{"meta":{"key":"s_mn--pass-15","task":"S_MN","title":"SMN Consumer contract and account-debt limitations, accrual, choice of law, and revival","parent_title":"Minnesota debt and debt relief law","edition":"pass-15","path":"/research/s_mn--pass-15/","kind":"split_pass","category":"state","role":"state","area_numbers":[66],"groups":["collections"],"date":"2026-10-27","tables":18,"claims":64,"sources":50,"review_status":"scoped_review_complete_accepted_with_limits","review_complete":true,"sha256":"a2386b08f5fb533bd0a085aba47c788983b1895ae66dd503357acad2ca7999bf","headings":["A1. The consumer rule is broader than a debt-buyer restriction","A2. Six years is not a universal classification rule for every transaction","A3. A missed installment is not automatically acceleration of every future installment","A4. Payment accounting and limitations are separate","A5. Commencement and filing are not interchangeable","B1. Limitation-period matrix","The Article 2 boundary","B2. Accrual and event matrix","Account stated: agreement is the issue","C1. The sequence","C2. Contractual choice is not unlimited","C3. Pre-2004 procedural treatment is historical, not universal current law","C4. Actual Delaware primary law read for the comparison","D1. Payment and promise matrix","What the older cases establish—and do not","D2. Assignment does not itself restart accrual","D3. Original creditor, assignee, and qualifying debt buyer","E1. Tolling and saving are specific—not a general fairness extension","The estoppel limitation is especially important","E2. Commencement and filing matrix","Counting","E3. Pleading and evidentiary burden","G1. Version/effect matrix","G2. Published majorities actually read","Common assumptions","M01 — One maturity, installments, and optional acceleration","Shared principal","Branch A: single maturity","Branch B: four installments, no acceleration","Branch C: valid optional acceleration stipulated","M02 — Minnesota forum, Delaware clause, and assignment","Facts and balance","Consumer branch","Conditional borrowed-period branch","M03 — Original creditor versus qualifying buyer; pre- and post-expiration events","Shared original facts","Branch A: authorized pre-expiration payment","Branch B: payment after expiration","Branch C: nondebtor payment before expiration","Branch D: refused tender","M04 — Commencement, 60-day relation, and narrow saving","Ordinary Rule 3 facts","Adverse alternatives","Narrow §541.18 saving branch","Access and search limits","Register reconciliation","Researcher self-check"],"generation_provenance":{"actual_route":"regular_chat_adaptive_models","actual_model":"GPT-6","actual_mode":"Pro","provenance_limit":"Actual documented capture labels only; missing labels remain unknown. No preferred setting is inferred as actual execution."},"public_id":"S_MN/pass-15","facets":{"geography":["us","us-mn"],"debt_type":["contracts"],"stage":["collection","judgment"],"subject":["agreements-disclosures","limitations-revival","judgments-duration"]},"scope":"ReviewedP01expressallremainingstate + currentunacceptedlimitationsdimension/authorizedparent narrowedordinaryconsumer unsecuredcontract/account limitations/accrual/choiceborrowing/acknowledgment-payment-assignment only; savedP07–P10/P13/P14UNREVIEWEDnotpremises. No generalcourt/judgmentrenewal/communicationsrerun.","pending_corrections":0},"markdown":"# S_MN PASS-15 — Consumer contract and account-debt limitations, accrual, choice of law, and revival\n\n**Research/access date:** October 27, 2026, America/Los_Angeles.\n**Baseline:** October 22, 2026; not represented as fresh verification.\n**Scope:** Ordinary unsecured consumer contract/account obligations, applicable limitation periods, accrual, conflicts rules, acknowledgment/payment/assignment effects, and necessary commencement and proof procedures.\n\n**Disposition:** The principal statutory framework is established. **Minnesota’s consumer anti-revival provision is not limited to debt buyers.** The applicable period and accrual date nevertheless cannot be selected from a collector’s label, a charge-off entry, or a credit-report date. Material holds remain for particular revolving-account terms, some UCC interactions, pre-expiration payment attribution, contractual waiver/choice provisions, and modern application of older estoppel decisions.\n\nEarlier reports and their actual provenance remain preserved. No prior fee, credential, communication, earnings, bank, contract, or case conclusion is adopted merely because it appears earlier in this conversation.\n\nThroughout, **S001** means **S_MN-P15-S001**. **C001–C064**, **V01–V90**, and **H01–H08** identify this pass’s claims, coverage rows, and remaining holds.\n\n# A. Controlling conclusions\n\n## A1. The consumer rule is broader than a debt-buyer restriction\n\nMinnesota Statutes **§541.053** establishes six years for an obligation arising from debt incurred primarily for personal, family, or household purposes, notwithstanding **§541.31, subdivision 1**.\n\nIt separately provides that, **after expiration**, the period is not revived by collection of a payment, a bankruptcy discharge, or an oral or written reaffirmation. The provision does not say “only when a debt buyer owns the account.” [C002, C021, C028; S003, S017.] [MN Revisor+1](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.053)\n\nThe adjacent 2013 enactment concerning **assigned consumer-debt default judgments** is a different section with a different effective/applicability clause. Its assigned-debt scope must not be imported into §541.053.\n\n## A2. Six years is not a universal classification rule for every transaction\n\nSection **541.01** preserves different UCC and special-statute periods. Section **541.05(1)(1)** covers express and implied contract obligations, subject to its exceptions. A qualifying sale-of-goods claim has the separate **§336.2-725** framework; a qualifying negotiable note has **§336.3-118**.\n\nA signed document does not necessarily make an obligation a negotiable note. A credit card used to purchase goods does not necessarily turn the card issuer’s repayment claim into the merchant’s Article 2 sales claim. [C003–C006.] [MN Revisor+3](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.01)\n\n## A3. A missed installment is not automatically acceleration of every future installment\n\n**Honn v. National Computer Systems, Inc.** rejects both of these shortcuts:\n\n- all installments became time-barred merely because the first installment was missed; and\n- a later balloon date preserved every older missed installment.\n\nThe holding applies separate accrual to installments where the optional acceleration right was not exercised. An actual automatic-acceleration clause or an unequivocally exercised option requires its own analysis. [C011–C012.] [CaseMine](https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/59149173add7b0493458871c/amp)\n\n## A4. Payment accounting and limitations are separate\n\nA credited $500 payment reduces a $6,000 balance to $5,500. That arithmetic does not establish:\n\n- authority for the payment;\n- acknowledgment of the whole debt;\n- the installment to which it applies;\n- a new limitation period; or\n- revival of an already expired consumer debt.\n\nPre-expiration acknowledgment/payment doctrine, payment allocation, and §541.053’s post-expiration prohibition must be kept separate. [C026–C030.] [Justia Law+2](https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1942/213-minn-505.html)\n\n## A5. Commencement and filing are not interchangeable\n\nUnder current Civil Rule 3.01, an ordinary district-court action can commence by actual service, the specified signed waiver, or qualifying delivery to the sheriff followed by actual service or permissible publication within 60 days.\n\nConciliation Court Rule 505 instead uses filing of the required statement and the specified fee or fee-affidavit condition. Rule 5.04 imposes a separate ordinary-civil filing requirement after commencement.\n\nThe **2020 amendment** broadened permitted delivery methods to the sheriff. The older **Cox** decision cannot be quoted as though current Rule 3 permits only hand delivery. [C043–C047.] [Minnesota Courts+2](https://mncourts.gov/_media/migration/appellate/supreme-court/recentrulesorders/oradm048001-062920.pdf)\n\n# B. Classification, accrual, and necessary facts\n\n## B1. Limitation-period matrix\n\n| Actual claim or obligation | Potential governing rule | Accrual/coverage requirement | What remains necessary |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **Ordinary consumer account or credit-card repayment obligation** | §541.053: six years | Primarily personal, family, or household debt; actual obligation and breach identified | Contract terms, payment schedule, minimum-payment obligations, acceleration language and exercise, transaction purpose |\n| **Ordinary written contract** | §541.05(1)(1), subject to §541.053, UCC and special statutes | Express contractual obligation; actionable breach | Writing alone does not select every rule |\n| **Ordinary oral contract** | Same general express/implied contract provision; §541.053 if consumer debt | Enforceable obligation and breach | No general Minnesota three-year oral-contract rule was established |\n| **One-sided open account** | General contract/consumer rule, as applicable | Actual debit, payment and maturity terms | Calling it “open” does not establish §541.10 |\n| **Mutual, open, current account** | §541.10 | **Reciprocal demands** between the parties; accrual from the last proved item on either side | Actual mutuality—not simply a creditor posting charges and debtor making payments |\n| **Account stated** | Applicable contract/consumer rule, subject to transaction classification | Actual assent to a balance, express or properly inferred from the circumstances | No universal silence-as-assent rule or automatic new clock |\n| **Qualifying sale of goods** | §336.2-725: ordinarily four years | Article 2 scope and breach; warranty rules have specified separate triggers | Original agreement may reduce to at least one year, not extend; consumer/UCC overlap requires actual classification |\n| **Qualifying negotiable note payable at a definite time** | §336.3-118(a): six years | Due date(s), or accelerated due date when legally accelerated | Instrument must actually satisfy Article 3 |\n| **Qualifying demand note** | §336.3-118(b) | Six years after demand; if no demand, the stated continuous ten-year nonpayment rule | Demand, payment and negotiability facts |\n| **Nonnegotiable demand obligation** | General contract/consumer law, not automatically §336.3-118(b) | Contractual demand and breach construction | A responsive non-UCC demand-accrual determination remains held |\n\nSources: S001–S004, S011–S013; cases S039–S043. [C002–C009, C013, C015.] [MN Revisor+2](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.10)\n\n### The Article 2 boundary\n\nCurrent §336.2-102 addresses goods and hybrid transactions and preserves other consumer-protection statutes. The 2024 UCC amendments and transition provisions therefore matter to an older or mixed goods/services agreement.\n\nIn **Trebelhorn v. Agrawal**, the commercial petroleum-sale claim remained subject to Article 2’s four-year period when restated as “account stated.” The court looked to the actual wrong, not the remedy label. It did **not** adjudicate every post-2013 consumer-credit/UCC interaction. [C004–C005, C009; H01.] [FindLaw Caselaw+1](https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/mn-court-of-appeals/1880382.html)\n\n## B2. Accrual and event matrix\n\n| Event | Legal significance | Unsupported shortcut |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **Single agreed maturity and nonpayment** | Ordinarily supplies the breach/maturity event for the payment obligation | Starting at contract signing regardless of when payment is due |\n| **Missed installment** | Separate cause generally arises when that installment becomes due | Starting every future installment at the first missed payment |\n| **Missed revolving minimum payment** | The actual contract determines the due obligation and available remedies | Treating every card balance as either one immediately due debt or perpetual monthly renewal |\n| **Optional acceleration** | Requires the actual contractual predicate and exercise | Assuming default, charge-off or assignment automatically exercised the option |\n| **Automatic acceleration clause** | Its terms, validity and actual triggering facts must be established | Applying optional-acceleration precedent without reading the clause |\n| **Final balloon** | Can create a later due component | Reviving older installments already barred |\n| **Demand** | Legally material where the governing instrument or contract makes it so | Assuming every collection letter restarts accrual |\n| **Charge-off** | Accounting/classification event; relevant to debt-buyer definition | Universal accrual or new-promise event |\n| **Assignment/sale** | Changes the person asserting the claim, subject to actual rights and defenses | New six-year period merely because ownership changes |\n| **Statement of balance** | Evidence of the claimed account; sometimes relevant to actual assent | Unilateral restatement automatically creates a new enforceable agreement |\n| **Payment** | May reduce balance and, under applicable pre-expiration doctrine, have additional effects | Every payment resets every installment or revives expired consumer debt |\n\nAuthorities: Honn; Windschitl; Meagher; §§541.01, .053, .17; §336.3-118. [C010–C015, C026–C030.] [CaseMine+2](https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/59149173add7b0493458871c/amp)\n\n### Account stated: agreement is the issue\n\n**Meagher v. Kavli** treats account stated as an agreement issue. Retention of a statement without objection can be evidence under appropriate circumstances, but the actual relationship, disputes, explanation and conduct matter. The court reversed for a new trial rather than treating the disputed account as conclusively accepted.\n\nA genuine new agreement and a creditor’s unilateral re-description of an existing obligation are different. For an already expired consumer debt, a purported new “account stated” cannot be assumed to avoid §541.053’s express prohibition on revival by oral or written reaffirmation. Whether a genuinely distinct supported transaction exists requires actual facts; no such transaction is approved here. [C008–C009, C028, C034.] [Justia Law+1](https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1958/37-113.html)\n\n# C. Choice of law, borrowing, and consumer qualifications\n\n## C1. The sequence\n\n| Step | Governing question | Consequence |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **1. Identify the incident and transition** | Does §541.34 apply—incident on or after August 1, 2004? | Do not use the old procedural-law rule without checking the statutory transition |\n| **2. Identify the claim’s substantive law** | Actual contract clause, transaction relationships and Minnesota conflicts law | A buyer cannot simply choose the shortest or longest period |\n| **3. Apply §541.31** | One other state’s substantive law, several states, or otherwise Minnesota | Identifies the ordinary borrowing architecture |\n| **4. Check §541.053** | Is this the specified consumer-debt action? | Its six-year rule expressly overrides §541.31(1) |\n| **5. If another period is actually borrowed** | Apply §541.32 | Bring that state’s relevant accrual and tolling law—not its conflicts rules |\n| **6. Check the resident-original-owner exception** | Minnesota resident plaintiff owned the claim since accrual, with the other stated facts | A later Minnesota assignee does not satisfy “since it accrued” merely by purchasing it |\n| **7. Check statutory unfairness** | Court finds the substantially different period denies fair opportunity or imposes unfair defense burden | §541.33 permits the stated Minnesota substitution |\n| **8. Check special/UCC and nonwaiver limits** | Actual transaction, original shortening clause, mandatory consumer law and instrument status | No whole-law or waiver conclusion from a choice clause alone |\n\nSections 541.30–.36 define “state” broadly enough to include a foreign country or political subdivision, but this pass does not conduct a foreign-country conflicts dossier. [C016–C021.] [MN Revisor+1](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2004/0/211/)\n\n## C2. Contractual choice is not unlimited\n\n**Combined Insurance Co. of America v. Bode** recognizes contractual choice subject to its good-faith/no-evasion qualifications. Its old place-of-contract discussion cannot be treated as the current default methodology: **Milbank Mutual Insurance Co. v. USF&G** expressly says Minnesota abandoned that lex loci approach in favor of choice-influencing considerations.\n\nMilbank was an insurance dispute and ultimately identified no outcome-determinative conflict requiring the proposed choice analysis. It does not adjudicate a modern consumer-card clause. [C022–C023.] [Justia Law+2](https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1956/36-816.html)\n\nFor UCC transactions, §336.1-301 supplies its reasonable-relation framework and identifies provisions with their own mandatory choice rules. Those enumerated cross-references are not all analyzed here.\n\n**Consumer qualifications preserved:**\n\n- Section 541.053 does not grant permission to waive its post-expiration protection.\n- Section 336.2-725 permits only its specified original-agreement shortening, not extension.\n- Sections 336.9-403 and .404 preserve other consumer law and specified required holder-notice consequences.\n- No actual contractual shortening, standstill, waiver, governing-law clause or assignee nondefense agreement is approved.\n\nThe enforceability of a particular clause remains **H03**, not a generic “chosen law always wins” conclusion.\n\n## C3. Pre-2004 procedural treatment is historical, not universal current law\n\n**Fleeger v. Wyeth**, 771 N.W.2d 524 (Minn. 2009), answered a certified question about a claim stipulated to arise in 2002. It applied Minnesota’s then-applicable common-law procedural treatment and expressly explained why the 2004 borrowing statute did not govern that incident.\n\nThe opinion is not authority to ignore §§541.30–.34 for modern claims or §541.053 for consumer debt. [C024.] [mn.gov // Minnesota's State Portal](https://mn.gov/web/prod/static/lawlib/live/archive/supct/0909/OPA082124-0903.pdf)\n\n## C4. Actual Delaware primary law read for the comparison\n\nDelaware Title 10, Chapter 81 supplies materially different categories:\n\n- §8106(a): three years for the specified ordinary debt/promise claims, subject to listed exceptions.\n- §8109: six years for a promissory note, bill of exchange, or the specified signed acknowledgment of a subsisting demand.\n- §8108: special mutual-running-account treatment.\n- §8106(c): a separate rule for qualifying written agreements involving at least $100,000.\n- §§8117–8118: absence and saving provisions.\n\nThus, “Delaware contract law” does not itself prove a three-year period. Its actual classification, accrual, tolling and exceptions still need evidence. Minnesota §541.32 does not import Delaware’s own conflicts rule merely because Delaware’s limitation period is selected. [C018, C025.] [DelCode+1](https://delcode.delaware.gov/title10/c081/index.html)\n\n# D. Acknowledgment, payment, assignment, and actor-specific restrictions\n\n## D1. Payment and promise matrix\n\n| Event | Governing rule | Consequence and limit |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **Pre-expiration signed acknowledgment/new promise** | §541.17 requires a writing signed by the party to be charged for the specified new/continuing-contract effect | Writing is necessary under that provision, not automatically sufficient; content, authority and actual obligation matter |\n| **Unsigned acknowledgment** | Does not satisfy that statutory signed-writing condition merely by existing | A separately valid payment or estoppel theory must not be assumed |\n| **Pre-expiration principal/interest payment** | §541.17 preserves payment doctrine; *Bernloehr* explains voluntary acknowledgment and debtor authorization/ratification | Actual payment and scope can matter; not a universal reset of all obligations |\n| **Current installment payment** | *Windschitl* preserves separate accrual of earlier installments | Paying the current installment does not automatically restart earlier missed installments |\n| **Payment after consumer period expired** | §541.053 | Does not revive that expired limitation period |\n| **Signed reaffirmation after consumer expiry** | §541.053 | The signed form does not defeat the express anti-revival sentence |\n| **Bankruptcy discharge** | §541.053 says it does not revive the consumer period | Bankruptcy discharge/injunction rights are separate; this is not permission to collect a discharged debt |\n| **Payment by another person** | *Bernloehr* requires debtor action, authority or ratification for the relied-on acknowledgment effect | A stranger’s payment, guarantor payment or internal collector posting is not automatically the debtor’s new promise |\n| **Unaccepted tender** | *Windschitl* discussed acknowledgment through tender under its historical facts | Tender is not an actually credited balance reduction; modern post-expiration consumer application remains subject to §541.053 |\n| **Validation dispute or settlement discussion** | Actual words, signature, authority and context must be evaluated | A denial, information request or unaccepted proposal is not automatically acknowledgment or payment |\n\n[C026–C030, C034; H04.] [MN Revisor+2](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.17)\n\n### What the older cases establish—and do not\n\n**Bernloehr v. Fredrickson** affirmed a jury finding that the defendant had authorized/procured the pre-expiration payments relied upon. It did not establish that every co-obligor’s payment binds every other obligor.