceptions/holds"],["Social Security","§407 bars assignment and legal process; Philpott preserves traceable deposited funds","Yes, coded direct deposit","Express federal-law exceptions, including support and federal collection routes"],["SSI","Incorporates §407 protection","Yes","Same federal-law exception framework"],["VA benefits","§5301 protects before and after receipt; Porter protects readily available deposited money","Yes","U.S. claims, family-support/federal-law exceptions; purchased permanent property differs"],["Railroad retirement annuity","§231m generally bars assignment and garnishment","Yes","Tax and specified divorce/property-order treatment"],["Railroad unemployment/sickness","§352(e) broadly bars assignment and legal process","Yes","Federal statutory exceptions"],["CSRS","§8346 bars execution, levy, attachment, and garnishment except as federal law provides","Yes","Federal support/division/recovery rules"],["FERS","§8470 provides materially similar protection","Yes","Federal support/division/recovery rules"],["TSP or other federal retirement account","Not established merely from OPM Part 212 coverage","Not automatically treated as OPM annuity direct deposit","Separate federal retirement-account law required"],["Montana unemployment","State-law exemption while unmingled","No","State exceptions"],["Montana workers’ compensation","State-law protection with exceptions","No","Separate statutory exceptions"],["Montana public assistance","State protection for needy-person assistance","No","Provider payments not protected"],["HSA/MSA","Direct Montana account protection","No","Eligible-medical-expense recovery exception"]]},{"headers":["Required component","What Montana requires"],"index":5,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Required component","What Montana requires"],["Filing destination","Court that issued the execution"],["Form","Written request for hearing"],["Property identification","Specific account, funds, deposit, or amount claimed exempt"],["Legal/factual basis","Statutory or federal exemption and explanation"],["Supporting evidence","Statements, benefit records, deposit coding, pay records, ownership records, tracing schedule, or comparable documents"],["Copies","Mailed same day to creditor/counsel and sheriff/levying officer"],["Deadline","Ten days excluding weekends/holidays from personal receipt or officer mailing date"],["Hearing","Within ten days excluding weekends/holidays after court receives request"],["Result","Court forwards exemption order to officer"],["Late consequence","State statute bars exemption claim in the seized property"]]},{"headers":["Required component","What Montana requires"],"index":6,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Required component","What Montana requires"],["Recipient","Sheriff"],["Notice","Third person gives notice of claim"],["Affidavit","States claim, ownership, and property description"],["Creditor response","Creditor has ten days after receiving notice to furnish adequate indemnity bond"],["No bond","Sheriff delivers property to claimant"],["Bond furnished","Levy can be retained while ownership dispute proceeds"],["Bank-account gap","Exact statewide form and deposit-specific hearing mechanics not identified"]]},{"headers":["Duty","Source","Timing"],"index":7,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Duty","Source","Timing"],["Validate service and account-holder identity","Montana levy statute","On receipt"],["Check for federal Notice of Right","31 CFR §212.4","Within 2 business days"],["Conduct account review","31 CFR §212.5","Generally within 2 business days"],["Preserve immediate access to protected amount","31 CFR §212.6","Immediately"],["Freeze only excess subject to state law","31 CFR §212.6","On review"],["Send federal notice when required","31 CFR §212.7","Within 3 business days"],["Respond to state levy based on assets at levy","MCA §25-13-402(3)","Within 10 business days"],["Avoid repeated action on same covered order","31 CFR §212.6(f)","On re-service"],["Avoid continuing freeze of future deposits","31 CFR §212.6(g)","After review"],["Retain Part 212 compliance records","31 CFR §212.11","At least 2 years"]]},{"headers":["Decision","Facts and posture","Holding used here","Limit"],"index":8,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Decision","Facts and posture","Holding used here","Limit"],["Philpott v. Essex County Welfare Board, 409 U.S. 413 (1973)","State sought reimbursement from a bank account containing a retroactive Social Security payment","Deposited Social Security money remained protected under §407 while retaining the quality of money","Does not protect nonbenefit funds or permanent investments"],["Porter v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co., 370 U.S. 159 (1962)","VA benefits were deposited in savings-and-loan accounts","Deposits remained exempt while readily available for support and maintenance and retaining money qualities","Permanent investments or converted property can differ"],["Dean v. Hoepfner, 1990 Montana decision","Joint account contained debtor and spouse Social Security plus other funds","Traceable Social Security funds remained exempt; reasonable FIFO tracing accepted","Historical facts; does not exempt every joint-account dollar"],["Salminen v. Morrison & Frampton, PLLP, 2014 MT 323","Alleged execution and exemption-process mishandling","Wrongful-levy, conversion, and abuse-of-process allegations could proceed past dismissal if sufficiently pleaded","No automatic liability or damages"],["Dorwart v. Caraway, 1998 MT 191","Constitutional challenge to historical execution procedures","Exemptions are protected property interests requiring adequate notice and prompt opportunity to be heard","Current §§25-13-211 and 212 postdate the challenged procedure"]]},{"headers":["Official resource","Full literal URL","Purpose","Version/read status and limit"],"index":9,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Official resource","Full literal URL","Purpose","Version/read status and limit"],["Collecting a Judgment","https://courts.mt.gov/forms/judgement","General Judicial Branch collection overview","Current official page opened; guidance, not controlling law"],["Civil Forms","https://courts.mt.gov/forms/civilforms","Official index of District and limited-court forms","Current page opened October 26, 2026"],["Justice/City Writ of Execution","https://courts.mt.gov/external/library/forms/civil/city_jp/writ_exe.doc","Limited-court execution writ","Officially linked; Word body and revision date not machine-readable"],["District Writ of Execution","https://courts.mt.gov/external/library/forms/civil/district/writ_exec.doc","District writ","Officially linked; Word body and revision date not machine-readable"],["District Execution","https://courts.mt.gov/external/library/forms/civil/district/execution.doc","Execution papers","Officially linked; contents not machine-readable"],["District Notice of Seizure","https://courts.mt.gov/external/library/forms/civil/district/seizure.doc","Debtor seizure/exemption notice","Officially linked; contents not machine-readable; statutory notice text verified independently"],["Justice/City Praecipe","https://courts.mt.gov/external/library/forms/civil/city_jp/praecipe.doc","Instructions for issuance/service","Officially linked; contents not machine-readable"],["Generic District Praecipe","https://courts.mt.gov/external/library/forms/civil/district/praecipe.pdf","Generic summons-service instructions","Two-page form dated 09/10/10; not an execution- or bank-garnishment-specific form"]]},{"headers":["Source ID","Authority, issuer, full literal URL, exact pinpoint","Version/status, access, and read bounds"],"index":10,"links":[{"href":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0010/section_0010/0250-0130-0010-0010.html","text":"Montana Code Annotated\n+1"},{"href":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0030/section_0010/0250-0130-0030-0010.html","text":"Montana Code Annotated\n+2"},{"href":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0020/section_0110/0250-0130-0020-0110.html","text":"Montana Code Annotated\n+1"},{"href":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0050/section_0030/0250-0130-0050-0030.html","text":"Montana Code Annotated\n+1"},{"href":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0230/part_0010/section_0230/0250-0230-0010-0230.html","text":"Montana Code Annotated\n+1"},{"href":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0140/part_0010/section_0030/0250-0140-0010-0030.html","text":"Montana Code Annotated\n+1"},{"href":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0060/section_0080/0250-0130-0060-0080.html","text":"Montana Code Annotated\n+3"},{"href":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0390/chapter_0510/part_0310/section_0050/0390-0510-0310-0050.html","text":"Montana Code Annotated\n+2"},{"href":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0720/chapter_0060/part_0020/section_0110/0720-0060-0020-0110.html","text":"Montana Code Annotated"},{"href":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0300/chapter_004A/part_0050/section_0020/0300-004A-0050-0020.html","text":"Montana Code Annotated"},{"href":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.2","text":"eCFR\n+9"},{"href":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/appendix-Appendix%20C%20to%20Part%20212","text":"eCFR"},{"href":"https://uscode.house.gov/us/usc/119-124/t42/s407/","text":"U.S. Code\n+1"},{"href":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/38/5301","text":"GovInfo\n+1"},{"href":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/45/231m","text":"GovInfo\n+3"},{"href":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/5/8346","text":"GovInfo\n+3"},{"href":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-409/pdf/USREPORTS-409-413.pdf","text":"GovInfo\n+2"},{"href":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-370/pdf/USREPORTS-370-159.pdf","text":"GovInfo\n+3"},{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/montana/supreme-court/1990/880c834c-cf0a-48b3-acb0-c37b3979da4a.html","text":"Justia Law\n+4"},{"href":"https://cases.justia.com/montana/supreme-court/2014-da-14-0179.pdf?ts=1417564946","text":"Justia Law\n+4"},{"href":"https://courts.mt.gov/forms/judgement","text":"Montana Courts\n+1"},{"href":"https://courts.mt.gov/external/library/forms/civil/district/praecipe.pdf","text":"Montana Courts\n+2"}],"row_links":[[],[{"href":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0010/section_0010/0250-0130-0010-0010.html","text":"Montana Code Annotated\n+1"}],[{"href":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0030/section_0010/0250-0130-0030-0010.html","text":"Montana Code Annotated\n+2"}],[{"href":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0020/section_0110/0250-0130-0020-0110.html","text":"Montana Code Annotated\n+1"}],[{"href":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0050/section_0030/0250-0130-0050-0030.html","text":"Montana Code Annotated\n+1"}],[{"href":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0230/part_0010/section_0230/0250-0230-0010-0230.html","text":"Montana Code Annotated\n+1"}],[{"href":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0140/part_0010/section_0030/0250-0140-0010-0030.html","text":"Montana Code Annotated\n+1"}],[{"href":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0060/section_0080/0250-0130-0060-0080.html","text":"Montana Code Annotated\n+3"}],[{"href":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0390/chapter_0510/part_0310/section_0050/0390-0510-0310-0050.html","text":"Montana Code Annotated\n+2"}],[{"href":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0720/chapter_0060/part_0020/section_0110/0720-0060-0020-0110.html","text":"Montana Code Annotated"}],[{"href":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0300/chapter_004A/part_0050/section_0020/0300-004A-0050-0020.html","text":"Montana Code Annotated"}],[{"href":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.2","text":"eCFR\n+9"}],[{"href":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/appendix-Appendix%20C%20to%20Part%20212","text":"eCFR"}],[{"href":"https://uscode.house.gov/us/usc/119-124/t42/s407/","text":"U.S. Code\n+1"}],[{"href":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/38/5301","text":"GovInfo\n+1"}],[{"href":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/45/231m","text":"GovInfo\n+3"}],[{"href":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/5/8346","text":"GovInfo\n+3"}],[{"href":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-409/pdf/USREPORTS-409-413.pdf","text":"GovInfo\n+2"}],[{"href":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-370/pdf/USREPORTS-370-159.pdf","text":"GovInfo\n+3"}],[{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/montana/supreme-court/1990/880c834c-cf0a-48b3-acb0-c37b3979da4a.html","text":"Justia Law\n+4"}],[{"href":"https://cases.justia.com/montana/supreme-court/2014-da-14-0179.pdf?ts=1417564946","text":"Justia Law\n+4"}],[{"href":"https://courts.mt.gov/forms/judgement","text":"Montana Courts\n+1"}],[{"href":"https://courts.mt.gov/external/library/forms/civil/district/praecipe.pdf","text":"Montana Courts\n+2"}]],"rows":[["Source ID","Authority, issuer, full literal URL, exact pinpoint","Version/status, access, and read bounds"],["S_MT-P22-S001","MCA §25-13-101 and M. R. Civ. P. 62, Montana Legislature. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0010/section_0010/0250-0130-0010-0010.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0200/part_0070/section_0620/0250-0200-0070-0620.html","Fresh current MCA 2025/rule text, accessed October 26, 2026 Pacific/UTC. Narrow judgment-enforceability and 14-day stay provisions read completely. \nMontana Code Annotated\n+1"],["S_MT-P22-S002","MCA §§25-13-301, 401, and 402, Montana Legislature. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0030/section_0010/0250-0130-0030-0010.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0040/section_0010/0250-0130-0040-0010.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0040/section_0020/0250-0130-0040-0020.html","Fresh current MCA 2025 HTML. Complete material clauses on writ contents, county officers, bank service, levy effectiveness, snapshot assets, ten-business-day delivery, officer hold, repeated levy, and wage/state-payment distinctions. \nMontana Code Annotated\n+2"],["S_MT-P22-S003","MCA §§25-13-211 and 212, Montana Legislature. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0020/section_0110/0250-0130-0020-0110.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0020/section_0120/0250-0130-0020-0120.html","Fresh current MCA 2025 HTML. Complete notice, personal/mail trigger, ten-day claim, required documents/copies, late bar, and hearing clauses read. \nMontana Code Annotated\n+1"],["S_MT-P22-S004","MCA §25-13-503 and §27-18-602, Montana Legislature. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0050/section_0030/0250-0130-0050-0030.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0270/chapter_0180/part_0060/section_0020/0270-0180-0060-0020.html","Fresh current MCA 2025 HTML. Third-person notice, ownership affidavit, and creditor’s ten-day indemnity-bond route read completely. Deposit-account application not located in a current controlling case. \nMontana Code Annotated\n+1"],["S_MT-P22-S005","Justice/City Rule 23 and MCA §25-35-807, Montana Legislature. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0230/part_0010/section_0230/0250-0230-0010-0230.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0350/part_0080/section_0070/0250-0350-0080-0070.html","Fresh current rule/statute. Statewide limited-court execution, writ contents, 120-day writ, repeat service, return, new-writ restriction, and Small Claims cross-reference read. \nMontana Code Annotated\n+1"],["S_MT-P22-S006","MCA §§25-14-103 and 104, Montana Legislature. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0140/part_0010/section_0030/0250-0140-0010-0030.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0140/part_0010/section_0040/0250-0140-0010-0040.html","Fresh current MCA 2025 HTML. Supplemental examination and separate-action/adverse-interest branches read. \nMontana Code Annotated\n+1"],["S_MT-P22-S007","MCA §§25-13-603, 608, 609, and 610, Montana Legislature. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0060/section_0030/0250-0130-0060-0030.html; .../section_0080/...; .../section_0090/...; .../section_0100/...","Fresh current MCA 2025 HTML. HSA/MSA, unlimited-source exemptions, value-limited tangible-property exemptions, six-month proceeds, 45-day deposited-wage protection, and tracing methods read completely. \nMontana Code Annotated\n+3"],["S_MT-P22-S008","MCA §§39-51-3105, 39-71-743, and 53-2-607, Montana Legislature. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0390/chapter_0510/part_0310/section_0050/0390-0510-0310-0050.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0390/chapter_0710/part_0070/section_0430/0390-0710-0070-0430.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0530/chapter_0020/part_0060/section_0070/0530-0020-0060-0070.html","Fresh current MCA 2025 HTML. Unemployment nonmingling condition, workers’ compensation exceptions, and needy-person/public-assistance distinction read. \nMontana Code Annotated\n+2"],["S_MT-P22-S009","MCA §72-6-211, Montana Legislature. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0720/chapter_0060/part_0020/section_0110/0720-0060-0020-0110.html","Fresh current MCA 2025 HTML. Net-contribution ownership, married-party presumption, POD, and agent clauses read completely. \nMontana Code Annotated"],["S_MT-P22-S010","MCA §30-4A-502, Montana Legislature. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0300/chapter_004A/part_0050/section_0020/0300-004A-0050-0020.html","Fresh current MCA 2025 HTML. Narrow creditor-process, accepted payment-order, and bank-setoff boundary only; no full setoff dossier. \nMontana Code Annotated"],["S_MT-P22-S011","31 CFR Part 212, Treasury and federal banking agencies. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212 and direct §§212.2–212.11 URLs","Fresh eCFR, current through October 22, 2026; Title 31 last amended October 15, 2026. Scope, definitions, Notice of Right, review, protection, notice, greater rights, preemption, safe harbor, and two-year records read. \neCFR\n+9"],["S_MT-P22-S012","Appendix C to 31 CFR Part 212, https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/appendix-Appendix%20C%20to%20Part%20212","Fresh current eCFR. Lookback examples and protected-amount examples, including $5,000/$4,500 and $7,000 co-owner examples, read completely. \neCFR"],["S_MT-P22-S013","42 U.S.C. §407 and §1383(d)(1), U.S. House OLRC. https://uscode.house.gov/us/usc/119-124/t42/s407/; https://uscode.house.gov/us/usc/119-124/t42/s1383/","Fresh official current text through the displayed public-law compilation. Social Security antiassignment/legal-process clause and SSI incorporation read. \nU.S. Code\n+1"],["S_MT-P22-S014","38 U.S.C. §5301, GovInfo. https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/38/5301","Fresh official PDF. Relevant protection at printed page 1052, zero-based PDF index 0, visually inspected. Ordinary creditor protection and federal exceptions read; full support/federal-debt dossier excluded. \nGovInfo\n+1"],["S_MT-P22-S015","45 U.S.C. §231m and §352(e), GovInfo. https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/45/231m; https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/45/352","Fresh official PDFs. §231m at printed page 83/PDF index 0; §352(e) at printed page 109/PDF index 4; both visually inspected. Tax/divorce/federal exceptions preserved. \nGovInfo\n+3"],["S_MT-P22-S016","5 U.S.C. §§8346 and 8470, GovInfo. https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/5/8346; https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/5/8470","Fresh official PDFs. CSRS protection at printed page 1086/PDF index 0; FERS at printed page 1191/PDF index 0; visually inspected. \nGovInfo\n+3"],["S_MT-P22-S017","Philpott v. Essex County Welfare Board, 409 U.S. 413 (1973). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-409/pdf/USREPORTS-409-413.pdf","Fresh official U.S. Reports PDF. Materially printed pp.415–416/PDF indices 2–3, visually inspected. \nGovInfo\n+2"],["S_MT-P22-S018","Porter v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co., 370 U.S. 159 (1962). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-370/pdf/USREPORTS-370-159.pdf","Fresh official U.S. Reports PDF. Materially printed pp.159, 161–162/PDF indices 0, 2–3, visually inspected. \nGovInfo\n+3"],["S_MT-P22-S019","Dean v. Hoepfner, Montana Supreme Court (1990). https://law.justia.com/cases/montana/supreme-court/1990/880c834c-cf0a-48b3-acb0-c37b3979da4a.html; PDF https://cases.justia.com/montana/supreme-court/1990-11-26-880C834C-CF0A-48B3-ACB0-C37B3979DA4A.pdf?ts=1462387647","Fresh full public reproduction of actual opinion. Material pp.7–10/PDF indices 6–9 visually inspected. Secondary host disclosed; no paid citator. \nJustia Law\n+4"],["S_MT-P22-S020","Salminen v. Morrison & Frampton, PLLP, 2014 MT 323. https://cases.justia.com/montana/supreme-court/2014-da-14-0179.pdf?ts=1417564946","Fresh full public opinion PDF. Material pp.10–11 and 15–16/PDF indices 9–10 and 14–15 visually inspected. Pleading-stage reversal; no automatic damages holding. \nJustia Law\n+4"],["S_MT-P22-S021","Montana Judicial Branch judgment and civil forms pages. https://courts.mt.gov/forms/judgement; https://courts.mt.gov/forms/civilforms","Fresh official pages. Writ, execution, notice-of-seizure, and praecipe routes verified. Direct Word files failed machine-readable extraction; internal versions and full clauses not read. \nMontana Courts\n+1"],["S_MT-P22-S022","Generic District Praecipe, Montana Judicial Branch. https://courts.mt.gov/external/library/forms/civil/district/praecipe.pdf","Fresh official two-page PDF, version 09/10/10, printed pp.1–2/PDF indices 0–1 visually inspected. Generic summons-service form, not relied upon as a bank-levy form. \nMontana Courts\n+2"]]},{"headers":["Claim ID","Precise claim","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence"],"index":11,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Claim ID","Precise claim","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence"],["S_MT-P22-C001","Ordinary bank execution requires an enforceable judgment and court-issued writ.","S001–S002. Creditor/postjudgment. High."],["S_MT-P22-C002","Judgment entry, debt assignment, collection placement, or debt-relief enrollment does not itself freeze an account.","S001–S002. High structural conclusion."],["S_MT-P22-C003","Montana ordinarily bars execution for 14 days after District Court judgment entry absent modification or exception.","S001, Rule 62(a). High."],["S_MT-P22-C004","Writ must identify the judgment and monetary amount with statutory specificity.","S002, §25-13-301. High."],["S_MT-P22-C005","Writ may be directed to a sheriff or levying officer in any Montana county; simultaneous county writs are permitted.","S002, §25-13-401. High."],["S_MT-P22-C006","Bank service is personal on specified personnel or by written-consent mail.","S002, §25-13-402(1)(b). High."],["S_MT-P22-C007","Mail service is effective on actual receipt, no later than five business days after mailing.","S002. High."],["S_MT-P22-C008","Ordinary bank levy is based on assets held when levy becomes effective.","S002, §25-13-402(3). High."],["S_MT-P22-C009","Bank must deliver responsive assets/payments to the officer within ten business days.","S002. High."],["S_MT-P22-C010","Ordinary bank levy is not a continuing 120-day levy on later deposits.","S002, contrasting subsections (3) and (6)–(7). High."],["S_MT-P22-C011","Officer may repeat state levy under the active writ when first levy is insufficient.","S002, §25-13-402(5). High, subject to Part 212."],["S_MT-P22-C012","Officer holds nonperishable levied money ten days excluding weekends/holidays after debtor notification.","S002, §25-13-402(4). High."],["S_MT-P22-C013","Debtor notice is due within five days after execution upon property.","S003, §25-13-211. High."],["S_MT-P22-C014","Mailed state notice is complete when placed in the mail.","S003. High."],["S_MT-P22-C015","Debtor exemption request is due within ten days excluding weekends/holidays from statutory trigger.","S003, §25-13-212. High."],["S_MT-P22-C016","Request must identify property, explain exemption, include documents, and be copied same day to creditor/counsel and officer.","S003. High."],["S_MT-P22-C017","Court must hold exemption hearing within ten days excluding weekends/holidays after receipt.","S003. High."],["S_MT-P22-C018","Late state claim bars exemption in the seized property under §25-13-212.","S003. High; other federal remedies held."],["S_MT-P22-C019","Filing a state exemption request has no express indefinite automatic-hold effect beyond the reviewed statutory process.","S002–S003. Qualified negative."],["S_MT-P22-C020","A third person claiming levied personal property uses notice and ownership affidavit to sheriff.","S004. High textual conclusion."],["S_MT-P22-C021","Creditor has ten days after third-party notice to post indemnity bond or sheriff delivers property to claimant.","S004. High."],["S_MT-P22-C022","Exact deposit-account implementation of the third-person process was not located in a controlling current case or form.","S004. Unresolved procedural detail."],["S_MT-P22-C023","Montana provides no generic cash/bank-account wildcard in §25-13-609.","S007, §609. High textual conclusion."],["S_MT-P22-C024","Montana exempts specified benefits and retirement/medical assets under §25-13-608.","S007, §608. High, category-specific."],["S_MT-P22-C025","Qualifying HSA/MSA assets, income, deposits, and payouts are directly protected, subject to medical-expense recovery exception.","S007, §603. High."],["S_MT-P22-C026","Traceable exempt wages remain protected for 45 days after receipt.","S007, §610(2). High."],["S_MT-P22-C027","Montana permits FIFO, LIFO, or another reasonable debtor-selected tracing method.","S007, §610(3). High."],["S_MT-P22-C028","Six-month traceable-proceeds protection requires sale, loss, damage, destruction, and indemnification of exempt property.","S007, §610(1). High."],["S_MT-P22-C029","Montana unemployment benefits remain exempt after receipt only while not mingled.","S008, §39-51-3105. High."],["S_MT-P22-C030","Workers’ compensation is generally protected subject to enumerated support, lien, medical-recovery, overpayment, and restitution exceptions.","S008, §39-71-743. High."],["S_MT-P22-C031","Public assistance to a needy person is protected, while provider payments for goods/services are not protected by §53-2-607.","S008. High."],["S_MT-P22-C032","Joint-account beneficial ownership follows net contributions absent clear and convincing different intent.","S009, §72-6-211. High."],["S_MT-P22-C033","Married account parties are presumed to contribute equally absent proof otherwise.","S009. High."],["S_MT-P22-C034","POD beneficiary and account agent lack present beneficial ownership merely from designation.","S009. High."],["S_MT-P22-C035","Part 212 applies to all financial institutions and specified SSA/SSI, VA, RRB, and OPM direct deposits.","S011, §§212.2–212.3. High."],["S_MT-P22-C036","Automatic coverage requires the specified direct-deposit coding.","S011, §212.3. High."],["S_MT-P22-C037","Bank must check for Notice of Right before other action and within two business days.","S011, §212.4. High."],["S_MT-P22-C038","Notice-of-Right orders bypass §§212.5 and 212.6.","S011. High; special federal/support route."],["S_MT-P22-C039","Part 212 review is generally due within two business days after order and sufficient identification.","S011, §212.5(a). High."],["S_MT-P22-C040","Lookback is the two-month period ending the day before account review.","S011, §212.3. High."],["S_MT-P22-C041","Protected amount is lesser of covered deposits in lookback and review-time balance.","S011, §212.3. High."],["S_MT-P22-C042","Review ignores commingling, co-owners, multiple beneficiaries/programs, debt type, and contrary order language.","S011, §212.5(d). High."],["S_MT-P22-C043","Bank performs separate review for each account and does not trace transfers between accounts.","S011, §212.5(f). High."],["S_MT-P22-C044","Protected amount must remain immediately accessible without prior exemption claim and is conclusively exempt.","S011, §212.6(a), (c). High."],["S_MT-P22-C045","Excess above automatic amount follows state garnishment procedure and may still be further exempt.","S011, §§212.6(d), 212.8. High."],["S_MT-P22-C046","Federal bank notice is due within three business days only where protected amount exists and excess funds remain.","S011, §212.7. High."],["S_MT-P22-C047","Same covered order may not trigger repeat bank review or other action after initial Part 212 review.","S011, §212.6(f). High."],["S_MT-P22-C048","Part 212 creates no continuing freeze of later deposits; new/different order required.","S011, §212.6(g). High."],["S_MT-P22-C049","Inconsistent state law is preempted, while consistent greater state protection survives.","S011, §212.9. High."],["S_MT-P22-C050","Bank may not charge a protected amount and has only the conditional five-business-day nonbenefit-deposit route.","S011, §212.6(h). High; independent fee authority required."],["S_MT-P22-C051","Good-faith Part 212 compliance gives bank specified safe-harbor protections.","S011, §212.10. High."],["S_MT-P22-C052","Bank must retain sufficient Part 212 compliance records for at least two years; federal banking agencies enforce.","S011, §212.11. High."],["S_MT-P22-C053","Social Security and SSI are protected from ordinary legal process under federal law.","S013. High, subject to express federal exceptions."],["S_MT-P22-C054","Traceable deposited Social Security remains protected under Philpott.","S017. High, fact-specific."],["S_MT-P22-C055","VA benefits remain protected after deposit while readily available and retaining money characteristics.","S014, S018. High, fact-specific."],["S_MT-P22-C056","Railroad retirement and unemployment/sickness benefits have independent federal anti-garnishment statutes.","S015. High, with statutory exceptions."],["S_MT-P22-C057","CSRS and FERS payments are protected except as federal law otherwise provides.","S016. High."],["S_MT-P22-C058","Montana’s Dean decision recognizes reasonable tracing of commingled Social Security in a joint account.","S019. High, historical fact-specific holding."],["S_MT-P22-C059","Bank or third party denying debtor ownership can trigger supplemental proceedings or separate litigation.","S006. High."],["S_MT-P22-C060","Accepted payment orders and bank setoff can affect levy-time account credit, but are distinct from garnishment.","S010. High boundary; full setoff analysis excluded."],["S_MT-P22-C061","Wrongful levy, conversion, or abuse-of-process claims may exist when statutory procedures are violated, but relief is not automatic.","S020. High for pleading-stage possibility; merits held."],["S_MT-P22-C062","No specific Montana statutory bank-processing fee amount was found in the reviewed execution provisions.","S001–S010, S021. Qualified negative."],["S_MT-P22-C063","No current official statewide bank-answer/interrogatory form was identified on the Judicial Branch forms pages.","S021. Qualified negative."],["S_MT-P22-C064","Official Word execution forms were linked but not machine-readable; exact fields and revision dates remain unverified.","S021. High provenance limit."],["S_MT-P22-C065","No actual account, benefit coding, writ, service, ownership share, levy response, fee, or exemption record was established.","All sources. High provenance limit."]]