\n\n**Windschitl v. Windschitl** rejected using timely installment tenders to restart earlier installments. It involved a land contract and a 1982 agreement, before §541.053. Its allocation reasoning is used here; no secured-remedy conclusion or modern consumer revival permission is imported.\n\nA responsive post-2013 published decision resolving every interaction between §541.053 and these pre-expiration doctrines was not located and opened. The conditional pre-expiration model below therefore states its acknowledgment premise explicitly.\n\n## D2. Assignment does not itself restart accrual\n\nWhere Article 9 applies, §336.9-404 makes an assignee’s rights subject to the specified contract terms, transaction defenses/recoupment and other qualifying defenses. Section 336.9-403 contains conditions and exceptions for nondefense agreements; consumer-law preservation remains important.\n\nBut Article 9’s scope has actual exclusions—including certain collection-only assignments and business-sale transfers. It is not used here as a universal answer for every assignment. Negotiable-instrument holder-in-due-course questions are also not adjudicated. [C031; H05.] [MN Revisor+2](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-109)\n\nThe safe conclusions within this pass are narrower:\n\n- an assignment date is not itself the original debtor’s new breach or promise;\n- a collector’s purchase price is not a payment credited to the debtor;\n- a purchaser must identify the obligation and its existing chronology;\n- the applicable defense-preservation rules require the actual transaction and instrument classification.\n\n## D3. Original creditor, assignee, and qualifying debt buyer\n\n| Actor | Limitation/anti-revival consequence | Separate activity restriction |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Genuine original creditor | §541.053’s consumer period and anti-revival text can apply | Federal Regulation F coverage is not assumed merely because a debt is owed |\n| Ordinary assignee | Same underlying chronology must be examined; assignment alone does not reset it | Actual state/federal actor status still matters |\n| Business purchasing charged-off debt for collection | Fits §332.31(8) when the stated facts exist, including outsourced collection/litigation | §332.37(a)(24) prohibits covered actors from commencing collection action outside §541.053 |\n| Federal FDCPA debt collector | Applicable state period must first be determined | §1006.26(b) prohibits bringing or threatening legal action on a time-barred debt |\n| Person outside a particular collector definition | Not automatically exempt from the underlying limitation statute | Do not infer that every other consumer-protection rule disappears |\n\nThe state debt-buyer definition and explicit buyer inclusion relevant here became effective **August 1, 2021**. The original 2019 prohibition and its renumbering were read; a complete original 2019 effective-date chain was not certified. [C033, C053–C054.] [MN Revisor+1](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2021/1/4/)\n\n# E. Tolling, saving, commencement, and proof\n\n## E1. Tolling and saving are specific—not a general fairness extension\n\n| Provision/doctrine | Necessary predicate | Scope and caution |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **§541.13 absence** | Actual statutory out-of-state/process or diligent-search condition | Moving out of Minnesota alone does not establish suspension |\n| **§541.15 disability** | Specified **plaintiff** disability or injunction/statutory prohibition | Debtor disability does not automatically suspend a creditor’s claim; statutory duration limits and overlapping disabilities matter |\n| **§541.16 death** | Specified death in the last year, or qualifying surviving claim against a decedent not required to be presented to the estate | Probate claim-presentation law remains separate |\n| **§541.05(1)(6) fraud** | An actual fraud claim and its discovery rule | Not a universal discovery rule for an unpaid contract |\n| **Fraudulent concealment** | Concealment and inability to discover with reasonable diligence; claimant must support the asserted tolling | Mere ignorance or failure to investigate is not enough under *Wild* |\n| **Equitable estoppel** | Actual inducing conduct, reliance and prejudice; *Albachten* involved pre-expiration assurances | Modern consumer anti-revival interaction remains held; no back-door post-expiration revival approved |\n| **§541.18 saving** | Timely action, plaintiff recovered judgment, later arrest/reversal in the specified proceeding | Not a generic one-year extension after any dismissal without prejudice |\n| **§336.2-725(3)** | Timely sales action terminated leaving another remedy; six-month conditions and exclusions | Voluntary discontinuance and failure/neglect to prosecute are expressly excluded |\n| **2021 emergency amendment** | Deadline unexpired March 13, 2020 and otherwise expiring in the specified March 13, 2020–April 15, 2021 window | Not an automatic extra year added to every debt’s later deadline |\n\n[C035–C042.] [MN Revisor+3](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.13)\n\n### The estoppel limitation is especially important\n\n**Albachten v. Bradley** affirmed an order granting a new trial because the plaintiff’s evidence, if believed, could establish estoppel arising from pre-expiration assurances inducing delay. It was not a final factual determination that every oral promise tolls a debt.\n\nThe majority predates §541.053 by decades. This pass does not use it to override the current prohibition on revival of an expired consumer debt. [C039; H04.] [CaseMine+1](https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5914cba2add7b04934803fb0)\n\n## E2. Commencement and filing matrix\n\n| Route/event | Actual rule | Consequence |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Ordinary district civil action—service | Rule 3.01(a) | Commenced against that defendant when summons is served |\n| Signed waiver | Rule 3.01(b), Rule 4.05 | Signing/filing consequences depend on the actual compliant waiver; merely mailing a request is not service |\n| Delivery to sheriff | Rule 3.01(c) | Delivery by an authorized method to the proper county sheriff, followed within 60 days by actual service or legally available first publication |\n| Email/electronic delivery to sheriff | Current rule requires sheriff consent in writing or electronically | An unsolicited electronic transmission is not assumed sufficient |\n| Fax | The 2020 comment says the amendment intentionally did not authorize fax; comments are not themselves court-approved law | *Cox* remains historical context, not a reason to ignore current authorized methods |\n| Ordinary filing after commencement | Rule 5.04 | Generally within one year, subject to its signed-stipulation and stated exceptions |\n| Rejected filing | Rule 5.04(c)–(d) | Limited identified grounds and motion-based relief—not every rejected submission relates back |\n| Conciliation court | General Rule 505 | Filing the required statement in a court with jurisdiction plus fee or prescribed fee-affidavit condition |\n| Amended claim/new party | Not analyzed here | No automatic relation back under an unread Rule 15 mechanism |\n\nThe 2020 final order makes the Rule 3.01 amendment effective **September 1, 2020**, for cases filed on or after that date. Its Rule 5.04 amendments have a separate **January 1, 2021** clause. The 2026 conciliation amendments became effective **July 1, 2026**. [C043–C047.] [Minnesota Courts+1](https://mncourts.gov/_media/migration/appellate/supreme-court/recentrulesorders/oradm048001-062920.pdf)\n\n### Counting\n\nRule 6.01 and §645.15 govern the necessary counting framework, subject to more specific law. The models exclude the triggering day for the 60-day sheriff interval and include intervening weekends/holidays; endpoint adjustment is checked separately.\n\nNo extra mailing days are added to a period simply because some document happened to travel by mail. The relevant trigger and rule must authorize that addition. No actual filing deadline is calculated for a real party. [C048.]\n\n## E3. Pleading and evidentiary burden\n\n| Stage | Established requirement | Limit |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Defendant’s response | Rule 8.03 expressly identifies limitations as an affirmative defense to be set forth | Default/vacatur consequences and waiver exceptions are outside this pass |\n| Pleading motion | Rule 12 governs failure-to-state-claim/judgment-on-pleadings treatment | Disputed outside facts cannot silently be treated as established |\n| Outside material considered | Rule 12’s conversion rule requires the stated Rule 56 treatment and opportunity | An affidavit is not automatically a pleading fact |\n| Summary judgment | Rule 56 requires no genuine material factual dispute and entitlement as a matter of law, supported by the specified record materials | Creditor label, spreadsheet date or bare assertion does not satisfy the record burden |\n| Claimant invokes concealment/tolling | *Wild* requires supporting facts and reasonable diligence for the asserted concealment theory | No universal burden shift for every conceivable tolling doctrine is certified |\n| Party invokes acknowledgment/payment | Actual authorship, authority, timing, content and allocation require proof | *Bernloehr* was a jury-supported authority finding, not automatic attribution |\n| Party invokes account stated | Actual agreement/assent must be established under *Meagher* | Silence is not conclusive in every relationship |\n\n[C049–C052.] [MN Revisor+3](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/8/)\n\nThe general pleading and summary-judgment requirements are established. A universal allocation of the ultimate burden of persuasion for every modern consumer-account accrual dispute was not resolved by a responsive opened opinion; that narrower issue remains **H07**.\n\n# F. Necessary federal time-barred-debt rule\n\nSection **1006.26(b)** prohibits a covered FDCPA debt collector from bringing or threatening legal action against a consumer to collect a time-barred debt. It excludes the specified filing of a bankruptcy proof of claim from that paragraph.\n\nThe final rule rejected the proposed “knows or should know” formulation and adopted the stated strict-liability standard. That does not eliminate the need to establish the actual debt-collector, consumer-debt, limitation, accrual and exception predicates, or adjudicate available defenses. [C053–C054.] [Consumer Financial Protection Bureau+1](https://www.consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/regulations/1006/26/)\n\nThe final rule became effective **November 30, 2021**. The proposed January 29, 2022 delay was withdrawn; it is not the operative effective date. The retrieved eCFR page was current through **October 23, 2026**. [C056.] [Federal Register+1](https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/01/19/2020-28422/debt-collection-practices-regulation-f)\n\nThis provision does not itself:\n\n- establish Minnesota’s limitation period;\n- declare every old debt extinguished;\n- establish a universal ban on every nonlitigation contact;\n- determine credit-reporting duration; or\n- extend judgment enforceability.\n\nThose questions remain distinct. This is not a broader communications or credit-reporting report. [C055.]\n\n# G. Currentness and published-case register\n\n## G1. Version/effect matrix\n\n| Material | Actual status established | Limit |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Minnesota statutory pages | Retrieved displays labeled 2025 | Not a fully consolidated October 2026 certificate |\n| §541.053 enactment | 2013 chapter 104 §2, effective August 1, 2013 | Earlier-debt/retroactivity disputes not comprehensively adjudicated |\n| Assigned-consumer default provision | Adjacent §3, effective September 1, 2013 with its own application clause | Not the scope of §541.053 |\n| Uniform conflicts act | 2004 chapter 211; incidents on/after August 1, 2004 | Earlier incidents require separate law |\n| 2024 UCC amendments | Selected scope, instrument, assignment and transition provisions read | No full all-transaction transition analysis |\n| 2021 buyer changes | Selected definitions/conduct provisions effective August 1, 2021 | No credentials determination |\n| Emergency deadline legislation | 2021 chapter 3, effective February 13, 2021 with the specified historical deadline window | Not a general pause added to every 2026 anniversary |\n| Current rules | Rule 3, 4.05, 5.04, 6, 8, 12, 56 and Conciliation Rule 505 read | Full history of every rule not reconstructed |\n| 2020 final rule order | Separate September 1, 2020 and January 1, 2021 provisions | Advisory comments expressly not court-approved |\n| 2026 conciliation order | Effective July 1, 2026 | Broader conciliation procedure not rerun |\n| 2026 Table 2 | Relevant regular-session ranges inspected; no targeted Chapter 541 amendment listed there | No all-later/special-session certificate |\n| Delaware code | Current official displayed Chapter 81 body read | No displayed through-date or complete Delaware judicial construction certified |\n| Regulation F | Current text through October 23, 2026; operative effective date November 30, 2021 | Broader federal collection regimes deferred |\n\n[C001, C056.] [MN Revisor+2](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2013/0/104/)\n\n## G2. Published majorities actually read\n\n| Case | Court/date; posture and disposition | Holding used and limits |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **Honn v. National Computer Systems, Inc., 311 N.W.2d 1, 2–3** | Minnesota Supreme Court, Oct. 16, 1981; affirmed in part, reversed in part and remanded | Separate installment accrual; unexercised optional acceleration is not self-executing; balloon does not save older installments. |\n| **Bernloehr v. Fredrickson, 213 Minn. 505, 507–09, 7 N.W.2d 328** | Minnesota Supreme Court, Dec. 24, 1942; affirmed jury-supported judgment | Pre-expiration payment must be debtor-authorized or ratified for the relied-on effect. Historical note law; not post-2013 consumer revival. |\n| **Windschitl v. Windschitl, 579 N.W.2d 499, analysis and disposition** | Minnesota Court of Appeals, June 16, 1998; affirmed in part and reversed in part | Current installment tenders do not restart earlier installments. Land-contract setting and historical law preserved. |\n| **Meagher v. Kavli, 251 Minn. 477, 487–93, 88 N.W.2d 871** | Minnesota Supreme Court, March 7, 1958; reversed for new trial | Actual account-stated agreement and circumstances matter; disputed assent not conclusively established. |\n| **Trebelhorn v. Agrawal, 905 N.W.2d 237, section II.B and decision** | Minnesota Court of Appeals, Nov. 20, 2017; affirmed summary dismissal | Commercial goods claim cannot obtain a longer period merely by account-stated relabeling. Underlying account-stated merits issue not reached where unpreserved. |\n| **Fleeger v. Wyeth, 771 N.W.2d 524, official slip pp. 7–10** | Minnesota Supreme Court, Sept. 3, 2009; certified question answered | Pre-2004 incident governed by former procedural approach; later borrowing act expressly distinguished. |\n| **Combined Insurance Co. of America v. Bode, 247 Minn. 458, 463–66, 77 N.W.2d 533** | Minnesota Supreme Court, June 8, 1956; affirmed relevant construction | Contract choice recognized with qualifications; not modern lex loci default or consumer-clause approval. |\n| **Milbank Mutual Insurance Co. v. USF&G, 332 N.W.2d 160, 163–64 & n.4** | Minnesota Supreme Court, April 1, 1983; affirmed on different analysis | Rejects old place-of-contract default; insurance setting and ultimately non-outcome-determinative conflict. |\n| **Wild v. Rarig, 302 Minn. 419, 234 N.W.2d 775, 794–95** | Minnesota Supreme Court, Jan. 10, 1975; rehearing July 31; reversed/new-trial directions | Concealment, diligence and burden discussion. Tort context; not a universal contract discovery rule. |\n| **Albachten v. Bradley, 212 Minn. 359, 3 N.W.2d 783, majority through “Affirmed”** | Minnesota Supreme Court, May 8, 1942; affirmed grant of new trial | Evidence could establish pre-expiration inducement estoppel. Dissent excluded; modern §541.053 interaction held. |\n| **Cox v. Mid-Minnesota Mutual Insurance Co., 909 N.W.2d 540, official-format slip pp. 8–14** | Minnesota Supreme Court, Jan. 24, 2018; affirmed in part, reversed in part, remanded | Fax did not meet old Rule 3.01(c), but actual service could commence under another branch. Current 2020 text is different. |\n\nThe official **Fleeger** PDF and published **Cox** opinion PDF were read and relevant pages visually inspected. Other opinions were read through disclosed primary-opinion republications. No headnote, dissent, quoted unopened opinion, unpublished decision, or full citator result is substituted for these holdings. [C061.]\n\n# H. Twenty fictional postures\n\n| Posture | Fictional known facts | Consequence and missing facts |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **P01 — Written household loan** | Definite maturity, personal purpose | Six-year consumer analysis; verify breach and special-statute classification. |\n| **P02 — Oral household loan** | Same purpose and agreed due date, no writing | No shorter period merely because oral; enforceability and terms still require proof. |\n| **P03 — Open card account** | Monthly statements and minimum payments | “Open account” alone does not establish reciprocal demands or a single last-item accrual. |\n| **P04 — Disputed statement** | Debtor promptly contests the balance | No automatic account stated from silence or retention. |\n| **P05 — Goods seller** | Claim is for a qualifying sale, not a separate card loan | Article 2 period and breach rules require analysis; relabeling as account stated is insufficient. |\n| **P06 — Installments** | Several payments due on different dates; no acceleration | Separate component clocks. |\n| **P07 — Optional acceleration** | Clause exists but no exercise is proved | Default alone does not establish acceleration of all future amounts. |\n| **P08 — Actual acceleration** | Contract conditions and unequivocal exercise stipulated | Accelerated future components require their own due-date analysis; earlier components are not automatically refreshed. |\n| **P09 — Demand note** | Negotiability and demand status genuinely established | Apply §336.3-118(b), not a generic last-payment slogan. |\n| **P10 — Charge-off/sale** | Account charged off and later sold | Neither event alone restarts accrual; purchase price is not debtor payment. |\n| **P11 — Delaware clause** | Clause exists, but consumer purpose also established | §541.053’s override must be considered before importing Delaware’s ordinary period. |\n| **P12 — New Minnesota assignee** | Buyer moves/organizes in Minnesota after accrual | Does not automatically satisfy §541.31(2)’s ownership-since-accrual condition. |\n| **P13 — Pre-expiration authorized payment** | Debtor voluntarily pays identified principal | Possible acknowledgment effect, with scope/allocation proof; no automatic effect on every installment. |\n| **P14 — Post-expiration payment** | Consumer period already expired; $500 credited | Balance reduces; expired period is not revived under §541.053. |\n| **P15 — Signed post-expiration reaffirmation** | Debtor signs a statement admitting same old debt | Statutory anti-revival remains; no permission inferred from signature. |\n| **P16 — Stranger or co-obligor payment** | Another person pays without established authority | Credit and acknowledgment effects are separate; authority/ratification cannot be presumed. |\n| **P17 — Settlement discussion** | Consumer requests documents and mentions possible compromise | Not automatically a signed new promise or credited payment. |\n| **P18 — Out-of-state defendant** | Debtor moved but remains subject to service | Absence alone does not satisfy §541.13. |\n| **P19 — Wrong commencement event** | Complaint filed before anniversary, but no timely service, waiver or sheriff relation | Filing alone does not establish ordinary Rule 3 commencement; conciliation is different. |\n| **P20 — Dismissal versus reversed plaintiff judgment** | One case voluntarily dismissed; another produced plaintiff judgment later reversed | §541.18 does not treat the two alike; UCC saving is separate. |\n\n[C062.] These are hypothetical applications, not actual actor, contract, balance, deadline or permission determinations.\n\n# I. Four worked models\n\n## Common assumptions\n\nAll transactions are fictional ordinary consumer unsecured obligations governed by the stipulated branch. No interest, new fees or charges are added. No payment is credited twice. No collector purchase price is credited to the debtor.\n\nUnless expressly varied, no tolling, stay, emergency extension, valid new promise, payment reset, special statute, or defective commencement changes the stated chronology. The 2021 emergency deadline provision does not affect these modeled ordinary expirations, which fall outside its specified window.