},{"headers":["Assigned issue","Status","Claim IDs","Exact missing evidence or next action"],"index":12,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Assigned issue","Status","Claim IDs","Exact missing evidence or next action"],["Judgment/writ prerequisite","Answered","C001–C004","Actual judgment, stay, and writ"],["Automatic freeze from debt/judgment","Rejected","C001–C003","Lawful execution required"],["District Court bank route","Answered in core","C004–C12","Actual clerk/local process"],["Justice/City route","Answered","C001, S005","Actual writ and court"],["Small Claims enforcement","Answered","S005","Actual judgment"],["Municipal Court route","Partial","—","Current court-specific execution form/procedure"],["Bank personal service","Answered","C006–C008","Actual recipient and proof"],["Bank mail service","Answered conditionally","C006–C008","Written consent, address, mailing, receipt"],["Out-of-state bank processor","Answered textually","C006–C008","Bank direction and jurisdiction"],["Bank snapshot amount","Answered","C008–C10","Actual balance, pending items, setoff"],["Bank delivery deadline","Answered","C009","Actual effective levy date"],["Continuing bank levy","Rejected","C010","New/repeat levy requirements"],["State repeat levy","Answered conditionally","C011","Active writ and federal Part 212 limit"],["Officer hold","Answered","C012","Actual notice and court order"],["Debtor notice","Answered","C013–C14","Actual personal/mail record"],["Debtor claim deadline","Answered","C015","Exact trigger and holiday calendar"],["Claim content","Answered","C016","Actual source documents"],["Hearing timing","Answered","C017","Court receipt date"],["Late claim effect","Answered under state statute","C018","Federal relief after default not resolved"],["Automatic stay from claim","Unresolved/no indefinite statutory stay identified","C019","Court order or controlling case"],["Third-party ownership claim","Answered textually","C020–C22","Deposit-specific form and court practice"],["Creditor indemnity bond","Answered","C021","Actual notice/bond"],["Generic cash exemption","No exemption found","C023","Another source exemption or ownership needed"],["Social Security state exemption","Answered","C024, C053–C54","Tracing and federal exceptions"],["VA exemption","Answered","C024, C055","Tracing and federal exceptions"],["Disability/illness benefits","Answered textually","C024","Actual source and exceptions"],["Medical benefits","Answered textually","C024","Use or intended use"],["HSA/MSA","Answered","C025","Account qualification and medical-recovery exception"],["IRA/Roth/rollover","Partial","C024","Contribution timing and federal/other law"],["Montana public retirement","Partial","C024","Specific Title 19 plan law"],["Unemployment","Answered textually","C029","Commingling and exceptions"],["Workers’ compensation","Answered textually","C030","Enumerated exception facts"],["Public assistance","Answered textually","C031","Needy-person versus provider payment"],["Deposited wages","Answered","C026–C27","Payroll source, 45-day timing, tracing"],["Six-month converted-property proceeds","Answered narrowly","C028","Sale/loss/damage/destruction and indemnity"],["Joint-account ownership","Answered","C032–C34","Net-contribution records and intent"],["Married joint account","Answered presumptively","C033","Evidence rebutting equal presumption"],["POD/agent ownership","Answered","C034","Actual beneficial interest"],["Part 212 covered agencies","Answered","C035","Actual payment source"],["Coded direct deposit","Answered","C036","ACH record"],["Paper check","No automatic Part 212 protection","C036, C053–C55","Underlying traceable exemption"],["Notice-of-Right order","Answered as bypass","C037–C38","Actual order issuer and attachment"],["Account-review timing","Answered","C039","Order receipt and identifying information"],["Lookback period","Answered","C040","Review date"],["Automatic formula","Answered","C041","Covered deposits and review balance"],["Commingling/co-owner treatment","Answered federally","C042","State ownership remains separate"],["Multiple accounts","Answered","C043","Separate balances and deposits"],["Transfers between accounts","No automatic tracing","C043","Underlying source tracing"],["Immediate access","Answered","C044","Bank compliance facts"],["Excess over protected amount","Answered","C045","Additional state/federal exemption"],["Federal bank notice","Answered","C046","Actual excess and notice"],["Same order re-service","Answered","C047","Whether §212.6 initially applied"],["Later deposits","Answered","C048","New/different order"],["State/federal preemption","Answered structurally","C049","Actual conflict"],["Bank fee","Answered as restriction, not authorization","C050, C062","Account agreement or other law"],["Bank safe harbor","Answered","C051","Good faith and reasonable procedures"],["Bank records","Answered","C052","Actual records and regulator"],["Social Security/SSI underlying protection","Answered","C053–C54","Express federal exceptions"],["VA underlying protection","Answered","C055","Money versus permanent investment"],["RRB underlying protection","Answered in core","C056","Family-order/tax/federal exceptions"],["CSRS/FERS protection","Answered in core","C057","Federal-law exceptions"],["Representative payee/fiduciary","Partial","C035, C046","Account title, beneficiary, fiduciary law"],["Supplemental/adverse-interest action","Answered in framework","C059","Actual bank response and ownership"],["Bank setoff","Excluded except narrow UCC boundary","C060","Full account agreement/setoff analysis"],["Wrongful levy","Partial","C061","Elements, causation, defenses, safe harbor"],["Bank private Part 212 action","Unresolved","C051–C52","Controlling cause-of-action authority"],["Official forms","Answered with access limits","C063–C64","Word contents/revision dates/local forms"],["Wage garnishment","Excluded except deposited-wage tracing","C026–C27","PASS-21 unreviewed"],["Physical asset execution","Excluded","—","Separate pass"],["Homestead","Excluded","—","Separate exemption pass"],["Full retirement/ERISA","Excluded","—","Separate retirement pass"],["Support/tax/student/federal administrative orders","Excluded except Part 212 bypass boundary","C038","Specialized passes"],["Bankruptcy","Excluded","—","Automatic-stay/exemption pass"],["Credit reporting","Excluded","—","Reporting pass"],["Judgment lifecycle","Excluded beyond narrow writ/stay gateway","C001–C003","PASS-18 unreviewed"],["Standing/assignment/balance","Excluded","C065","Actual judgment-owner proof"],["Local/tribal/foreign law","Excluded","—","Jurisdiction-specific research"],["Actual consumer/account result","Unresolved","C065","Private records outside scope"]]}],"claims":[{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C001","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C001","Precise claim":"Ordinary bank execution requires an enforceable judgment and court-issued writ.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S001–S002. Creditor/postjudgment. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C002","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C002","Precise claim":"Judgment entry, debt assignment, collection placement, or debt-relief enrollment does not itself freeze an account.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S001–S002. High structural conclusion."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C003","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C003","Precise claim":"Montana ordinarily bars execution for 14 days after District Court judgment entry absent modification or exception.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S001, Rule 62(a). High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C004","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C004","Precise claim":"Writ must identify the judgment and monetary amount with statutory specificity.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S002, §25-13-301. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C005","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C005","Precise claim":"Writ may be directed to a sheriff or levying officer in any Montana county; simultaneous county writs are permitted.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S002, §25-13-401. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C006","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C006","Precise claim":"Bank service is personal on specified personnel or by written-consent mail.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S002, §25-13-402(1)(b). High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C007","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C007","Precise claim":"Mail service is effective on actual receipt, no later than five business days after mailing.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S002. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C008","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C008","Precise claim":"Ordinary bank levy is based on assets held when levy becomes effective.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S002, §25-13-402(3). High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C009","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C009","Precise claim":"Bank must deliver responsive assets/payments to the officer within ten business days.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S002. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C010","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C010","Precise claim":"Ordinary bank levy is not a continuing 120-day levy on later deposits.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S002, contrasting subsections (3) and (6)–(7). High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C011","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C011","Precise claim":"Officer may repeat state levy under the active writ when first levy is insufficient.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S002, §25-13-402(5). High, subject to Part 212."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C012","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C012","Precise claim":"Officer holds nonperishable levied money ten days excluding weekends/holidays after debtor notification.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S002, §25-13-402(4). High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C013","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C013","Precise claim":"Debtor notice is due within five days after execution upon property.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S003, §25-13-211. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain. Complete211noticeincludesdateofJUDGMENT,addtooperativecoverage.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C014","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C014","Precise claim":"Mailed state notice is complete when placed in the mail.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S003. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C015","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C015","Precise claim":"Debtor exemption request is due within ten days excluding weekends/holidays from statutory trigger.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S003, §25-13-212. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C016","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C016","Precise claim":"Request must identify property, explain exemption, include documents, and be copied same day to creditor/counsel and officer.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S003. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C017","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C017","Precise claim":"Court must hold exemption hearing within ten days excluding weekends/holidays after receipt.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S003. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C018","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C018","Precise claim":"Late state claim bars exemption in the seized property under §25-13-212.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S003. High; other federal remedies held."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C019","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C019","Precise claim":"Filing a state exemption request has no express indefinite automatic-hold effect beyond the reviewed statutory process.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S002–S003. Qualified negative."},"coordinator_verification_status":"bounded_negative_or_explicit_unresolved_hold_retained","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C020","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C020","Precise claim":"A third person claiming levied personal property uses notice and ownership affidavit to sheriff.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S004. High textual conclusion."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C021","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C021","Precise claim":"Creditor has ten days after third-party notice to post indemnity bond or sheriff delivers property to claimant.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S004. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C022","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C022","Precise claim":"Exact deposit-account implementation of the third-person process was not located in a controlling current case or form.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S004. Unresolved procedural detail."},"coordinator_verification_status":"bounded_negative_or_explicit_unresolved_hold_retained","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C023","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C023","Precise claim":"Montana provides no generic cash/bank-account wildcard in §25-13-609.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S007, §609. High textual conclusion."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C024","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C024","Precise claim":"Montana exempts specified benefits and retirement/medical assets under §25-13-608.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S007, §608. High, category-specific."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C025","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C025","Precise claim":"Qualifying HSA/MSA assets, income, deposits, and payouts are directly protected, subject to medical-expense recovery exception.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S007, §603. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"603_text_supported_608_1_l_contribution_timing_interaction_held","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain. Carry603versus608(1)(l)pre-suitcontributiontextapplicationholdintoExample14andcoverage.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C026","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C026","Precise claim":"Traceable exempt wages remain protected for 45 days after receipt.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S007, §610(2). High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C027","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C027","Precise claim":"Montana permits FIFO, LIFO, or another reasonable debtor-selected tracing method.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S007, §610(3). High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C028","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C028","Precise claim":"Six-month traceable-proceeds protection requires sale, loss, damage, destruction, and indemnification of exempt property.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S007, §610(1). High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"disjunctive_conversion_branches_precision_required","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain. Exact610(1)soldORlostdamageddestroyedANDindemnified,notallcumulativeormandatoryindemnityforeverysale.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C029","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C029","Precise claim":"Montana unemployment benefits remain exempt after receipt only while not mingled.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S008, §39-51-3105. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C030","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C030","Precise claim":"Workers’ compensation is generally protected subject to enumerated support, lien, medical-recovery, overpayment, and restitution exceptions.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S008, §39-71-743. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C031","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C031","Precise claim":"Public assistance to a needy person is protected, while provider payments for goods/services are not protected by §53-2-607.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S008. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C032","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C032","Precise claim":"Joint-account beneficial ownership follows net contributions absent clear and convincing different intent.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S009, §72-6-211. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain. Netcontributiondefinitionandclearconvincingintent;E6ratiosrounded3decimalplaces.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C033","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C033","Precise claim":"Married account parties are presumed to contribute equally absent proof otherwise.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S009. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C034","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C034","Precise claim":"POD beneficiary and account agent lack present beneficial ownership merely from designation.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S009. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C035","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C035","Precise claim":"Part 212 applies to all financial institutions and specified SSA/SSI, VA, RRB, and OPM direct deposits.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S011, §§212.2–212.3. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C036","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C036","Precise claim":"Automatic coverage requires the specified direct-deposit coding.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S011, §212.3. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C037","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C037","Precise claim":"Bank must check for Notice of Right before other action and within two business days.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S011, §212.4. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C038","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C038","Precise claim":"Notice-of-Right orders bypass §§212.5 and 212.6.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S011. High; special federal/support route."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C039","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C039","Precise claim":"Part 212 review is generally due within two business days after order and sufficient identification.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S011, §212.5(a). High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain. Exact212.5(a)batchpermission/212.7all3conditions/212.6benefit-foundlead-in/212.11two yearsfromreceipt retained;noactualpermissionorcalendar.