\n\n“Anniversary” below means the modeled endpoint under the stated accrual and counting assumptions—not advice for a real filing. The selected endpoints are weekdays, and no identified endpoint holiday requires adjustment.\n\n## M01 — One maturity, installments, and optional acceleration\n\n### Shared principal\n\nPlain text\n```\nOpening principal:             $4,800\nStipulated lawful additions:        $0\nActually credited payments:         $0\nClaimed unpaid balance:        $4,800\n```\n\n### Branch A: single maturity\n\nThe entire $4,800 is due and breached **December 16, 2020**.\n\nPlain text\n```\nSix-year anniversary: December 16, 2026.\nAction properly commenced: August 10, 2026.\n```\n\nOn these assumptions, elapsed time alone does not bar the $4,800 claim. It does not establish the debt’s validity or other elements.\n\n### Branch B: four installments, no acceleration\n\n| Component | Due/breach date | Amount | Six-year anniversary | Status at Aug. 10, 2026 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 | March 16, 2020 | $1,200 | March 16, 2026 | Outside modeled period |\n| 2 | June 16, 2020 | $1,200 | June 16, 2026 | Outside modeled period |\n| 3 | September 16, 2020 | $1,200 | September 16, 2026 | Within modeled period |\n| 4 | December 16, 2020 | $1,200 | December 16, 2026 | Within modeled period |\n\nPlain text\n```\nEarlier components: $1,200 + $1,200 = $2,400.\nLater components:   $1,200 + $1,200 = $2,400.\nTotal unpaid balance:                 $4,800.\n```\n\nThe limitations defense affects the modeled suit components. It does not count as $2,400 of debt payment.\n\n### Branch C: valid optional acceleration stipulated\n\nAssume the actual agreement permits acceleration, all notice/cure conditions are met, and the creditor unequivocally accelerates the **future $2,400** on **July 15, 2020**.\n\nPlain text\n```\nFuture accelerated components' modeled anniversary:\nJuly 15, 2026.\n\nEarlier components retain their March/June chronology;\nthey are not refreshed merely by the later acceleration.\n\nAt August 10, 2026:\nall $4,800 is outside the modeled periods.\nCash balance remains $4,800 unpaid.\n```\n\nThis branch assumes legally effective acceleration. A charge-off entry or ordinary demand letter is not automatically that event.\n\n**Authority:** Honn’s installment/unexercised-option holding; governing contract facts; §§541.01, .053. The effective-acceleration branch is a stated conditional application, not a holding that a particular real letter accelerates a debt. [C057.]\n\n## M02 — Minnesota forum, Delaware clause, and assignment\n\n### Facts and balance\n\n- Household-purpose obligation initially $9,000.\n- $1,000 actually paid and credited before maturity.\n- Single remaining maturity/breach: **March 3, 2022**.\n- Agreement contains a Delaware governing-law clause.\n- Original creditor is not stipulated to be a Minnesota resident.\n- A Minnesota buyer acquires the claim in October 2024 for **$1,200**.\n- Proposed action is properly commenced in a Minnesota forum **October 5, 2026**; jurisdiction and venue are assumed solely to isolate limitations.\n\nPlain text\n```\n$9,000 + $0 − $1,000 = $8,000 claimed balance.\nPurchase price $1,200 is not a debtor payment.\nClaimed balance remains $8,000.\n```\n\n### Consumer branch\n\nAssume §541.053 governs the obligation:\n\nPlain text\n```\nSix-year anniversary: March 3, 2028.\nOctober 5, 2026 precedes that anniversary.\n```\n\nThe clause does not by itself import §8106(a)’s three-year period through §541.31(1), because §541.053 expressly overrides that subdivision for the specified consumer action.\n\nThis is not a universal ruling that every contractual limitation or other Delaware substantive rule is irrelevant.\n\n### Conditional borrowed-period branch\n\nFor comparison only, assume the consumer override does not apply, Minnesota conflicts law selects the Delaware period, and the claim actually fits §8106(a)—not a note, signed acknowledgment, qualifying $100,000 agreement, mutual-running account, or special statute.\n\nPlain text\n```\nStipulated Delaware accrual: March 3, 2022.\nThree-year anniversary: March 3, 2025.\nOctober 5, 2026 is later.\n```\n\nThat arithmetic remains **conditional**. Under §541.32, actual Delaware accrual/tolling law must accompany a borrowed period. Section 8117’s absence rule and other applicable interpretations cannot be assumed away for a real debtor. No complete Delaware tolling/case-law analysis was performed.\n\nIf §8109 instead governs a qualifying note or signed acknowledgment:\n\nPlain text\n```\nSix-year comparison anniversary: March 3, 2028.\n```\n\nThe Minnesota buyer’s later residence does not satisfy §541.31(2)’s requirement that the Minnesota plaintiff have owned the claim **since accrual**.\n\n**Model result:** $8,000 is the same unpaid balance in every branch. The legal classification determines which temporal defense applies; the sale price and buyer’s preferred period do not. [C058.]\n\n## M03 — Original creditor versus qualifying buyer; pre- and post-expiration events\n\n### Shared original facts\n\nPlain text\n```\nConsumer principal due/breached February 3, 2020: $6,000.\nNo interest or charges.\nOrdinary six-year anniversary: February 3, 2026.\n```\n\nIn the buyer variant, a business purchases the charged-off account for collection in 2024 for **$900**. That purchase satisfies the stipulated state buyer predicate but does not establish federal FDCPA status without its separate test.\n\n### Branch A: authorized pre-expiration payment\n\nOn **February 3, 2025**, debtor voluntarily pays **$500** on the identified obligation. The facts expressly establish acknowledgment of the remaining obligation, not merely payment of a separate current installment.\n\nPlain text\n```\nBalance: $6,000 − $500 = $5,500.\n\nConditional renewed-period anniversary:\nFebruary 3, 2025 + six years = February 3, 2031.\n```\n\nThis branch applies the pre-expiration doctrine reflected in §541.17 and Bernloehr, subject to the stated acknowledgment and allocation facts. It does not establish that every partial payment has that effect or that a current installment restarts older ones.\n\nThe original creditor and qualifying buyer do not receive different accrual dates merely because of assignment.\n\n### Branch B: payment after expiration\n\nNo earlier reset occurs. On **February 10, 2026**, debtor pays $500.\n\nPlain text\n```\nBalance: $6,000 − $500 = $5,500.\nExpiration already occurred February 3, 2026.\nPost-expiration payment does not revive the period under §541.053.\n```\n\nThe same anti-revival sentence applies to the original creditor and buyer. A signed reaffirmation on February 10 does not change that statutory result.\n\nThe model does not decide whether a refund of that payment is required under another law or facts; no refund right is invented from the anti-revival text alone.\n\n### Branch C: nondebtor payment before expiration\n\nA stranger or co-obligor pays $500 on February 3, 2025, but debtor authorization or ratification is not established.\n\nPlain text\n```\nAssumed actually credited balance: $5,500.\nAcknowledgment/reset effect: not established.\nOriginal anniversary remains the operative candidate.\n```\n\nA collector’s unilateral “last payment” entry is not a substitute for proving who paid, authority, allocation and actual credit.\n\n### Branch D: refused tender\n\nA $500 tender is rejected and never credited:\n\nPlain text\n```\nActual credited payments: $0.\nClaimed balance: $6,000.\n```\n\nAny historical acknowledgment effect of tender must be analyzed separately and cannot revive an already expired consumer debt contrary to §541.053.\n\n**Actor-specific consequence:** A qualifying state buyer/collector faces §332.37(a)(24); a covered federal debt collector also faces §1006.26(b). Neither actor may select the assignment date as a new accrual event. [C059.]\n\n## M04 — Commencement, 60-day relation, and narrow saving\n\n### Ordinary Rule 3 facts\n\nPlain text\n```\nOpening principal due/breached January 15, 2020: $4,000.\nAdditions: $0.\nPayments: $0.\nClaimed balance: $4,000.\nOrdinary anniversary: January 15, 2026.\n```\n\nOn **Thursday, January 8, 2026**, the summons and complaint are personally delivered for service to the sheriff of the county where the defendant resides. Actual valid service occurs **Friday, March 6**.\n\nPlain text\n```\nExclude January 8 trigger day.\n\nJanuary 9–31: 23 days\nFebruary 1–28: 28 days\nMarch 1–6:     6 days\nTotal:       57 days\n\nDay 60: Monday, March 9, 2026.\n```\n\nOn the stipulated valid-service facts, Rule 3.01(c) can make January 8 the commencement event. The actual March service need not itself precede January 15 when the rule’s relation condition is satisfied.\n\n### Adverse alternatives\n\n| Alternative | Result under the model |\n| --- | --- |\n| Actual service March 10, day 61 | Sheriff-delivery route is ineffective under the 60-day condition; the March 10 actual-service date is after the ordinary anniversary, absent another rule |\n| Complaint merely filed January 8; no qualifying sheriff delivery or waiver; service February 2 | Filing alone does not establish ordinary Rule 3 commencement |\n| Waiver request mailed January 8 but unsigned | Mailing the request is not the signed-waiver commencement event |\n| Compliant waiver signed January 13 and properly handled | Separate Rule 3.01(b)/4.05 branch may be timely |\n| Proper conciliation statement and fee/fee-affidavit filed January 8 in a court with jurisdiction | Rule 505’s different commencement rule must be applied; not ordinary Rule 3 |\n\nFor the successful sheriff branch, assume the case is filed with the court April 1, 2026. That avoids the one-year filing endpoint. No default or merits result is assumed.\n\n### Narrow §541.18 saving branch\n\nAssume the timely commenced action produces a plaintiff’s judgment on August 3, 2026, which is reversed on **October 1, 2026**, in circumstances meeting §541.18 and leaving a permissible new action.\n\nPlain text\n```\nStatutory one-year saving anniversary: October 1, 2027.\nNew action properly commenced: September 15, 2027.\n```\n\nNo payments occurred:\n\nPlain text\n```\n$4,000 + $0 − $0 = $4,000 claimed balance.\n```\n\nA voluntary dismissal without such a recovered-and-reversed judgment does **not** satisfy this §541.18 model. A qualifying Article 2 action instead requires the separate six-month saving provision and its exclusions.\n\nThe historical emergency law does not add time to this January 2026 ordinary anniversary merely because the debt existed during 2020–2021. [C060.]\n\n# J. Remaining holds\n\n| Hold | Exact unresolved issue | Necessary next evidence |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **H01** | Actual consumer/UCC, goods/hybrid, note and account classification | Actual operative agreement/transaction facts; responsive post-2013 consumer/UCC construction where contested |\n| **H02** | Revolving-account minimum-payment, demand and acceleration accrual | Actual payment terms, notices, exercise and allocation; responsive published construction for the precise model |\n| **H03** | Particular choice, shortening, waiver or standstill clause | Actual clause, contacts, consumer protections, selected-state law and controlling enforcement construction |\n| **H04** | Modern consumer application of pre-expiration acknowledgment, tender and estoppel doctrines | Actual authority/content/allocation/reliance facts and responsive post-§541.053 interpretation |\n| **H05** | Assignment-defense scope, nondefense agreements and negotiable-instrument exceptions | Actual transfer/instrument; full applicable Article 9/Article 3 consumer-law predicates |\n| **H06** | Older transactions and transitional/emergency rules | Exact dates, enactment applicability and any relevant order; no generic extension |\n| **H07** | Case-specific burdens, pleading posture, service and saving eligibility | Actual pleadings/proof/service record and responsive procedural authority; no real record queried |\n| **H08** | Complete later-law, foreign-law, citation-history, local/tribal/territorial and sector coverage | Further bounded primary review; no completeness inferred from current search results |\n\n# K. Source register\n\n**Access convention:** All entries marked fresh were accessed during the **October 27, 2026** session. Individual fetch timestamps were not exposed. Multiple sections or URLs within one authority are grouped where appropriate and are not counted as independent corroboration.\n\n| Source ID | Issuer and complete HTTPS URL | Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **S_MN-P15-S001** | Minnesota Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.01](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.01?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh complete operative body; accrual and UCC/special-statute exception. Displayed 2025. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S002** | Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.05](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.05?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh relevant complete subdivision 1, particularly (1) and (6); contract and actual-fraud distinction. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S003** | Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.053](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.053?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh complete consumer six-year/anti-revival provision and history. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S004** | Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.10](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.10?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh complete mutual/open/current-account provision. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S005** | Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.17](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.17?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh complete signed-promise/payment provision. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S006** | Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.13](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.13?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh complete absence/process/diligent-search language. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S007** | Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.15](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.15?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh complete operative disability conditions and duration limits; special malpractice paragraph not applied. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S008** | Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.16](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.16?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh complete death-related provisions; probate claim requirements not independently analyzed. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S009** | Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.18](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.18?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh complete recovered-judgment saving provision and UCC exception. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S010** | Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.30](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.30?utm_source=chatgpt.com) ; [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.31](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.31?utm_source=chatgpt.com) ; [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.32](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.32?utm_source=chatgpt.com) ; [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.33](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.33?utm_source=chatgpt.com) ; [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.34](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.34?utm_source=chatgpt.com) ; [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.35](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.35?utm_source=chatgpt.com) ; [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.36](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.36?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh operative uniform-conflicts framework. One statutory family; actual foreign-law selection held. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S011** | Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.2-725](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.2-725?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh complete (1)–(4): period, accrual, shortening, saving and tolling. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S012** | Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.2-102](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.2-102?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh current goods/hybrid scope and preserved-law clauses. Full Article 2 definitions not reconstructed. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S013** | Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.3-104](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.3-104?utm_source=chatgpt.com) ; [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.3-108](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.3-108?utm_source=chatgpt.com) ; [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.3-118](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.3-118?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh necessary negotiability, demand/definite-time and (a)–(b) limitation rules. Other instrument actions/holder doctrines deferred. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S014** | Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.1-301](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.1-301?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh complete choice-of-law provision; enumerated mandatory cross-references identified, not all independently analyzed. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S015** | Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-109](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-109?utm_source=chatgpt.com) ; [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-403](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-403?utm_source=chatgpt.com) ; [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-404](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-404?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh scope/exclusions and defense/nondefense/consumer-law provisions. No actual assignment or HDC decision. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S016** | Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/332.31](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/332.31?utm_source=chatgpt.com) ; [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/332.37](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/332.37?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh narrow actor definitions, particularly subds.3,6,8, and §.37(a)(24)/(b). No credential or communications rerun. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S017** | Legislature/Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2013/0/104/](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2013/0/104/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh §§2–3, their separate effect clauses and signature; §2 effective Aug.1,2013, §3 separately Sept.1. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S018** | Legislature/Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2004/0/211/](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2004/0/211/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh complete uniform-conflicts enactment §§1–7 and signature; incident applicability Aug.1,2004. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S019** | Legislature/Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2024/0/93/](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2024/0/93/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh selected UCC amendments and article11 §§3–4 transition text. Not complete act or every transition exception. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S020** | Legislature/Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2019/0/59/](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2019/0/59/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh §7 original time-barred-action prohibition and adjacent boundary. Original general effective-date classification not completed. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S021** | Legislature/Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2021/1/4/](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2021/1/4/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh article5 §§1–3 and17 with express Aug.1,2021 dates. No full omnibus act read. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S022** | Legislature/Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2021/0/3/](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2021/0/3/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh complete §1 amending 2020 emergency deadline provision, own effect/applicability and signature. Effective Feb.13,2021. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S023** | Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/2026/table2?full=&page=5&per_page=500&year=2026](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/2026/table2?full&page=5&per_page=500&year=2026&utm_source=chatgpt.com) ; [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/2026/table2?full=&page=6&per_page=500&year=2026](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/2026/table2?full&page=6&per_page=500&year=2026&utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh targeted Chapter332/336/541 ranges. Index-only regular-session check; not all-later-law certification. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S024** | Minnesota court rules/Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/3/](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/3/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh complete Rule3.01–.02 and current amendment note. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S025** | Court rules/Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/4/](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/4/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh Rule4.05(a)–(e), relevant proof distinction; full service/publication dossier deferred. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S026** | Court rules/Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/5/](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/5/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh Rule5.04(a)–(d) and necessary current filing language. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S027** | Court rules/Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/6/](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/6/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) ; [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/645.15](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/645.15?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh relevant counting and endpoint provisions. No real calendar or broad enlargement ruling. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S028** | Court rules/Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/8/](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/8/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh Rule8.03 affirmative defenses. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S029** | Court rules/Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/12/](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/12/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh Rule12.02–.03 relevant pleading/outside-material conversion provisions. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S030** | Court rules/Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/56/](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/56/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh Rule56.01 and relevant56.03 record-support provisions. No actual motion evaluated. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S031** | Court rules/Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/gp/id/505/](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/gp/id/505/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh complete conciliation commencement rule. Jurisdiction and full Rules506–507 application not certified. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S032** | Minnesota Supreme Court — [https://mncourts.gov/_media/migration/appellate/supreme-court/recentrulesorders/oradm048001-062920.pdf](https://mncourts.gov/_media/migration/appellate/supreme-court/recentrulesorders/oradm048001-062920.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh final June29,2020 order pp.1–3 and relevant attachment; six-page PDF. Rule3 effective Sept.1,2020; Rule5 change Jan.1,2021. Relevant page visually inspected. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S033** | Minnesota Supreme Court — [https://mncourts.gov/_media/migration/appellate/supreme-court/recentrulesorders/Administrative-Order-Rules-Conciliation-2026.pdf](https://mncourts.gov/_media/migration/appellate/supreme-court/recentrulesorders/Administrative-Order-Rules-Conciliation-2026.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh final order pp.1–3 and Rules503/505–507 attachment portions; 27-page PDF. Effective July1,2026; relevant page visually inspected. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S034** | Delaware General Assembly, official code — [https://delcode.delaware.gov/title10/c081/index.html](https://delcode.delaware.gov/title10/c081/index.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh §§8106,8108–8109,8117–8118 and necessary surrounding exceptions. Current displayed body; no through-date or complete judicial-construction certificate. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S035** | CFPB/OFR — [https://www.consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/regulations/1006/26/](https://www.consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/regulations/1006/26/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) ; [https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/chapter-X/part-1006/subpart-B/section-1006.26](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/chapter-X/part-1006/subpart-B/section-1006.26) | Fresh complete operative rule. eCFR current through Oct.23,2026. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S036** | CFPB — [https://www.consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/regulations/1006/2/](https://www.consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/regulations/1006/2/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh relevant consumer/debt/creditor/debt-collector definitions and official interpretation. Full actor/exemption dossier deferred. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S037** | CFPB,86FR5766 — [https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/01/19/2020-28422/debt-collection-practices-regulation-f](https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/01/19/2020-28422/debt-collection-practices-regulation-f?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh effective-date statement and time-barred-debt final explanation, particularly printed pp.5780–5781. HTML body; not whole final rule/PDF read. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S038** | CFPB,86FR48918 — [https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/09/01/2021-18799/debt-collection-practices-regulation-f-withdrawal-of-proposal-to-delay-effective-date](https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/09/01/2021-18799/debt-collection-practices-regulation-f-withdrawal-of-proposal-to-delay-effective-date?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh withdrawal/effective-date explanation. Proposed delay withdrawn; operative Nov.30,2021 date preserved. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S039** | Published Minnesota majority republication — [https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1981/81-468-1.html](https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1981/81-468-1.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com) ; [https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/59149173add7b0493458871c/amp](https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/59149173add7b0493458871c/amp?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh complete Honn majority and disposition,311N.W.2d1,2–3. Same opinion, not independent corroborations. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S040** | Published majority republication — [https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1942/213-minn-505.html](https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1942/213-minn-505.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh Bernloehr majority,213Minn.505,507–09 and disposition. Historical note law. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S041** | Published majority republication — [https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/mn-court-of-appeals/1168948.html](https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/mn-court-of-appeals/1168948.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh Windschitl analysis/disposition;579N.W.2d499. Secured contract setting used only for narrow allocation principle. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S042** | Published majority republication — [https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1958/37-113.html](https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1958/37-113.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh Meagher relevant majority pp.487–93 and new-trial disposition. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S043** | Published majority republication — [https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/mn-court-of-appeals/1880382.html](https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/mn-court-of-appeals/1880382.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh Trebelhorn sectionII.B and disposition;905N.W.2d237. Commercial sale, not universal consumer/UCC holding. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S044** | Minnesota Supreme Court official archive — [https://mn.gov/web/prod/static/lawlib/live/archive/supct/0909/OPA082124-0903.pdf](https://mn.gov/web/prod/static/lawlib/live/archive/supct/0909/OPA082124-0903.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh Fleeger official ten-page majority, relevant pp.7–10; page8 visually inspected. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S045** | Published majority republication — [https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1956/36-816.html](https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1956/36-816.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh Bode relevant pp.463–66 and disposition; old lex loci discussion qualified by S046. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S046** | Published majority republication — [https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1983/co-82-469-2.html](https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1983/co-82-469-2.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh Milbank relevant pp.163–64, footnote4 and disposition. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S047** | Published majority republication — [https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1975/44238-1.html](https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1975/44238-1.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh Wild concealment/diligence portion,234N.W.2d794–95, and disposition; separate writing not adopted. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S048** | Published majority republication — [https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914cba2add7b04934803fb0](https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914cba2add7b04934803fb0) | Fresh Albachten majority from opinion through “Affirmed”; dissent separately identified and excluded.3N.W.2d783. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S049** | Published majority republication — [https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/2018/a16-0712.html](https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/2018/a16-0712.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com) ; [https://cases.justia.com/minnesota/supreme-court/2018-a16-0712.pdf?ts=1516815106](https://cases.justia.com/minnesota/supreme-court/2018-a16-0712.pdf?ts=1516815106&utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh Cox majority relevant slip pp.8–14 and disposition; PDF page visually inspected. Dissent not used. Old Rule3 version distinguished. |\n| **S_MN-P15-S050** | Revisor — [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.12](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.12?utm_source=chatgpt.com) | Fresh repeal notice. Not used as current commencement authority. |\n\n## Access and search limits\n\nThe official rule-order directory was read at:\n\nhttps://mncourts.gov/supremecourt/court-rules/recent-rules-orders\n\nIts actual links supplied S032–S033. The orders, not merely link titles, were read.\n\nFor the older cases listed as republications, no official image is claimed unless specifically identified. No failed official-image route is invented. Cox’s PDF is an opinion reproduction, not an official court-hosted retrieval.\n\nSome keyword searches returned historical compilations, commercial summaries, irrelevant material, or an unpublished result. They were discovery only. No subscription, account, OCR, private docket, or access bypass was used. A page that returned only navigation or a summary was not treated as an operative case read.\n\nBounded searches did not locate and open a responsive modern published construction resolving every §541.053/UCC, revolving-credit, pre-expiration-estoppel, or burden issue. That is not proof of no authority and not a complete citator.\n\n# L. Atomic claim register\n\n**Classification:** **T** operative text; **H** published holding; **I** inference; **C** conditional application; **G** gap. “High” refers to support within the stated version—not real-case approval.\n\n| Claim | Precise proposition | Sources/pinpoints | Type/confidence |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **C001** | Currentness is bounded by the retrieved displays, enactments and index | S001–S038 | T/G; explicit limit |\n| **C002** | §541.053 supplies the stated consumer six-year rule | S003; S017§2 | T; high |\n| **C003** | General express/implied contracts do not receive different periods solely from writing/orality | S001; S002(1)(1) | T; high |\n| **C004** | Qualifying sales claims have §2-725’s four-year/shortening/accrual rules | S011 | T; actual scope required |\n| **C005** | Current goods/hybrid scope and transitions matter | S012; S019 selected provisions | T/C; older application held |\n| **C006** | Article3 definite/demand periods require a qualifying instrument | S013 §§3-104,108,118(a)–(b) | T; high |\n| **C007** | Mutual-account last-item rule requires reciprocal demands | S004 | T; high |\n| **C008** | Account stated requires actual agreement, not universal silence | S042 pp.487–93 | H; fact-dependent |\n| **C009** | Relabeling a goods claim as account stated does not change its gravamen | S043 II.B | H; commercial facts |\n| **C010** | Single-maturity chronology depends on actual payment obligation/breach | S001–S003; S039 | T/I |\n| **C011** | Installments generally accrue separately | S039 pp.2–3; S041 analysis | H; actual terms required |\n| **C012** | Unexercised optional acceleration is not self-executing | S039 p.2 | H; exercise/automatic clause separate |\n| **C013** | Demand rules differ between qualifying notes and other obligations | S013; H02 | T/G |\n| **C014** | Charge-off or assignment alone is not a new maturity/promise | S001,S003,S015–S016 | I; actual contract can matter |\n| **C015** | Revolving-card total-balance accrual requires actual terms and exercise facts | S001–S004,S039 | G/C |\n| **C016** | Uniform act applies to incidents on/after Aug.1,2004; “state” includes specified foreign jurisdictions | S010 §§.30,.34; S018 | T; high |\n| **C017** | Ordinary borrowing follows selected substantive law under §541.31 | S010§.31(1) | T; consumer override separate |\n| **C018** | Borrowed period carries accrual/tolling, not foreign conflicts rules | S010§.32 | T; high |\n| **C019** | Resident-plaintiff exception requires ownership since accrual and other stated conditions | S010§.31(2) | T; high |\n| **C020** | Unfairness substitution requires the statutory court determination | S010§.33 | T; high |\n| **C021** | Consumer six-year rule expressly overrides §541.31(1) | S003 | T; not all possible law |\n| **C022** | Choice clauses have actual validity/relationship/mandatory-law conditions | S014; S045 pp.463–66 | T/H; no clause approved |\n| **C023** | Old lex loci default is not current general methodology | S046 p.163 &n.4 | H; insurance context preserved |\n| **C024** | Fleeger’s procedural treatment concerns its pre2004 incident | S044 pp.7–10 | H; no modern universal rule |\n| **C025** | Delaware three-year provision has material six-year/other exceptions | S034 §§8106,8108–8109 | T; complete application held |\n| **C026** | Signed writing is required for the specified promise-based effect | S005 | T; not automatically sufficient |\n| **C027** | Pre-expiration payment effect requires actual voluntary acknowledgment/authority facts | S040 pp.507–09; S005 | H/T; modern application conditional |\n| **C028** | Expired consumer period is not revived by listed payment/reaffirmation/discharge events | S003 | T; high |\n| **C029** | Another person’s payment is not automatically attributable to debtor | S040 pp.507–09 | H; authority/ratification required |\n| **C030** | Current installment tender does not automatically reset earlier installments | S041 analysis | H; historical setting |\n| **C031** | Assignee defenses and nondefense clauses require actual Article9 scope and consumer qualifications | S015 | T; HDC/other law held |\n| **C032** | Purchase price is not credited debtor payment absent actual such transaction | Assignment/model facts | I/accounting distinction |\n| **C033** | Qualifying buyer and covered collector face specific state time-barred-action prohibition | S016; S021 art.5§17 | T; no actual actor |\n| **C034** | No general consumer waiver or relabeling permission was established | S003,S011,S015 | T/I; clause-specific hold |\n| **C035** | Absence suspension requires statutory process/diligence predicates | S006 | T; no move-only rule |\n| **C036** | Disability provision concerns stated plaintiff/stay conditions and duration limits | S007 | T; high |\n| **C037** | Death saving has specific timing and probate exceptions | S008 | T; probate law held |\n| **C038** | Actual fraud discovery and concealment/diligence are distinct from ordinary contract accrual | S002(1)(6); S047 pp.794–95 | T/H |\n| **C039** | Albachten’s estoppel result is conditional pre-expiration inducement, not modern blanket revival | S048 majority | H/G |\n| **C040** | §541.18 is not generic dismissal saving | S009 | T; high |\n| **C041** | Article2 six-month saving has its own conditions/exclusions | S011(3)–(4) | T; high |\n| **C042** | Emergency amendment affects its stated historical expiration window | S022§1 | T; no general later extension |\n| **C043** | Ordinary commencement uses Rule3’s actual alternatives | S024; S025 | T; high |\n| **C044** | Sheriff relation requires authorized delivery and service/publication within60days | S024(3.01(c)); S032 | T; high |\n| **C045** | Cox’s old delivery holding must be read with2020 amendment | S049; S032 | H/T; high distinction |\n| **C046** | Rule5 filing is separate and has limited stipulation/rejection provisions | S026 | T; high |\n| **C047** | Conciliation commencement differs and current2026 rule was read | S031; S033 | T; jurisdiction still required |\n| **C048** | Counting uses actual trigger and applicable endpoint rule | S027 | T; no real deadline |\n| **C049** | Limitations is an affirmative defense under Rule8.03 | S028 | T; broad waiver/default issues deferred |\n| **C050** | Outside material can trigger Rule12 conversion/opportunity requirements | S029 | T; high |\n| **C051** | Summary judgment needs proper record support and no genuine material dispute | S030 | T; no actual motion |\n| **C052** | Tolling/acknowledgment proponents need supporting facts; universal persuasion allocation remains held | S040,S047; Rules8/56 | H/T/G |\n| **C053** | Federal time-barred rule requires actual federal actor/debt predicates | S036 | T; state buyer label insufficient |\n| **C054** | Covered collector cannot sue/threaten suit on time-barred debt; specified bankruptcy filing excluded | S035; S037 relevant final explanation | T; high |\n| **C055** | Expiry is not automatically payment, extinguishment, reporting expiry or all-contact prohibition | S003,S035; scope | I; other law deferred |\n| **C056** | Material enactment/rule effective dates have distinct stated meanings | S017–S023,S032–S033,S037–S038 | T; identified date gaps preserved |\n| **C057** | M01’s component chronology and $4,800 balance reconcile | M01; C010–C014 | C; assumptions explicit |\n| **C058** | M02 separates consumer override, conditional foreign period and $8,000 balance | M02; C016–C025 | C; foreign tolling held |\n| **C059** | M03 separates $5,500 credited balance from revival and authority | M03; C026–C034 | C; no automatic reset |\n| **C060** | M04’s57/60-day count and narrow saving branch follow stipulated facts | M04; C040,C043–C048 | C |\n| **C061** | Eleven published opinions were read with stated posture/version/republication limits | S039–S049 | H/G; no citator certificate |\n| **C062** | Twenty postures are fictional applications, not actor findings | H | C |\n| **C063** | P01/current-inventory/parent bases remain separate | Supplied context | Dated provenance only |\n| **C064** | No actual permission, contract validity or parent acceptance follows | Scope and holds | Explicit limitation |\n\n# M. Granular coverage register\n\n| Row | Requested issue | Result | Claims/hold | Exact next evidence where incomplete |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **V01** | Consumer six-year rule | Established textually | C002 | Actual consumer purpose/obligation |\n| **V02** | Written contract | Established general rule | C003 | Actual contract and special statute |\n| **V03** | Oral contract | No shorter period from label | C003 | Enforceability and terms |\n| **V04** | One-sided open account | Classification required | C007,H01 | Actual reciprocal demands or absence thereof |\n| **V05** | Mutual account | Statutory last-item rule read | C007 | Proved items on each side |\n| **V06** | Account stated assent | Published construction read | C008 | Actual conduct and agreement |\n| **V07** | Mere statement/restatement | No automatic new clock | C008–C009 | Actual new obligation versus relabeling |\n| **V08** | Consumer card classification | Partial | C015,H02 | Operative card terms and events |\n| **V09** | Goods claim | Four-year framework read | C004 | Article2 applicability |\n| **V10** | Consumer/UCC interaction | Textual architecture; application held | H01 | Responsive precise construction |\n| **V11** | Hybrid transaction | Current scope read | C005 | Predominant/segregable aspects and transition |\n| **V12** | Negotiable note | Definition and period read | C006 | Actual instrument |\n| **V13** | Demand note | Statutory rule read | C006,C013 | Demand/payment history |\n| **V14** | Non-UCC demand obligation | Unresolved generally | H02 | Contract and responsive accrual authority |\n| **V15** | Single maturity | Conditional accrual established | C010 | Actual due/breach date |\n| **V16** | Installments | Separate accrual holding read | C011 | Schedule and allocations |\n| **V17** | Missed minimum payment | Partial | C015,H02 | Actual revolving terms |\n| **V18** | Optional acceleration | Exercise required | C012 | Actual conditions and unequivocal act |\n| **V19** | Automatic acceleration | Conditional boundary | H02 | Valid clause and trigger |\n| **V20** | Balloon payment | Does not save old installments | C011 | Distinct components |\n| **V21** | Demand/collection letter | No universal reset | C013–C014 | Actual legal effect |\n| **V22** | Charge-off | Not universal accrual | C014 | Contractual event, if any |\n| **V23** | Assignment date | Not automatic restart | C014,C031 | Actual transfer and defenses |\n| **V24** | 2004 conflicts transition | Established | C016 | Actual incident date |\n| **V25** | Substantive-law selection | Framework established | C017,H03 | Actual clause/contacts |\n| **V26** | Borrowed accrual/tolling | Established | C018 | Selected jurisdiction’s actual law |\n| **V27** | Foreign conflicts rules | Not automatically imported | C018 | Applicable Minnesota selection |\n| **V28** | Resident-original-owner exception | Established | C019 | Residence and ownership since accrual |\n| **V29** | Unfairness exception | Text read | C020 | Required court findings |\n| **V30** | Consumer override | Established | C021 | Actual covered consumer claim |\n| **V31** | Contractual choice clause | Conditional | C022,H03 | Validity, relation, mandatory protections |\n| **V32** | Old lex loci approach | Not current default | C023 | Actual current choice analysis |\n| **V33** | Pre2004 procedural characterization | Historical holding read | C024 | Transition facts |\n| **V34** | UCC choice provision | Read | C022 | Enumerated special choice provisions if implicated |\n| **V35** | Delaware ordinary period | Actual primary body read | C025 | Classification and accrual |\n| **V36** | Delaware note/acknowledgment exception | Read | C025 | Actual instrument/signature |\n| **V37** | Delaware absence/saving | Body read, application held | H03 | Service availability and controlling construction |\n| **V38** | Consumer antiwaiver | No blanket waiver permission | C034,H03 | Actual clause and authority |\n| **V39** | Signed acknowledgment | Statutory condition established | C026 | Authorship, signature, content, authority |\n| **V40** | Electronic signature | Not determined | H04 | Applicable signature law and facts |\n| **V41** | Unsigned promise | No automatic §541.17 effect | C026 | Separate valid doctrine |\n| **V42** | Pre-expiration payment | Conditional doctrine read | C027 | Actual voluntary acknowledgment |\n| **V43** | Post-expiration consumer payment | Anti-revival established | C028 | Proof expiration occurred |\n| **V44** | Post-expiration written reaffirmation | Anti-revival established | C028 | Same |\n| **V45** | Nondebtor/co-obligor payment | Authority/ratification needed | C029 | Actual authorization evidence |\n| **V46** | Installment allocation | Published rule read | C030 | Actual payment designation |\n| **V47** | Unaccepted tender | Balance/acknowledgment separated | C030,H04 | Actual acceptance and modern legal effect |\n| **V48** | Validation/settlement communication | No automatic acknowledgment | H04 | Actual words and circumstances |\n| **V49** | Assignment-defense scope | Read conditionally | C031,H05 | Article9 scope and actual transfer |\n| **V50** | Nondefense/HDC exception | Not fully adjudicated | H05 | Actual conditions and unexamined cross-references |\n| **V51** | Purchase-price credit | Not debtor payment | C032 | Any actual separate credit agreement |\n| **V52** | Buyer definition/activity | Fresh narrow read | C033 | Actual charged-off purchase purpose |\n| **V53** | Buyer-specific suit restriction | Established | C033 | Actual actor and expired period |\n| **V54** | Original-creditor anti-revival | Not buyer-limited | C028 | Actual consumer obligation |\n| **V55** | Absence tolling | Conditions read | C035 | Process availability/diligent search |\n| **V56** | Plaintiff disability | Conditions/limits read | C036 | Actual disability and dates |\n| **V57** | Injunction/statutory prohibition | Text read | C036 | Actual prohibition; separate federal overlays |\n| **V58** | Death saving | Text read | C037 | Estate-presentation law and dates |\n| **V59** | Fraud discovery | Actual fraud only | C038 | Actual cause and discovery facts |\n| **V60** | Fraudulent concealment | Diligence/claimant proof read | C038 | Actual concealment and diligence |\n| **V61** | Equitable estoppel | Historical holding; modern overlap held | C039,H04 | Reliance/prejudice and §541.053 reconciliation |\n| **V62** | §541.18 saving | Narrow conditions established | C040 | Actual timely action/judgment/reversal |\n| **V63** | Dismissal without prejudice | No generic one-year saving | C040 | Other actual saving authority |\n| **V64** | UCC six-month saving | Conditions/exclusions read | C041 | Actual termination and classification |\n| **V65** | Emergency deadlines | Historical window read | C042 | Actual otherwise-expiring deadline |\n| **V66** | Actual-service commencement | Established | C043 | Valid service record |\n| **V67** | Signed waiver commencement | Established | C043 | Compliant waiver and dates |\n| **V68** | Sheriff delivery/60days | Current rule established | C044 | Proper county/method/service |\n| **V69** | Cox/2020 amendment | Reconciled historically | C045 | No old-text substitution |\n| **V70** | One-year filing requirement | Read | C046 | Actual filing/stipulation |\n| **V71** | Rejected filing relation | Limited rule read | C046 | Actual rejection ground and court relief |\n| **V72** | Conciliation commencement | Current rule/order read | C047 | Jurisdiction and required statement/fee predicate |\n| **V73** | Counting/holidays | Rules read; model dates checked | C048 | Actual trigger and endpoint |\n| **V74** | Affirmative defense | Established | C049 | Actual pleading and procedural posture |\n| **V75** | Pleading dismissal/conversion | Established generally | C050 | Actual materials considered |\n| **V76** | Summary-judgment proof | Established generally | C051 | Actual admissible record |\n| **V77** | Ultimate burden in disputed modern account | Partial | C052,H07 | Responsive precise authority |\n| **V78** | Federal collector/debt coverage | Narrow definitions read | C053 | Actual actor/consumer facts |\n| **V79** | Federal time-barred suit/threat rule | Established | C054 | Actual expired period |\n| **V80** | Debt existence/reporting/judgment duration | Kept distinct | C055 | Separate regimes deferred |\n| **V81** | Published case/currentness register | Completed with limits | C056,C061,H08 | Complete later-law/citator review not performed |\n| **V82** | Twenty fictional postures | Completed | C062 | No actual eligibility |\n| **V83** | M01 maturity/installments/acceleration | Completed conditionally | C057 | Actual terms/exercise absent |\n| **V84** | M02 choice/borrowing | Completed with foreign-law hold | C058,H03 | Actual selection/tolling |\n| **V85** | M03 payment/promise/assignment | Completed conditionally | C059,H04–H05 | Actual authority/content |\n| **V86** | M04 commencement/saving | Completed conditionally | C060,H07 | Actual service and judgment history |\n| **V87** | P01/inventory/parent crosswalk | Preserved below | C063 | No invented original limitations row |\n| **V88** | Actual records, local/tribal/territorial/foreign facts | Not examined | H08,C064 | Separate actual facts and governing law |\n| **V89** | Provider fees, credentials, contacts, funds, enforcement, secured/sector and full litigation families | Deferred | C064 | Separate authorized components |\n| **V90** | Full-state/parent/A066/A097/A098 acceptance | Not established | C064 | Remaining dimensions remain open |\n\n# N. Contribution crosswalk\n\n| Documented basis | Preserved scope/status | PASS-15 contribution |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Same-coordinator reviewed P01 | Retained “every remaining state, contract, sector, local and tribal category” | Fresh ordinary contract/account limitations component |\n| Current limitations inventory | Remains unaccepted as a whole | Period, accrual, conflicts, revival, assignment and commencement findings with identified holds |\n| Authorized state parent | Separately requires limitations by debt type, accrual/choice and payment/acknowledgment/debt-sale effects | The specified gateway is addressed; no full state dossier completion |\n| Prior provider, communication, earnings and bank work | Separate scopes and provenance | Not used as automatic limitations authority |\n| Supplied P07–P10/P13/P14 status for this purpose | Saved/unreviewed for this limitations use | No prior case, contract, fee or procedural conclusion becomes a premise by repetition |\n\n# O. Reconciliation, self-check, and disposition\n\n## Register reconciliation\n\nThis visible report contains:\n\n- **50 source/access entries:** S001–S050;\n- **64 atomic claims:** C001–C064;\n- **90 coverage rows:** V01–V90;\n- **8 named holds:** H01–H08;\n- **20 fictional postures:** P01–P20;\n- **4 worked models:** M01–M04; and\n- **11 published-opinion entries**, with their actual posture and source limitations.\n\nGrouped URLs and repeated section uses are not counted as independent corroborating authorities.\n\n## Researcher self-check\n\n**Actually read:** The identified operative limitation, conflict, acknowledgment, UCC, actor and procedural bodies; selected enactments and express transitions; the current Rule 3 and conciliation final orders; the actual Delaware statutory comparison; the narrow Regulation F rule and final explanation; and the published majority opinions listed above. Relevant PDF pages were visually inspected.\n\n**Not established:** A real debt’s classification or maturity, a particular acceleration, actual signature or payment authority, an enforceable choice/waiver clause, actual service, an applicable tolling event, or complete modern construction of every old-case doctrine. No private borrower, contract, account, entity or docket was queried.\n\nThe calculations distinguish debt balance from the right to sue. No payment was credited twice, no purchase price was treated as debtor payment, and no charge-off, assignment, discussion or signed post-expiration reaffirmation was treated as automatic revival.\n\n**Bottom line:** Minnesota’s ordinary consumer rule is six years with a significant post-expiration anti-revival provision. The hard work is identifying the actual obligation, each legally operative due event, the governing law, and any proved pre-expiration or procedural event. A collector’s date label is not that analysis.\n\nNo actual collection or filing permission, independent review, full-state/parent completion, A066, A097 or A098 acceptance is claimed.\n\n**END S_MN PASS-15** \n\n","tables":[{"headers":["Actual claim or obligation","Potential governing rule","Accrual/coverage requirement","What remains necessary"],"index":0,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Actual claim or obligation","Potential governing rule","Accrual/coverage requirement","What remains necessary"],["Ordinary consumer account or credit-card repayment obligation","§541.053: six years","Primarily personal, family, or household debt; actual obligation and breach identified","Contract terms, payment schedule, minimum-payment obligations, acceleration language and exercise, transaction purpose"],["Ordinary written contract","§541.05(1)(1), subject to §541.053, UCC and special statutes","Express contractual obligation; actionable breach","Writing alone does not select every rule"],["Ordinary oral contract","Same general express/implied contract provision; §541.053 if consumer debt","Enforceable obligation and breach","No general Minnesota three-year oral-contract rule was established"],["One-sided open account","General contract/consumer rule, as applicable","Actual debit, payment and maturity terms","Calling it “open” does not establish §541.10"],["Mutual, open, current account","§541.10","Reciprocal demands between the parties; accrual from the last proved item on either side","Actual mutuality—not simply a creditor posting charges and debtor making payments"],["Account stated","Applicable contract/consumer rule, subject to transaction classification","Actual assent to a balance, express or properly inferred from the circumstances","No universal silence-as-assent rule or automatic new clock"],["Qualifying sale of goods","§336.2-725: ordinarily four years","Article 2 scope and breach; warranty rules have specified separate triggers","Original agreement may reduce to at least one year, not extend; consumer/UCC overlap requires actual classification"],["Qualifying negotiable note payable at a definite time","§336.3-118(a): six years","Due date(s), or accelerated due date when legally accelerated","Instrument must actually satisfy Article 3"],["Qualifying demand note","§336.3-118(b)","Six years after demand; if no demand, the stated continuous ten-year nonpayment rule","Demand, payment and negotiability facts"],["Nonnegotiable demand obligation","General contract/consumer law, not automatically §336.3-118(b)","Contractual demand and breach construction","A responsive non-UCC demand-accrual determination remains held"]]},{"headers":["Event","Legal significance","Unsupported shortcut"],"index":1,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Event","Legal significance","Unsupported shortcut"],["Single agreed maturity and nonpayment","Ordinarily supplies the breach/maturity event for the payment obligation","Starting at contract signing regardless of when payment is due"],["Missed installment","Separate cause generally arises when that installment becomes due","Starting every future installment at the first missed payment"],["Missed revolving minimum payment","The actual contract determines the due obligation and available remedies","Treating every card balance as either one immediately due debt or perpetual monthly renewal"],["Optional acceleration","Requires the actual contractual predicate and exercise","Assuming default, charge-off or assignment automatically exercised the option"],["Automatic acceleration clause","Its terms, validity and actual triggering facts must be established","Applying optional-acceleration precedent without reading the clause"],["Final balloon","Can create a later due component","Reviving older installments already barred"],["Demand","Legally material where the governing instrument or contract makes it so","Assuming every collection letter restarts accrual"],["Charge-off","Accounting/classification event; relevant to debt-buyer definition","Universal accrual or new-promise event"],["Assignment/sale","Changes the person asserting the claim, subject to actual rights and defenses","New six-year period merely because ownership changes"],["Statement of balance","Evidence of the claimed account; sometimes relevant to actual assent","Unilateral restatement automatically creates a new enforceable agreement"],["Payment","May reduce balance and, under applicable pre-expiration doctrine, have additional effects","Every payment resets every installment or revives expired consumer debt"]]},{"headers":["Step","Governing question","Consequence"],"index":2,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Step","Governing question","Consequence"],["1. Identify the incident and transition","Does §541.34 apply—incident on or after August 1, 2004?","Do not use the old procedural-law rule without checking the statutory transition"],["2. Identify the claim’s substantive law","Actual contract clause, transaction relationships and Minnesota conflicts law","A buyer cannot simply choose the shortest or longest period"],["3. Apply §541.31","One other state’s substantive law, several states, or otherwise Minnesota","Identifies the ordinary borrowing architecture"],["4. Check §541.053","Is this the specified consumer-debt action?","Its six-year rule expressly overrides §541.31(1)"],["5. If another period is actually borrowed","Apply §541.32","Bring that state’s relevant accrual and tolling law—not its conflicts rules"],["6. Check the resident-original-owner exception","Minnesota resident plaintiff owned the claim since accrual, with the other stated facts","A later Minnesota assignee does not satisfy “since it accrued” merely by purchasing it"],["7. Check statutory unfairness","Court finds the substantially different period denies fair opportunity or imposes unfair defense burden","§541.33 permits the stated Minnesota substitution"],["8. Check special/UCC and nonwaiver limits","Actual transaction, original shortening clause, mandatory consumer law and instrument status","No whole-law or waiver conclusion from a choice clause alone"]]},{"headers":["Event","Governing rule","Consequence and limit"],"index":3,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Event","Governing rule","Consequence and limit"],["Pre-expiration signed acknowledgment/new promise","§541.17 requires a writing signed by the party to be charged for the specified new/continuing-contract effect","Writing is necessary under that provision, not automatically sufficient; content, authority and actual obligation matter"],["Unsigned acknowledgment","Does not satisfy that statutory signed-writing condition merely by existing","A separately valid payment or estoppel theory must not be assumed"],["Pre-expiration principal/interest payment","§541.17 preserves payment doctrine; Bernloehr explains voluntary acknowledgment and debtor authorization/ratification","Actual payment and scope can matter; not a universal reset of all obligations"],["Current installment payment","Windschitl preserves separate accrual of earlier installments","Paying the current installment does not automatically restart earlier missed installments"],["Payment after consumer period expired","§541.053","Does not revive that expired limitation period"],["Signed reaffirmation after consumer expiry","§541.053","The signed form does not defeat the express anti-revival sentence"],["Bankruptcy discharge","§541.053 says it does not revive the consumer period","Bankruptcy discharge/injunction rights are separate; this is not permission to collect a discharged debt"],["Payment by another person","Bernloehr requires debtor action, authority or ratification for the relied-on acknowledgment effect","A stranger’s payment, guarantor payment or internal collector posting is not automatically the debtor’s new promise"],["Unaccepted tender","Windschitl discussed acknowledgment through tender under its historical facts","Tender is not an actually credited balance reduction; modern post-expiration consumer application remains subject to §541.053"],["Validation dispute or settlement discussion","Actual words, signature, authority and context must be evaluated","A denial, information request or unaccepted proposal is not automatically acknowledgment or payment"]]},{"headers":["Actor","Limitation/anti-revival consequence","Separate activity restriction"],"index":4,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Actor","Limitation/anti-revival consequence","Separate activity restriction"],["Genuine original creditor","§541.053’s consumer period and anti-revival text can apply","Federal Regulation F coverage is not assumed merely because a debt is owed"],["Ordinary assignee","Same underlying chronology must be examined; assignment alone does not reset it","Actual state/federal actor status still matters"],["Business purchasing charged-off debt for collection","Fits §332.31(8) when the stated facts exist, including outsourced collection/litigation","§332.37(a)(24) prohibits covered actors from commencing collection action outside §541.053"],["Federal FDCPA debt collector","Applicable state period must first be determined","§1006.26(b) prohibits bringing or threatening legal action on a time-barred debt"],["Person outside a particular collector definition","Not automatically exempt from the underlying limitation statute","Do not infer that every other consumer-protection rule disappears"]]},{"headers":["Provision/doctrine","Necessary predicate","Scope and caution"],"index":5,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Provision/doctrine","Necessary predicate","Scope and caution"],["§541.13 absence","Actual statutory out-of-state/process or diligent-search condition","Moving