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C040","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C040","Precise claim":"Lookback is the two-month period ending the day before account review.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S011, §212.3. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C041","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C041","Precise claim":"Protected amount is lesser of covered deposits in lookback and review-time balance.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S011, §212.3. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C042","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C042","Precise claim":"Review ignores commingling, co-owners, multiple beneficiaries/programs, debt type, and contrary order language.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S011, §212.5(d). High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C043","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C043","Precise claim":"Bank performs separate review for each account and does not trace transfers between accounts.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S011, §212.5(f). High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C044","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C044","Precise claim":"Protected amount must remain immediately accessible without prior exemption claim and is conclusively exempt.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S011, §212.6(a), (c). High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C045","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C045","Precise claim":"Excess above automatic amount follows state garnishment procedure and may still be further exempt.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S011, §§212.6(d), 212.8. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C046","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C046","Precise claim":"Federal bank notice is due within three business days only where protected amount exists and excess funds remain.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S011, §212.7. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain. Exact212.5(a)batchpermission/212.7all3conditions/212.6benefit-foundlead-in/212.11two yearsfromreceipt retained;noactualpermissionorcalendar.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C047","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C047","Precise claim":"Same covered order may not trigger repeat bank review or other action after initial Part 212 review.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S011, §212.6(f). High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain. Exact212.5(a)batchpermission/212.7all3conditions/212.6benefit-foundlead-in/212.11two yearsfromreceipt retained;noactualpermissionorcalendar.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C048","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C048","Precise claim":"Part 212 creates no continuing freeze of later deposits; new/different order required.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S011, §212.6(g). High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain. Exact212.5(a)batchpermission/212.7all3conditions/212.6benefit-foundlead-in/212.11two yearsfromreceipt retained;noactualpermissionorcalendar.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C049","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C049","Precise claim":"Inconsistent state law is preempted, while consistent greater state protection survives.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S011, §212.9. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C050","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C050","Precise claim":"Bank may not charge a protected amount and has only the conditional five-business-day nonbenefit-deposit route.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S011, §212.6(h). High; independent fee authority required."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain. Exact212.5(a)batchpermission/212.7all3conditions/212.6benefit-foundlead-in/212.11two yearsfromreceipt retained;noactualpermissionorcalendar.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C051","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C051","Precise claim":"Good-faith Part 212 compliance gives bank specified safe-harbor protections.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S011, §212.10. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C052","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C052","Precise claim":"Bank must retain sufficient Part 212 compliance records for at least two years; federal banking agencies enforce.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S011, §212.11. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain. Exact212.5(a)batchpermission/212.7all3conditions/212.6benefit-foundlead-in/212.11two yearsfromreceipt retained;noactualpermissionorcalendar.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C053","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C053","Precise claim":"Social Security and SSI are protected from ordinary legal process under federal law.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S013. High, subject to express federal exceptions."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain. ExactfederalheadersfromdatedNE20checks;freshGovinfobodydoesnotestablishnew2026editionmetadata.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C054","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C054","Precise claim":"Traceable deposited Social Security remains protected under Philpott.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S017. High, fact-specific."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C055","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C055","Precise claim":"VA benefits remain protected after deposit while readily available and retaining money characteristics.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S014, S018. High, fact-specific."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C056","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C056","Precise claim":"Railroad retirement and unemployment/sickness benefits have independent federal anti-garnishment statutes.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S015. High, with statutory exceptions."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain. ExactfederalheadersfromdatedNE20checks;freshGovinfobodydoesnotestablishnew2026editionmetadata.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C057","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C057","Precise claim":"CSRS and FERS payments are protected except as federal law otherwise provides.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S016. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain. ExactfederalheadersfromdatedNE20checks;freshGovinfobodydoesnotestablishnew2026editionmetadata.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C058","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C058","Precise claim":"Montana’s Dean decision recognizes reasonable tracing of commingled Social Security in a joint account.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S019. High, historical fact-specific holding."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain. ActualhistoricalDeanPDFindices6-9supported;printednumber/pixelnotcoordinatorreplicated,notcurrent610general6monthrule.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C059","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C059","Precise claim":"Bank or third party denying debtor ownership can trigger supplemental proceedings or separate litigation.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S006. High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C060","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C060","Precise claim":"Accepted payment orders and bank setoff can affect levy-time account credit, but are distinct from garnishment.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S010. High boundary; full setoff analysis excluded."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C061","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C061","Precise claim":"Wrongful levy, conversion, or abuse-of-process claims may exist when statutory procedures are violated, but relief is not automatic.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S020. High for pleading-stage possibility; merits held."},"coordinator_verification_status":"supported_with_original_predicates_and_recorded_application_holds","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain. ActualSalminentrialpleadingstageandpersonalpropertywarrantcontext;noautomaticbankdamages.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C062","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C062","Precise claim":"No specific Montana statutory bank-processing fee amount was found in the reviewed execution provisions.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S001–S010, S021. Qualified negative."},"coordinator_verification_status":"bounded_negative_or_explicit_unresolved_hold_retained","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C063","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C063","Precise claim":"No current official statewide bank-answer/interrogatory form was identified on the Judicial Branch forms pages.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S021. Qualified negative."},"coordinator_verification_status":"bounded_negative_or_explicit_unresolved_hold_retained","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C064","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C064","Precise claim":"Official Word execution forms were linked but not machine-readable; exact fields and revision dates remain unverified.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"S021. High provenance limit."},"coordinator_verification_status":"bounded_negative_or_explicit_unresolved_hold_retained","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"claim_id":"S_MT-P22-C065","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_MT-P22-C065","Precise claim":"No actual account, benefit coding, writ, service, ownership share, levy response, fee, or exemption record was established.","Source, actor/stage, predicates, consequence, confidence":"All sources. High provenance limit."},"coordinator_verification_status":"bounded_negative_or_explicit_unresolved_hold_retained","coordinator_limits":"Noactualaccount/writ/service/balance/coding/tracing/owner/order/fee/privatefacts established;sourcehistory/local/tribal/countrylimitsremain.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"}],"sources":[{"source_id":"S_MT-P22-S001","urls":["https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0010/section_0010/0250-0130-0010-0010.html","https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0200/part_0070/section_0620/0250-0200-0070-0620.html"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MT-P22-S001","Authority, issuer, full literal URL, exact pinpoint":"MCA §25-13-101 and M. R. Civ. P. 62, Montana Legislature. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0010/section_0010/0250-0130-0010-0010.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0200/part_0070/section_0620/0250-0200-0070-0620.html","Version/status, access, and read bounds":"Fresh current MCA 2025/rule text, accessed October 26, 2026 Pacific/UTC. Narrow judgment-enforceability and 14-day stay provisions read completely. \nMontana Code Annotated\n+1"},"coordinator_verification_status":"bounded_source_check_complete_with_recorded_corrections_and_holds","coordinator_access":"FreshRule62(a)-(h)completeoperativebody primary2;datedsame-dayMT21S006/primary6 actual101and27-2-201","coordinator_limits":"14dayexecutionbar withcourtmodification/exceptions supported. ActualRule62alsoautomaticproperty-restraint; narrowgatewayonly,noassetmovement/adviceorfulljudgmentacceptance.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"source_id":"S_MT-P22-S002","urls":["https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0030/section_0010/0250-0130-0030-0010.html","https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0040/section_0010/0250-0130-0040-0010.html","https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0040/section_0020/0250-0130-0040-0020.html"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MT-P22-S002","Authority, issuer, full literal URL, exact pinpoint":"MCA §§25-13-301, 401, and 402, Montana Legislature. https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0030/section_0010/0250-0130-0030-0010.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0040/section_0010/0250-0130-0040-0010.html; https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/MCA/title_0250/chapter_0130/part_0040/section_0020/0250-0130-0040-0020.html","Version/status, access, and read bounds":"Fresh current MCA 2025 HTML. Complete material clauses on writ contents, county officers, bank service, levy effectiveness, snapshot assets, ten-business-day delivery, officer hold, repeated levy, and wage/state-payment distinctions. \nMontana Code Annotated\n+2"},"coordinator_verification_status":"bounded_source_check_complete_with_recorded_corrections_and_holds","coordinator_access":"Fresh402(1)-(8)completeprimary2;datedsame-dayMT21S002/S003 actual301/401/404,primary2-3","coordinator_limits":"Personal/writtenconsentmail/outofstateprocessing/forwardingnotice/effectiveservice/snapshot10businessdays/hold/repeatlevy supported. 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Unemployment nonmingling condition, workers’ compensation exceptions, and needy-person/public-assistance distinction read. \nMontana Code Annotated\n+2"},"coordinator_verification_status":"bounded_source_check_complete_with_recorded_corrections_and_holds","coordinator_access":"Fresh39-51-3105/39-71-743/53-2-607completeoperativebodies,primary1","coordinator_limits":"Unemploymentpostreceiptnonmingling,voidwaiverandexpresscrossrefexceptions;compensationchildsupport/liens/medical/overpayment-restitution;needyversusprovidermoney supported. 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Net-contribution ownership, married-party presumption, POD, and agent clauses read completely. \nMontana Code Annotated"},"coordinator_verification_status":"bounded_source_check_complete_with_recorded_corrections_and_holds","coordinator_access":"Fresh72-6-211complete(1)-(4),primary1","coordinator_limits":"Netcontributionsdefinedlesspayments/chargesplusinterest;clearconvincingintent/marriedequalpresumption/PODnointervivospresentright/agentnobeneficialright supported. 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Narrow creditor-process, accepted payment-order, and bank-setoff boundary only; no full setoff dossier. \nMontana Code Annotated"},"coordinator_verification_status":"bounded_source_check_complete_with_recorded_corrections_and_holds","coordinator_access":"Fresh30-4A-502complete(1)-(4),primary1","coordinator_limits":"Acceptedpaymentorderdepletionandreasonableopportunity/beneficiarybanksetoffbranches supported. 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Noexplicitprivatecauseorfeeentitlementestablished;fullURLsneeded.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_full_urls":["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.2","https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.3","https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.4","https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.5","https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.6","https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.7","https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.8","https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.9","https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.10","https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/section-212.11"]},{"source_id":"S_MT-P22-S012","urls":["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/appendix-Appendix%20C%20to%20Part%20212"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MT-P22-S012","Authority, issuer, full literal URL, exact pinpoint":"Appendix C to 31 CFR Part 212, https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-212/appendix-Appendix%20C%20to%20Part%20212","Version/status, access, and read bounds":"Fresh current eCFR. Lookback examples and protected-amount examples, including $5,000/$4,500 and $7,000 co-owner examples, read completely. \neCFR"},"coordinator_verification_status":"bounded_source_check_complete_with_recorded_corrections_and_holds","coordinator_access":"FreshAppendixCcomplete4lookbackand5protectedamountexamples,primary5-7","coordinator_limits":"5000/4500/500and7000coownerexamplesmatch. Automaticformula/accountreviewbalance—notownershiporsourcestracingmaximum. Exactlookbackdefinitionretained;noactualcalendar.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"source_id":"S_MT-P22-S013","urls":["https://uscode.house.gov/us/usc/119-124/t42/s407/","https://uscode.house.gov/us/usc/119-124/t42/s1383/"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MT-P22-S013","Authority, issuer, full literal URL, exact pinpoint":"42 U.S.C. §407 and §1383(d)(1), U.S. House OLRC. https://uscode.house.gov/us/usc/119-124/t42/s407/; https://uscode.house.gov/us/usc/119-124/t42/s1383/","Version/status, access, and read bounds":"Fresh official current text through the displayed public-law compilation. Social Security antiassignment/legal-process clause and SSI incorporation read. \nU.S. Code\n+1"},"coordinator_verification_status":"bounded_source_check_complete_with_recorded_corrections_and_holds","coordinator_access":"Datedsame-daycompletedNE20S011primary6/10/12 exactOLRC407and1383header119-124October15/material407(a)-(c),1383(d)(1)","coordinator_limits":"Actualbodyandthose2exactheaderssupportedwithdatedreuse;notnewreadorallbenefitprogramreview. NoexactTitle15routeorVAheaderinference.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"source_id":"S_MT-P22-S014","urls":["https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/38/5301"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MT-P22-S014","Authority, issuer, full literal URL, exact pinpoint":"38 U.S.C. §5301, GovInfo. https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/38/5301","Version/status, access, and read bounds":"Fresh official PDF. Relevant protection at printed page 1052, zero-based PDF index 0, visually inspected. Ordinary creditor protection and federal exceptions read; full support/federal-debt dossier excluded. \nGovInfo\n+1"},"coordinator_verification_status":"bounded_source_check_complete_with_recorded_corrections_and_holds","coordinator_access":"FreshGovinfo5301(a)(1)-(3)printed1052/PDF0primary8;datedNE20S013complete(a)-(e)1052-1053/PDF0-1","coordinator_limits":"Beforeafterreceiptandexpressfederalexceptions supported. PurchasedpropertyliteralclauseAS-TO-TAXATION;creditorinvestmentanalysisPorter/Carrierseparate. NoexactOLRC119-124headerclaimedornewfailedretry;noPDFvisualQA.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"source_id":"S_MT-P22-S015","urls":["https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/45/231m","https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/45/352"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MT-P22-S015","Authority, issuer, full literal URL, exact pinpoint":"45 U.S.C. §231m and §352(e), GovInfo. https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/45/231m; https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/45/352","Version/status, access, and read bounds":"Fresh official PDFs. §231m at printed page 83/PDF index 0; §352(e) at printed page 109/PDF index 4; both visually inspected. Tax/divorce/federal exceptions preserved. \nGovInfo\n+3"},"coordinator_verification_status":"bounded_source_check_complete_with_recorded_corrections_and_holds","coordinator_access":"FreshGovinfo231m(a)/(b)material83/PDF0and352(e)109/PDF4primary8-9;datedNE20S015exact352119-120October7header","coordinator_limits":"Body/pinpointssupported;tax/familyorder/federalexceptionsretained. NoGovinfoeditionyearorcurrent2026compilationinferredfrompagetitle,fullprogram/crossrefsheld.