out of Minnesota alone does not establish suspension"],["§541.15 disability","Specified plaintiff disability or injunction/statutory prohibition","Debtor disability does not automatically suspend a creditor’s claim; statutory duration limits and overlapping disabilities matter"],["§541.16 death","Specified death in the last year, or qualifying surviving claim against a decedent not required to be presented to the estate","Probate claim-presentation law remains separate"],["§541.05(1)(6) fraud","An actual fraud claim and its discovery rule","Not a universal discovery rule for an unpaid contract"],["Fraudulent concealment","Concealment and inability to discover with reasonable diligence; claimant must support the asserted tolling","Mere ignorance or failure to investigate is not enough under Wild"],["Equitable estoppel","Actual inducing conduct, reliance and prejudice; Albachten involved pre-expiration assurances","Modern consumer anti-revival interaction remains held; no back-door post-expiration revival approved"],["§541.18 saving","Timely action, plaintiff recovered judgment, later arrest/reversal in the specified proceeding","Not a generic one-year extension after any dismissal without prejudice"],["§336.2-725(3)","Timely sales action terminated leaving another remedy; six-month conditions and exclusions","Voluntary discontinuance and failure/neglect to prosecute are expressly excluded"],["2021 emergency amendment","Deadline unexpired March 13, 2020 and otherwise expiring in the specified March 13, 2020–April 15, 2021 window","Not an automatic extra year added to every debt’s later deadline"]]},{"headers":["Route/event","Actual rule","Consequence"],"index":6,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Route/event","Actual rule","Consequence"],["Ordinary district civil action—service","Rule 3.01(a)","Commenced against that defendant when summons is served"],["Signed waiver","Rule 3.01(b), Rule 4.05","Signing/filing consequences depend on the actual compliant waiver; merely mailing a request is not service"],["Delivery to sheriff","Rule 3.01(c)","Delivery by an authorized method to the proper county sheriff, followed within 60 days by actual service or legally available first publication"],["Email/electronic delivery to sheriff","Current rule requires sheriff consent in writing or electronically","An unsolicited electronic transmission is not assumed sufficient"],["Fax","The 2020 comment says the amendment intentionally did not authorize fax; comments are not themselves court-approved law","Cox remains historical context, not a reason to ignore current authorized methods"],["Ordinary filing after commencement","Rule 5.04","Generally within one year, subject to its signed-stipulation and stated exceptions"],["Rejected filing","Rule 5.04(c)–(d)","Limited identified grounds and motion-based relief—not every rejected submission relates back"],["Conciliation court","General Rule 505","Filing the required statement in a court with jurisdiction plus fee or prescribed fee-affidavit condition"],["Amended claim/new party","Not analyzed here","No automatic relation back under an unread Rule 15 mechanism"]]},{"headers":["Stage","Established requirement","Limit"],"index":7,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Stage","Established requirement","Limit"],["Defendant’s response","Rule 8.03 expressly identifies limitations as an affirmative defense to be set forth","Default/vacatur consequences and waiver exceptions are outside this pass"],["Pleading motion","Rule 12 governs failure-to-state-claim/judgment-on-pleadings treatment","Disputed outside facts cannot silently be treated as established"],["Outside material considered","Rule 12’s conversion rule requires the stated Rule 56 treatment and opportunity","An affidavit is not automatically a pleading fact"],["Summary judgment","Rule 56 requires no genuine material factual dispute and entitlement as a matter of law, supported by the specified record materials","Creditor label, spreadsheet date or bare assertion does not satisfy the record burden"],["Claimant invokes concealment/tolling","Wild requires supporting facts and reasonable diligence for the asserted concealment theory","No universal burden shift for every conceivable tolling doctrine is certified"],["Party invokes acknowledgment/payment","Actual authorship, authority, timing, content and allocation require proof","Bernloehr was a jury-supported authority finding, not automatic attribution"],["Party invokes account stated","Actual agreement/assent must be established under Meagher","Silence is not conclusive in every relationship"]]},{"headers":["Material","Actual status established","Limit"],"index":8,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Material","Actual status established","Limit"],["Minnesota statutory pages","Retrieved displays labeled 2025","Not a fully consolidated October 2026 certificate"],["§541.053 enactment","2013 chapter 104 §2, effective August 1, 2013","Earlier-debt/retroactivity disputes not comprehensively adjudicated"],["Assigned-consumer default provision","Adjacent §3, effective September 1, 2013 with its own application clause","Not the scope of §541.053"],["Uniform conflicts act","2004 chapter 211; incidents on/after August 1, 2004","Earlier incidents require separate law"],["2024 UCC amendments","Selected scope, instrument, assignment and transition provisions read","No full all-transaction transition analysis"],["2021 buyer changes","Selected definitions/conduct provisions effective August 1, 2021","No credentials determination"],["Emergency deadline legislation","2021 chapter 3, effective February 13, 2021 with the specified historical deadline window","Not a general pause added to every 2026 anniversary"],["Current rules","Rule 3, 4.05, 5.04, 6, 8, 12, 56 and Conciliation Rule 505 read","Full history of every rule not reconstructed"],["2020 final rule order","Separate September 1, 2020 and January 1, 2021 provisions","Advisory comments expressly not court-approved"],["2026 conciliation order","Effective July 1, 2026","Broader conciliation procedure not rerun"],["2026 Table 2","Relevant regular-session ranges inspected; no targeted Chapter 541 amendment listed there","No all-later/special-session certificate"],["Delaware code","Current official displayed Chapter 81 body read","No displayed through-date or complete Delaware judicial construction certified"],["Regulation F","Current text through October 23, 2026; operative effective date November 30, 2021","Broader federal collection regimes deferred"]]},{"headers":["Case","Court/date; posture and disposition","Holding used and limits"],"index":9,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Case","Court/date; posture and disposition","Holding used and limits"],["Honn v. National Computer Systems, Inc., 311 N.W.2d 1, 2–3","Minnesota Supreme Court, Oct. 16, 1981; affirmed in part, reversed in part and remanded","Separate installment accrual; unexercised optional acceleration is not self-executing; balloon does not save older installments."],["Bernloehr v. Fredrickson, 213 Minn. 505, 507–09, 7 N.W.2d 328","Minnesota Supreme Court, Dec. 24, 1942; affirmed jury-supported judgment","Pre-expiration payment must be debtor-authorized or ratified for the relied-on effect. Historical note law; not post-2013 consumer revival."],["Windschitl v. Windschitl, 579 N.W.2d 499, analysis and disposition","Minnesota Court of Appeals, June 16, 1998; affirmed in part and reversed in part","Current installment tenders do not restart earlier installments. Land-contract setting and historical law preserved."],["Meagher v. Kavli, 251 Minn. 477, 487–93, 88 N.W.2d 871","Minnesota Supreme Court, March 7, 1958; reversed for new trial","Actual account-stated agreement and circumstances matter; disputed assent not conclusively established."],["Trebelhorn v. Agrawal, 905 N.W.2d 237, section II.B and decision","Minnesota Court of Appeals, Nov. 20, 2017; affirmed summary dismissal","Commercial goods claim cannot obtain a longer period merely by account-stated relabeling. Underlying account-stated merits issue not reached where unpreserved."],["Fleeger v. Wyeth, 771 N.W.2d 524, official slip pp. 7–10","Minnesota Supreme Court, Sept. 3, 2009; certified question answered","Pre-2004 incident governed by former procedural approach; later borrowing act expressly distinguished."],["Combined Insurance Co. of America v. Bode, 247 Minn. 458, 463–66, 77 N.W.2d 533","Minnesota Supreme Court, June 8, 1956; affirmed relevant construction","Contract choice recognized with qualifications; not modern lex loci default or consumer-clause approval."],["Milbank Mutual Insurance Co. v. USF&G, 332 N.W.2d 160, 163–64 & n.4","Minnesota Supreme Court, April 1, 1983; affirmed on different analysis","Rejects old place-of-contract default; insurance setting and ultimately non-outcome-determinative conflict."],["Wild v. Rarig, 302 Minn. 419, 234 N.W.2d 775, 794–95","Minnesota Supreme Court, Jan. 10, 1975; rehearing July 31; reversed/new-trial directions","Concealment, diligence and burden discussion. Tort context; not a universal contract discovery rule."],["Albachten v. Bradley, 212 Minn. 359, 3 N.W.2d 783, majority through “Affirmed”","Minnesota Supreme Court, May 8, 1942; affirmed grant of new trial","Evidence could establish pre-expiration inducement estoppel. Dissent excluded; modern §541.053 interaction held."],["Cox v. Mid-Minnesota Mutual Insurance Co., 909 N.W.2d 540, official-format slip pp. 8–14","Minnesota Supreme Court, Jan. 24, 2018; affirmed in part, reversed in part, remanded","Fax did not meet old Rule 3.01(c), but actual service could commence under another branch. Current 2020 text is different."]]},{"headers":["Posture","Fictional known facts","Consequence and missing facts"],"index":10,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Posture","Fictional known facts","Consequence and missing facts"],["P01 — Written household loan","Definite maturity, personal purpose","Six-year consumer analysis; verify breach and special-statute classification."],["P02 — Oral household loan","Same purpose and agreed due date, no writing","No shorter period merely because oral; enforceability and terms still require proof."],["P03 — Open card account","Monthly statements and minimum payments","“Open account” alone does not establish reciprocal demands or a single last-item accrual."],["P04 — Disputed statement","Debtor promptly contests the balance","No automatic account stated from silence or retention."],["P05 — Goods seller","Claim is for a qualifying sale, not a separate card loan","Article 2 period and breach rules require analysis; relabeling as account stated is insufficient."],["P06 — Installments","Several payments due on different dates; no acceleration","Separate component clocks."],["P07 — Optional acceleration","Clause exists but no exercise is proved","Default alone does not establish acceleration of all future amounts."],["P08 — Actual acceleration","Contract conditions and unequivocal exercise stipulated","Accelerated future components require their own due-date analysis; earlier components are not automatically refreshed."],["P09 — Demand note","Negotiability and demand status genuinely established","Apply §336.3-118(b), not a generic last-payment slogan."],["P10 — Charge-off/sale","Account charged off and later sold","Neither event alone restarts accrual; purchase price is not debtor payment."],["P11 — Delaware clause","Clause exists, but consumer purpose also established","§541.053’s override must be considered before importing Delaware’s ordinary period."],["P12 — New Minnesota assignee","Buyer moves/organizes in Minnesota after accrual","Does not automatically satisfy §541.31(2)’s ownership-since-accrual condition."],["P13 — Pre-expiration authorized payment","Debtor voluntarily pays identified principal","Possible acknowledgment effect, with scope/allocation proof; no automatic effect on every installment."],["P14 — Post-expiration payment","Consumer period already expired; $500 credited","Balance reduces; expired period is not revived under §541.053."],["P15 — Signed post-expiration reaffirmation","Debtor signs a statement admitting same old debt","Statutory anti-revival remains; no permission inferred from signature."],["P16 — Stranger or co-obligor payment","Another person pays without established authority","Credit and acknowledgment effects are separate; authority/ratification cannot be presumed."],["P17 — Settlement discussion","Consumer requests documents and mentions possible compromise","Not automatically a signed new promise or credited payment."],["P18 — Out-of-state defendant","Debtor moved but remains subject to service","Absence alone does not satisfy §541.13."],["P19 — Wrong commencement event","Complaint filed before anniversary, but no timely service, waiver or sheriff relation","Filing alone does not establish ordinary Rule 3 commencement; conciliation is different."],["P20 — Dismissal versus reversed plaintiff judgment","One case voluntarily dismissed; another produced plaintiff judgment later reversed","§541.18 does not treat the two alike; UCC saving is separate."]]},{"headers":["Component","Due/breach date","Amount","Six-year anniversary","Status at Aug. 10, 2026"],"index":11,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Component","Due/breach date","Amount","Six-year anniversary","Status at Aug. 10, 2026"],["1","March 16, 2020","$1,200","March 16, 2026","Outside modeled period"],["2","June 16, 2020","$1,200","June 16, 2026","Outside modeled period"],["3","September 16, 2020","$1,200","September 16, 2026","Within modeled period"],["4","December 16, 2020","$1,200","December 16, 2026","Within modeled period"]]},{"headers":["Alternative","Result under the model"],"index":12,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Alternative","Result under the model"],["Actual service March 10, day 61","Sheriff-delivery route is ineffective under the 60-day condition; the March 10 actual-service date is after the ordinary anniversary, absent another rule"],["Complaint merely filed January 8; no qualifying sheriff delivery or waiver; service February 2","Filing alone does not establish ordinary Rule 3 commencement"],["Waiver request mailed January 8 but unsigned","Mailing the request is not the signed-waiver commencement event"],["Compliant waiver signed January 13 and properly handled","Separate Rule 3.01(b)/4.05 branch may be timely"],["Proper conciliation statement and fee/fee-affidavit filed January 8 in a court with jurisdiction","Rule 505’s different commencement rule must be applied; not ordinary Rule 3"]]},{"headers":["Hold","Exact unresolved issue","Necessary next evidence"],"index":13,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Hold","Exact unresolved issue","Necessary next evidence"],["H01","Actual consumer/UCC, goods/hybrid, note and account classification","Actual operative agreement/transaction facts; responsive post-2013 consumer/UCC construction where contested"],["H02","Revolving-account minimum-payment, demand and acceleration accrual","Actual payment terms, notices, exercise and allocation; responsive published construction for the precise model"],["H03","Particular choice, shortening, waiver or standstill clause","Actual clause, contacts, consumer protections, selected-state law and controlling enforcement construction"],["H04","Modern consumer application of pre-expiration acknowledgment, tender and estoppel doctrines","Actual authority/content/allocation/reliance facts and responsive post-§541.053 interpretation"],["H05","Assignment-defense scope, nondefense agreements and negotiable-instrument exceptions","Actual transfer/instrument; full applicable Article 9/Article 3 consumer-law predicates"],["H06","Older transactions and transitional/emergency rules","Exact dates, enactment applicability and any relevant order; no generic extension"],["H07","Case-specific burdens, pleading posture, service and saving eligibility","Actual pleadings/proof/service record and responsive procedural authority; no real record queried"],["H08","Complete later-law, foreign-law, citation-history, local/tribal/territorial and sector coverage","Further bounded primary review; no completeness inferred from current search results"]]},{"headers":["Source ID","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation"],"index":14,"links":[{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.01?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.01"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.05?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.05"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.053?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.053"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.10?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.10"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.17?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.17"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.13?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.13"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.15?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.15"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.16?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.16"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.18?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.18"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.30?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.30"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.31?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.31"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.32?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.32"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.33?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.33"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.34?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.34"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.35?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.35"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.36?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.36"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.2-725?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.2-725"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.2-102?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.2-102"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.3-104?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.3-104"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.3-108?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.3-108"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.3-118?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.3-118"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.1-301?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.1-301"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-109?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-109"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-403?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-403"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-404?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-404"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/332.31?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/332.31"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/332.37?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/332.37"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2013/0/104/?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2013/0/104/"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2004/0/211/?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2004/0/211/"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2024/0/93/?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2024/0/93/"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2019/0/59/?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2019/0/59/"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2021/1/4/?