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"source_id":"S_MT-P22-S016","urls":["https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/5/8346","https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/5/8470"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MT-P22-S016","Authority, issuer, full literal URL, exact pinpoint":"5 U.S.C. §§8346 and 8470, GovInfo. https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/5/8346; https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/5/8470","Version/status, access, and read bounds":"Fresh official PDFs. CSRS protection at printed page 1086/PDF index 0; FERS at printed page 1191/PDF index 0; visually inspected. \nGovInfo\n+3"},"coordinator_verification_status":"bounded_source_check_complete_with_recorded_corrections_and_holds","coordinator_access":"FreshGovinfo8346(a)/(b)1086/PDF0and8470(a)/(b)1191/PDF0primary8-9;datedNE20S016exactOLRC119-120October7headers","coordinator_limits":"MaterialCSRS/FERSexceptions/recoverybodyandreportedPDFpinpointssupported. NotTSPcoverage/fullretirementdossier;newGovinfoeditionmetadata notinvented.","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"source_id":"S_MT-P22-S017","urls":["https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-409/pdf/USREPORTS-409-413.pdf"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MT-P22-S017","Authority, issuer, full literal URL, exact pinpoint":"Philpott v. Essex County Welfare Board, 409 U.S. 413 (1973). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-409/pdf/USREPORTS-409-413.pdf","Version/status, access, and read bounds":"Fresh official U.S. Reports PDF. Materially printed pp.415–416/PDF indices 2–3, visually inspected. \nGovInfo\n+2"},"coordinator_verification_status":"bounded_source_check_complete_with_recorded_corrections_and_holds","coordinator_access":"FreshactualofficialPhilpottPDFmajority413-417/indices0-4,material415-417/PDF2-4primary6-9;datedNE20S012actualHTML","coordinator_limits":"RetroactiveSS/trustdeposit/qualityofmoney/stateagreementnoimpliedexception/actualreversal supported. 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case"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Third-party ownership claim","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Third-party ownership claim","Status":"Answered textually","Claim IDs":"C020–C22","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Deposit-specific form and court practice"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Creditor indemnity bond","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Creditor indemnity bond","Status":"Answered","Claim IDs":"C021","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Actual notice/bond"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Generic 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reference]"},{"topic":"HSA/MSA","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"HSA/MSA","Status":"Answered","Claim IDs":"C025","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Account qualification and medical-recovery exception"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"IRA/Roth/rollover","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"IRA/Roth/rollover","Status":"Partial","Claim IDs":"C024","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Contribution timing and federal/other law"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Montana public retirement","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Montana public retirement","Status":"Partial","Claim IDs":"C024","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Specific Title 19 plan law"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Unemployment","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Unemployment","Status":"Answered textually","Claim IDs":"C029","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Commingling and exceptions"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Workers’ compensation","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Workers’ compensation","Status":"Answered textually","Claim IDs":"C030","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Enumerated exception facts"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Public 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action":"Sale/loss/damage/destruction and indemnity"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Joint-account ownership","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Joint-account ownership","Status":"Answered","Claim IDs":"C032–C34","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Net-contribution records and intent"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Married joint account","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Married joint account","Status":"Answered presumptively","Claim IDs":"C033","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Evidence rebutting equal 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regulator"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Social Security/SSI underlying protection","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Social Security/SSI underlying protection","Status":"Answered","Claim IDs":"C053–C54","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Express federal exceptions"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"VA underlying protection","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"VA underlying protection","Status":"Answered","Claim IDs":"C055","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Money versus permanent investment"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence 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action":"Account title, beneficiary, fiduciary law"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Supplemental/adverse-interest action","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Supplemental/adverse-interest action","Status":"Answered in framework","Claim IDs":"C059","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Actual bank response and ownership"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Bank setoff","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Bank setoff","Status":"Excluded except narrow UCC boundary","Claim IDs":"C060","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Full account agreement/setoff analysis"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Wrongful levy","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Wrongful levy","Status":"Partial","Claim IDs":"C061","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Elements, causation, defenses, safe harbor"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Bank private Part 212 action","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Bank private Part 212 action","Status":"Unresolved","Claim IDs":"C051–C52","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Controlling cause-of-action authority"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Official forms","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Official forms","Status":"Answered with access limits","Claim IDs":"C063–C64","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Word contents/revision dates/local forms"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Wage garnishment","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Wage garnishment","Status":"Excluded except deposited-wage tracing","Claim IDs":"C026–C27","Exact missing evidence or next action":"PASS-21 unreviewed"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Physical asset execution","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Physical asset execution","Status":"Excluded","Claim IDs":"—","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Separate pass"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Homestead","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Homestead","Status":"Excluded","Claim IDs":"—","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Separate exemption pass"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Full retirement/ERISA","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Full retirement/ERISA","Status":"Excluded","Claim IDs":"—","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Separate retirement pass"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Support/tax/student/federal administrative orders","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Support/tax/student/federal administrative orders","Status":"Excluded except Part 212 bypass boundary","Claim IDs":"C038","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Specialized passes"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Bankruptcy","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Bankruptcy","Status":"Excluded","Claim IDs":"—","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Automatic-stay/exemption pass"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Credit reporting","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Credit reporting","Status":"Excluded","Claim IDs":"—","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Reporting pass"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Judgment lifecycle","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Judgment lifecycle","Status":"Excluded beyond narrow writ/stay gateway","Claim IDs":"C001–C003","Exact missing evidence or next action":"PASS-18 unreviewed"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Standing/assignment/balance","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Standing/assignment/balance","Status":"Excluded","Claim IDs":"C065","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Actual judgment-owner proof"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Local/tribal/foreign law","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Local/tribal/foreign law","Status":"Excluded","Claim IDs":"—","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Jurisdiction-specific research"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"Actual consumer/account result","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Actual consumer/account result","Status":"Unresolved","Claim IDs":"C065","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Private records outside scope"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_bounded_precision_and_source_corrections_required_original_holds_remain","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"}],"annotations":{},"corrections":[],"resolved_corrections":[],"review_history":[]}