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2021/1/4/"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2021/0/3/?utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2021/0/3/"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/2026/table2?full&page=5&per_page=500&year=2026&utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/2026/table2?full=&page=5&per_page=500&year=2026"},{"href":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/2026/table2?full&page=6&per_page=500&year=2026&utm_source=chatgpt.com","text":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/2026/table2?fu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Other instrument actions/holder doctrines deferred."],["S_MN-P15-S014","Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.1-301","Fresh complete choice-of-law provision; enumerated mandatory cross-references identified, not all independently analyzed."],["S_MN-P15-S015","Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-109 ; https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-403 ; https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-404","Fresh scope/exclusions and defense/nondefense/consumer-law provisions. No actual assignment or HDC decision."],["S_MN-P15-S016","Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/332.31 ; https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/332.37","Fresh narrow actor definitions, particularly subds.3,6,8, and §.37(a)(24)/(b). No credential or communications rerun."],["S_MN-P15-S017","Legislature/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2013/0/104/","Fresh §§2–3, their separate effect clauses and signature; §2 effective Aug.1,2013, §3 separately Sept.1."],["S_MN-P15-S018","Legislature/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2004/0/211/","Fresh complete uniform-conflicts enactment §§1–7 and signature; incident applicability Aug.1,2004."],["S_MN-P15-S019","Legislature/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2024/0/93/","Fresh selected UCC amendments and article11 §§3–4 transition text. Not complete act or every transition exception."],["S_MN-P15-S020","Legislature/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2019/0/59/","Fresh §7 original time-barred-action prohibition and adjacent boundary. Original general effective-date classification not completed."],["S_MN-P15-S021","Legislature/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2021/1/4/","Fresh article5 §§1–3 and17 with express Aug.1,2021 dates. No full omnibus act read."],["S_MN-P15-S022","Legislature/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2021/0/3/","Fresh complete §1 amending 2020 emergency deadline provision, own effect/applicability and signature. Effective Feb.13,2021."],["S_MN-P15-S023","Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/2026/table2?full=&page=5&per_page=500&year=2026 ; https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/2026/table2?full=&page=6&per_page=500&year=2026","Fresh targeted Chapter332/336/541 ranges. Index-only regular-session check; not all-later-law certification."],["S_MN-P15-S024","Minnesota court rules/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/3/","Fresh complete Rule3.01–.02 and current amendment note."],["S_MN-P15-S025","Court rules/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/4/","Fresh Rule4.05(a)–(e), relevant proof distinction; full service/publication dossier deferred."],["S_MN-P15-S026","Court rules/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/5/","Fresh Rule5.04(a)–(d) and necessary current filing language."],["S_MN-P15-S027","Court rules/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/6/ ; https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/645.15","Fresh relevant counting and endpoint provisions. No real calendar or broad enlargement ruling."],["S_MN-P15-S028","Court rules/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/8/","Fresh Rule8.03 affirmative defenses."],["S_MN-P15-S029","Court rules/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/12/","Fresh Rule12.02–.03 relevant pleading/outside-material conversion provisions."],["S_MN-P15-S030","Court rules/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/56/","Fresh Rule56.01 and relevant56.03 record-support provisions. No actual motion evaluated."],["S_MN-P15-S031","Court rules/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/gp/id/505/","Fresh complete conciliation commencement rule. Jurisdiction and full Rules506–507 application not certified."],["S_MN-P15-S032","Minnesota Supreme Court — https://mncourts.gov/_media/migration/appellate/supreme-court/recentrulesorders/oradm048001-062920.pdf","Fresh final June29,2020 order pp.1–3 and relevant attachment; six-page PDF. Rule3 effective Sept.1,2020; Rule5 change Jan.1,2021. Relevant page visually inspected."],["S_MN-P15-S033","Minnesota Supreme Court — https://mncourts.gov/_media/migration/appellate/supreme-court/recentrulesorders/Administrative-Order-Rules-Conciliation-2026.pdf","Fresh final order pp.1–3 and Rules503/505–507 attachment portions; 27-page PDF. Effective July1,2026; relevant page visually inspected."],["S_MN-P15-S034","Delaware General Assembly, official code — https://delcode.delaware.gov/title10/c081/index.html","Fresh §§8106,8108–8109,8117–8118 and necessary surrounding exceptions. Current displayed body; no through-date or complete judicial-construction certificate."],["S_MN-P15-S035","CFPB/OFR — https://www.consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/regulations/1006/26/ ; https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/chapter-X/part-1006/subpart-B/section-1006.26","Fresh complete operative rule. eCFR current through Oct.23,2026."],["S_MN-P15-S036","CFPB — https://www.consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/regulations/1006/2/","Fresh relevant consumer/debt/creditor/debt-collector definitions and official interpretation. Full actor/exemption dossier deferred."],["S_MN-P15-S037","CFPB,86FR5766 — https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/01/19/2020-28422/debt-collection-practices-regulation-f","Fresh effective-date statement and time-barred-debt final explanation, particularly printed pp.5780–5781. HTML body; not whole final rule/PDF read."],["S_MN-P15-S038","CFPB,86FR48918 — https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/09/01/2021-18799/debt-collection-practices-regulation-f-withdrawal-of-proposal-to-delay-effective-date","Fresh withdrawal/effective-date explanation. Proposed delay withdrawn; operative Nov.30,2021 date preserved."],["S_MN-P15-S039","Published Minnesota majority republication — https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1981/81-468-1.html ; https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/59149173add7b0493458871c/amp","Fresh complete Honn majority and disposition,311N.W.2d1,2–3. Same opinion, not independent corroborations."],["S_MN-P15-S040","Published majority republication — https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1942/213-minn-505.html","Fresh Bernloehr majority,213Minn.505,507–09 and disposition. Historical note law."],["S_MN-P15-S041","Published majority republication — https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/mn-court-of-appeals/1168948.html","Fresh Windschitl analysis/disposition;579N.W.2d499. Secured contract setting used only for narrow allocation principle."],["S_MN-P15-S042","Published majority republication — https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1958/37-113.html","Fresh Meagher relevant majority pp.487–93 and new-trial disposition."],["S_MN-P15-S043","Published majority republication — https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/mn-court-of-appeals/1880382.html","Fresh Trebelhorn sectionII.B and disposition;905N.W.2d237. Commercial sale, not universal consumer/UCC holding."],["S_MN-P15-S044","Minnesota Supreme Court official archive — https://mn.gov/web/prod/static/lawlib/live/archive/supct/0909/OPA082124-0903.pdf","Fresh Fleeger official ten-page majority, relevant pp.7–10; page8 visually inspected."],["S_MN-P15-S045","Published majority republication — https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1956/36-816.html","Fresh Bode relevant pp.463–66 and disposition; old lex loci discussion qualified by S046."],["S_MN-P15-S046","Published majority republication — https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1983/co-82-469-2.html","Fresh Milbank relevant pp.163–64, footnote4 and disposition."],["S_MN-P15-S047","Published majority republication — https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1975/44238-1.html","Fresh Wild concealment/diligence portion,234N.W.2d794–95, and disposition; separate writing not adopted."],["S_MN-P15-S048","Published majority republication — https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914cba2add7b04934803fb0","Fresh Albachten majority from opinion through “Affirmed”; dissent separately identified and excluded.3N.W.2d783."],["S_MN-P15-S049","Published majority republication — https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/2018/a16-0712.html ; https://cases.justia.com/minnesota/supreme-court/2018-a16-0712.pdf?ts=1516815106","Fresh Cox majority relevant slip pp.8–14 and disposition; PDF page visually inspected. Dissent not used. Old Rule3 version distinguished."],["S_MN-P15-S050","Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.12","Fresh repeal notice. Not used as current commencement authority."]]},{"headers":["Claim","Precise proposition","Sources/pinpoints","Type/confidence"],"index":15,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Claim","Precise proposition","Sources/pinpoints","Type/confidence"],["C001","Currentness is bounded by the retrieved displays, enactments and index","S001–S038","T/G; explicit limit"],["C002","§541.053 supplies the stated consumer six-year rule","S003; S017§2","T; high"],["C003","General express/implied contracts do not receive different periods solely from writing/orality","S001; S002(1)(1)","T; high"],["C004","Qualifying sales claims have §2-725’s four-year/shortening/accrual rules","S011","T; actual scope required"],["C005","Current goods/hybrid scope and transitions matter","S012; S019 selected provisions","T/C; older application held"],["C006","Article3 definite/demand periods require a qualifying instrument","S013 §§3-104,108,118(a)–(b)","T; high"],["C007","Mutual-account last-item rule requires reciprocal demands","S004","T; high"],["C008","Account stated requires actual agreement, not universal silence","S042 pp.487–93","H; fact-dependent"],["C009","Relabeling a goods claim as account stated does not change its gravamen","S043 II.B","H; commercial facts"],["C010","Single-maturity chronology depends on actual payment obligation/breach","S001–S003; S039","T/I"],["C011","Installments generally accrue separately","S039 pp.2–3; S041 analysis","H; actual terms required"],["C012","Unexercised optional acceleration is not self-executing","S039 p.2","H; exercise/automatic clause separate"],["C013","Demand rules differ between qualifying notes and other obligations","S013; H02","T/G"],["C014","Charge-off or assignment alone is not a new maturity/promise","S001,S003,S015–S016","I; actual contract can matter"],["C015","Revolving-card total-balance accrual requires actual terms and exercise facts","S001–S004,S039","G/C"],["C016","Uniform act applies to incidents on/after Aug.1,2004; “state” includes specified foreign jurisdictions","S010 §§.30,.34; S018","T; high"],["C017","Ordinary borrowing follows selected substantive law under §541.31","S010§.31(1)","T; consumer override separate"],["C018","Borrowed period carries accrual/tolling, not foreign conflicts rules","S010§.32","T; high"],["C019","Resident-plaintiff exception requires ownership since accrual and other stated conditions","S010§.31(2)","T; high"],["C020","Unfairness substitution requires the statutory court determination","S010§.33","T; high"],["C021","Consumer six-year rule expressly overrides §541.31(1)","S003","T; not all possible law"],["C022","Choice clauses have actual validity/relationship/mandatory-law conditions","S014; S045 pp.463–66","T/H; no clause approved"],["C023","Old lex loci default is not current general methodology","S046 p.163 &n.4","H; insurance context preserved"],["C024","Fleeger’s procedural treatment concerns its pre2004 incident","S044 pp.7–10","H; no modern universal rule"],["C025","Delaware three-year provision has material six-year/other exceptions","S034 §§8106,8108–8109","T; complete application held"],["C026","Signed writing is required for the specified promise-based effect","S005","T; not automatically sufficient"],["C027","Pre-expiration payment effect requires actual voluntary acknowledgment/authority facts","S040 pp.507–09; S005","H/T; modern application conditional"],["C028","Expired consumer period is not revived by listed payment/reaffirmation/discharge events","S003","T; high"],["C029","Another person’s payment is not automatically attributable to debtor","S040 pp.507–09","H; authority/ratification required"],["C030","Current installment tender does not automatically reset earlier installments","S041 analysis","H; historical setting"],["C031","Assignee defenses and nondefense clauses require actual Article9 scope and consumer qualifications","S015","T; HDC/other law held"],["C032","Purchase price is not credited debtor payment absent actual such transaction","Assignment/model facts","I/accounting distinction"],["C033","Qualifying buyer and covered collector face specific state time-barred-action prohibition","S016; S021 art.5§17","T; no actual actor"],["C034","No general consumer waiver or relabeling permission was established","S003,S011,S015","T/I; clause-specific hold"],["C035","Absence suspension requires statutory process/diligence predicates","S006","T; no move-only rule"],["C036","Disability provision concerns stated plaintiff/stay conditions and duration limits","S007","T; high"],["C037","Death saving has specific timing and probate exceptions","S008","T; probate law held"],["C038","Actual fraud discovery and concealment/diligence are distinct from ordinary contract accrual","S002(1)(6); S047 pp.794–95","T/H"],["C039","Albachten’s estoppel result is conditional pre-expiration inducement, not modern blanket revival","S048 majority","H/G"],["C040","§541.18 is not generic dismissal saving","S009","T; high"],["C041","Article2 six-month saving has its own conditions/exclusions","S011(3)–(4)","T; high"],["C042","Emergency amendment affects its stated historical expiration window","S022§1","T; no general later extension"],["C043","Ordinary commencement uses Rule3’s actual alternatives","S024; S025","T; high"],["C044","Sheriff relation requires authorized delivery and service/publication within60days","S024(3.01(c)); S032","T; high"],["C045","Cox’s old delivery holding must be read with2020 amendment","S049; S032","H/T; high distinction"],["C046","Rule5 filing is separate and has limited stipulation/rejection provisions","S026","T; high"],["C047","Conciliation commencement differs and current2026 rule was read","S031; S033","T; jurisdiction still required"],["C048","Counting uses actual trigger and applicable endpoint rule","S027","T; no real deadline"],["C049","Limitations is an affirmative defense under Rule8.03","S028","T; broad waiver/default issues deferred"],["C050","Outside material can trigger Rule12 conversion/opportunity requirements","S029","T; high"],["C051","Summary judgment needs proper record support and no genuine material dispute","S030","T; no actual motion"],["C052","Tolling/acknowledgment proponents need supporting facts; universal persuasion allocation remains held","S040,S047; Rules8/56","H/T/G"],["C053","Federal time-barred rule requires actual federal actor/debt predicates","S036","T; state buyer label insufficient"],["C054","Covered collector cannot sue/threaten suit on time-barred debt; specified bankruptcy filing excluded","S035; S037 relevant final explanation","T; high"],["C055","Expiry is not automatically payment, extinguishment, reporting expiry or all-contact prohibition","S003,S035; scope","I; other law deferred"],["C056","Material enactment/rule effective dates have distinct stated meanings","S017–S023,S032–S033,S037–S038","T; identified date gaps preserved"],["C057","M01’s component chronology and $4,800 balance reconcile","M01; C010–C014","C; assumptions explicit"],["C058","M02 separates consumer override, conditional foreign period and $8,000 balance","M02; C016–C025","C; foreign tolling held"],["C059","M03 separates $5,500 credited balance from revival and authority","M03; C026–C034","C; no automatic reset"],["C060","M04’s57/60-day count and narrow saving branch follow stipulated facts","M04; C040,C043–C048","C"],["C061","Eleven published opinions were read with stated posture/version/republication limits","S039–S049","H/G; no citator certificate"],["C062","Twenty postures are fictional applications, not actor findings","H","C"],["C063","P01/current-inventory/parent bases remain separate","Supplied context","Dated provenance only"],["C064","No actual permission, contract validity or parent acceptance follows","Scope and holds","Explicit limitation"]]},{"headers":["Row","Requested issue","Result","Claims/hold","Exact next evidence where incomplete"],"index":16,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Row","Requested issue","Result","Claims/hold","Exact next evidence where incomplete"],["V01","Consumer six-year rule","Established textually","C002","Actual consumer purpose/obligation"],["V02","Written contract","Established general rule","C003","Actual contract and special statute"],["V03","Oral contract","No shorter period from label","C003","Enforceability and terms"],["V04","One-sided open account","Classification required","C007,H01","Actual reciprocal demands or absence thereof"],["V05","Mutual account","Statutory last-item rule read","C007","Proved items on each side"],["V06","Account stated assent","Published construction read","C008","Actual conduct and agreement"],["V07","Mere statement/restatement","No automatic new clock","C008–C009","Actual new obligation versus relabeling"],["V08","Consumer card classification","Partial","C015,H02","Operative card terms and events"],["V09","Goods claim","Four-year framework read","C004","Article2 applicability"],["V10","Consumer/UCC interaction","Textual architecture; application held","H01","Responsive precise construction"],["V11","Hybrid transaction","Current scope read","C005","Predominant/segregable aspects and transition"],["V12","Negotiable note","Definition and period read","C006","Actual instrument"],["V13","Demand note","Statutory rule read","C006,C013","Demand/payment history"],["V14","Non-UCC demand obligation","Unresolved generally","H02","Contract and responsive accrual authority"],["V15","Single maturity","Conditional accrual established","C010","Actual due/breach date"],["V16","Installments","Separate accrual holding read","C011","Schedule and allocations"],["V17","Missed minimum payment","Partial","C015,H02","Actual revolving terms"],["V18","Optional acceleration","Exercise required","C012","Actual conditions and unequivocal act"],["V19","Automatic acceleration","Conditional boundary","H02","Valid clause and trigger"],["V20","Balloon payment","Does not save old installments","C011","Distinct components"],["V21","Demand/collection letter","No universal reset","C013–C014","Actual legal effect"],["V22","Charge-off","Not universal accrual","C014","Contractual event, if any"],["V23","Assignment date","Not automatic restart","C014,C031","Actual transfer and defenses"],["V24","2004 conflicts transition","Established","C016","Actual incident date"],["V25","Substantive-law selection","Framework established","C017,H03","Actual clause/contacts"],["V26","Borrowed accrual/tolling","Established","C018","Selected jurisdiction’s actual law"],["V27","Foreign conflicts rules","Not automatically imported","C018","Applicable Minnesota selection"],["V28","Resident-original-owner exception","Established","C019","Residence and ownership since accrual"],["V29","Unfairness exception","Text read","C020","Required court findings"],["V30","Consumer override","Established","C021","Actual covered consumer claim"],["V31","Contractual choice clause","Conditional","C022,H03","Validity, relation, mandatory protections"],["V32","Old lex loci approach","Not current default","C023","Actual current choice analysis"],["V33","Pre2004 procedural characterization","Historical holding read","C024","Transition facts"],["V34","UCC choice provision","Read","C022","Enumerated special choice provisions if implicated"],["V35","Delaware ordinary period","Actual primary body read","C025","Classification and accrual"],["V36","Delaware note/acknowledgment exception","Read","C025","Actual instrument/signature"],["V37","Delaware absence/saving","Body read, application held","H03","Service availability and controlling construction"],["V38","Consumer antiwaiver","No blanket waiver permission","C034,H03","Actual clause and authority"],["V39","Signed acknowledgment","Statutory condition established","C026","Authorship, signature, content, authority"],["V40","Electronic signature","Not determined","H04","Applicable signature law and facts"],["V41","Unsigned promise","No automatic §541.17 effect","C026","Separate valid doctrine"],["V42","Pre-expiration payment","Conditional doctrine read","C027","Actual voluntary acknowledgment"],["V43","Post-expiration consumer payment","Anti-revival established","C028","Proof expiration occurred"],["V44","Post-expiration written reaffirmation","Anti-revival established","C028","Same"],["V45","Nondebtor/co-obligor payment","Authority/ratification needed","C029","Actual authorization evidence"],["V46","Installment allocation","Published rule read","C030","Actual payment designation"],["V47","Unaccepted tender","Balance/acknowledgment separated","C030,H04","Actual acceptance and modern legal effect"],["V48","Validation/settlement communication","No automatic acknowledgment","H04","Actual words and circumstances"],["V49","Assignment-defense scope","Read conditionally","C031,H05","Article9 scope and actual transfer"],["V50","Nondefense/HDC exception","Not fully adjudicated","H05","Actual conditions and unexamined cross-references"],["V51","Purchase-price credit","Not debtor payment","C032","Any actual separate credit agreement"],["V52","Buyer definition/activity","Fresh narrow read","C033","Actual charged-off purchase purpose"],["V53","Buyer-specific suit restriction","Established","C033","Actual actor and expired period"],["V54","Original-creditor anti-revival","Not buyer-limited","C028","Actual consumer obligation"],["V55","Absence tolling","Conditions read","C035","Process availability/diligent search"],["V56","Plaintiff disability","Conditions/limits read","C036","Actual disability and dates"],["V57","Injunction/statutory prohibition","Text read","C036","Actual prohibition; separate federal overlays"],["V58","Death saving","Text read","C037","Estate-presentation law and dates"],["V59","Fraud discovery","Actual fraud only","C038","Actual cause and discovery facts"],["V60","Fraudulent concealment","Diligence/claimant proof read","C038","Actual concealment and diligence"],["V61","Equitable estoppel","Historical holding; modern overlap held","C039,H04","Reliance/prejudice and §541.053 reconciliation"],["V62","§541.18 saving","Narrow conditions established","C040","Actual timely action/judgment/reversal"],["V63","Dismissal without prejudice","No generic one-year saving","C040","Other actual saving authority"],["V64","UCC six-month saving","Conditions/exclusions read","C041","Actual termination and classification"],["V65","Emergency deadlines","Historical window read","C042","Actual otherwise-expiring deadline"],["V66","Actual-service commencement","Established","C043","Valid service record"],["V67","Signed waiver commencement","Established","C043","Compliant waiver and dates"],["V68","Sheriff delivery/60days","Current rule established","C044","Proper county/method/service"],["V69","Cox/2020 amendment","Reconciled historically","C045","No old-text substitution"],["V70","One-year filing requirement","Read","C046","Actual filing/stipulation"],["V71","Rejected filing relation","Limited rule read","C046","Actual rejection ground and court relief"],["V72","Conciliation commencement","Current rule/order read","C047","Jurisdiction and required statement/fee predicate"],["V73","Counting/holidays","Rules read; model dates checked","C048","Actual trigger and endpoint"],["V74","Affirmative defense","Established","C049","Actual pleading and procedural posture"],["V75","Pleading dismissal/conversion","Established generally","C050","Actual materials considered"],["V76","Summary-judgment proof","Established generally","C051","Actual admissible record"],["V77","Ultimate burden in disputed modern account","Partial","C052,H07","Responsive precise authority"],["V78","Federal collector/debt coverage","Narrow definitions read","C053","Actual actor/consumer facts"],["V79","Federal time-barred suit/threat rule","Established","C054","Actual expired period"],["V80","Debt existence/reporting/judgment duration","Kept distinct","C055","Separate regimes deferred"],["V81","Published case/currentness register","Completed with limits","C056,C061,H08","Complete later-law/citator review not performed"],["V82","Twenty fictional postures","Completed","C062","No actual eligibility"],["V83","M01 maturity/installments/acceleration","Completed conditionally","C057","Actual terms/exercise absent"],["V84","M02 choice/borrowing","Completed with foreign-law hold","C058,H03","Actual selection/tolling"],["V85","M03 payment/promise/assignment","Completed conditionally","C059,H04–H05","Actual authority/content"],["V86","M04 commencement/saving","Completed conditionally","C060,H07","Actual service and judgment history"],["V87","P01/inventory/parent crosswalk","Preserved below","C063","No invented original limitations row"],["V88","Actual records, local/tribal/territorial/foreign facts","Not examined","H08,C064","Separate actual facts and governing law"],["V89","Provider fees, credentials, contacts, funds, enforcement, secured/sector and full litigation families","Deferred","C064","Separate authorized components"],["V90","Full-state/parent/A066/A097/A098 acceptance","Not established","C064","Remaining dimensions remain open"]]},{"headers":["Documented basis","Preserved scope/status","PASS-15 contribution"],"index":17,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Documented basis","Preserved scope/status","PASS-15 contribution"],["Same-coordinator reviewed P01","Retained “every remaining state, contract, sector, local and tribal category”","Fresh ordinary contract/account limitations component"],["Current limitations inventory","Remains unaccepted as a whole","Period, accrual, conflicts, revival, assignment and commencement findings with identified holds"],["Authorized state parent","Separately requires limitations by debt type, accrual/choice and payment/acknowledgment/debt-sale effects","The specified gateway is addressed; no full state dossier completion"],["Prior provider, communication, earnings and bank work","Separate scopes and provenance","Not used as automatic limitations authority"],["Supplied P07–P10/P13/P14 status for this purpose","Saved/unreviewed for this limitations use","No prior case, contract, fee or procedural conclusion becomes a premise by repetition"]]}],"claims":[{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C001","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C001","Precise proposition":"Currentness is bounded by the retrieved displays, enactments and index","Sources/pinpoints":"S001–S038","Type/confidence":"T/G; explicit limit"},"coordinator_verification_status":"scoped_review_complete_with_explicit_applicability_and_source_limits","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."},{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C002","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C002","Precise proposition":"§541.053 supplies the stated consumer six-year rule","Sources/pinpoints":"S003; S017§2","Type/confidence":"T; high"},"coordinator_verification_status":"scoped_review_complete_with_explicit_applicability_and_source_limits","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."},{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C003","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C003","Precise proposition":"General express/implied contracts do not receive different periods solely from writing/orality","Sources/pinpoints":"S001; S002(1)(1)","Type/confidence":"T; high"},"coordinator_verification_status":"scoped_review_complete_with_explicit_applicability_and_source_limits","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."},{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C004","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C004","Precise proposition":"Qualifying sales claims have §2-725’s four-year/shortening/accrual rules","Sources/pinpoints":"S011","Type/confidence":"T; 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S032","Type/confidence":"H/T; high distinction"},"coordinator_verification_status":"scoped_review_complete_with_explicit_applicability_and_source_limits","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."},{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C046","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C046","Precise proposition":"Rule5 filing is separate and has limited stipulation/rejection provisions","Sources/pinpoints":"S026","Type/confidence":"T; high"},"coordinator_verification_status":"scoped_review_complete_with_explicit_applicability_and_source_limits","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."},{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C047","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C047","Precise proposition":"Conciliation commencement differs and current2026 rule was read","Sources/pinpoints":"S031; S033","Type/confidence":"T; jurisdiction still required"},"coordinator_verification_status":"scoped_review_complete_with_explicit_applicability_and_source_limits","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."},{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C048","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C048","Precise proposition":"Counting uses actual trigger and applicable endpoint rule","Sources/pinpoints":"S027","Type/confidence":"T; no real deadline"},"coordinator_verification_status":"scoped_review_complete_with_explicit_applicability_and_source_limits","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."},{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C049","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C049","Precise proposition":"Limitations is an affirmative defense under Rule8.03","Sources/pinpoints":"S028","Type/confidence":"T; broad waiver/default issues deferred"},"coordinator_verification_status":"scoped_review_complete_with_explicit_applicability_and_source_limits","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."},{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C050","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C050","Precise proposition":"Outside material can trigger Rule12 conversion/opportunity requirements","Sources/pinpoints":"S029","Type/confidence":"T; high"},"coordinator_verification_status":"scoped_review_complete_with_explicit_applicability_and_source_limits","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."},{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C051","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C051","Precise proposition":"Summary judgment needs proper record support and no genuine material dispute","Sources/pinpoints":"S030","Type/confidence":"T; no actual motion"},"coordinator_verification_status":"scoped_review_complete_with_explicit_applicability_and_source_limits","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."},{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C052","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C052","Precise proposition":"Tolling/acknowledgment proponents need supporting facts; universal persuasion allocation remains held","Sources/pinpoints":"S040,S047; Rules8/56","Type/confidence":"H/T/G"},"coordinator_verification_status":"partly_checked_or_researcher_attributed_source_and_application_holds_preserved","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."},{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C053","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C053","Precise proposition":"Federal time-barred rule requires actual federal actor/debt predicates","Sources/pinpoints":"S036","Type/confidence":"T; state buyer label insufficient"},"coordinator_verification_status":"scoped_review_complete_with_explicit_applicability_and_source_limits","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."},{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C054","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C054","Precise proposition":"Covered collector cannot sue/threaten suit on time-barred debt; specified bankruptcy filing excluded","Sources/pinpoints":"S035; S037 relevant final explanation","Type/confidence":"T; high"},"coordinator_verification_status":"scoped_review_complete_with_explicit_applicability_and_source_limits","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."},{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C055","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C055","Precise proposition":"Expiry is not automatically payment, extinguishment, reporting expiry or all-contact prohibition","Sources/pinpoints":"S003,S035; scope","Type/confidence":"I; other law deferred"},"coordinator_verification_status":"scoped_review_complete_with_explicit_applicability_and_source_limits","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."},{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C056","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C056","Precise proposition":"Material enactment/rule effective dates have distinct stated meanings","Sources/pinpoints":"S017–S023,S032–S033,S037–S038","Type/confidence":"T; identified date gaps preserved"},"coordinator_verification_status":"partly_checked_or_researcher_attributed_source_and_application_holds_preserved","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."},{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C057","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C057","Precise proposition":"M01’s component chronology and $4,800 balance reconcile","Sources/pinpoints":"M01; C010–C014","Type/confidence":"C; assumptions explicit"},"coordinator_verification_status":"67_model_scalar_date_chronology_checks_pass_legal_predicates_conditional","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."},{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C058","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C058","Precise proposition":"M02 separates consumer override, conditional foreign period and $8,000 balance","Sources/pinpoints":"M02; C016–C025","Type/confidence":"C; foreign tolling held"},"coordinator_verification_status":"67_model_scalar_date_chronology_checks_pass_legal_predicates_conditional","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."},{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C059","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C059","Precise proposition":"M03 separates $5,500 credited balance from revival and authority","Sources/pinpoints":"M03; C026–C034","Type/confidence":"C; no automatic reset"},"coordinator_verification_status":"67_model_scalar_date_chronology_checks_pass_legal_predicates_conditional","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."},{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C060","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C060","Precise proposition":"M04’s57/60-day count and narrow saving branch follow stipulated facts","Sources/pinpoints":"M04; C040,C043–C048","Type/confidence":"C"},"coordinator_verification_status":"67_model_scalar_date_chronology_checks_pass_legal_predicates_conditional","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."},{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C061","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C061","Precise proposition":"Eleven published opinions were read with stated posture/version/republication limits","Sources/pinpoints":"S039–S049","Type/confidence":"H/G; no citator certificate"},"coordinator_verification_status":"partly_checked_or_researcher_attributed_source_and_application_holds_preserved","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."},{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C062","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C062","Precise proposition":"Twenty postures are fictional applications, not actor findings","Sources/pinpoints":"H","Type/confidence":"C"},"coordinator_verification_status":"scoped_review_complete_with_explicit_applicability_and_source_limits","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."},{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C063","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C063","Precise proposition":"P01/current-inventory/parent bases remain separate","Sources/pinpoints":"Supplied context","Type/confidence":"Dated provenance only"},"coordinator_verification_status":"scoped_review_complete_with_explicit_applicability_and_source_limits","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."},{"claim_id":"S_MN-P15-C064","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback_no_parent_acceptance","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C064","Precise proposition":"No actual permission, contract validity or parent acceptance follows","Sources/pinpoints":"Scope and holds","Type/confidence":"Explicit limitation"},"coordinator_verification_status":"scoped_review_complete_with_explicit_applicability_and_source_limits","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_annotation":"Preserve literal researcher proposition; exact checked/unreopened bounds in source-checks; no whole-state or real-fact acceptance."}],"sources":[{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S001","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.01","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.01?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S001","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Minnesota Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.01","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh complete operative body; accrual and UCC/special-statute exception. Displayed 2025."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"541.01 complete operative accrual/UCC-special-statute exception, lines252–255."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S002","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.05","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.05?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S002","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.05","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh relevant complete subdivision 1, particularly (1) and (6); contract and actual-fraud distinction."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"541.05 subdivision1 complete selected body, lines256–271; express/implied contract and actual fraud discovery kept separate."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S003","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.053","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.053?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S003","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.053","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh complete consumer six-year/anti-revival provision and history."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"541.053 complete operative consumer six-year/override/anti-revival body and history, line252 onward."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S004","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.10","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.10?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S004","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.10","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh complete mutual/open/current-account provision."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"541.10 complete operative body, line253: reciprocal mutual open/current demands required."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S005","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.17","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.17?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S005","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.17","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh complete signed-promise/payment provision."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"541.17 complete operative signed-writing/payment body, line253. Necessary writing is not automatic sufficiency."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S006","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.13","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.13?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S006","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.13","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh complete absence/process/diligent-search language."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"541.13 complete operative body, line251; absence plus process/diligent-search conditions."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S007","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.15","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.15?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S007","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.15","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh complete operative disability conditions and duration limits; special malpractice paragraph not applied."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"541.15 operative body lines252–263, including duration/coexistence limits and separate malpractice exception."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S008","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.16","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.16?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S008","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.16","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh complete death-related provisions; probate claim requirements not independently analyzed."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"541.16 complete operative body lines251–252; specific death/estate conditions, not probate certification."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S009","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.18","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.18?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S009","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.18","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh complete recovered-judgment saving provision and UCC exception."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"541.18 complete operative body line253: recovered plaintiff judgment reversed/arrested; UCC exception."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S010","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.30","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.31","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.32","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.33","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.34","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.35","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.36","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.30?utm_source=chatgpt.com","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.31?utm_source=chatgpt.com","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.32?utm_source=chatgpt.com","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.33?utm_source=chatgpt.com","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.34?utm_source=chatgpt.com","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.35?utm_source=chatgpt.com","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.36?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S010","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.30 ; https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.31 ; https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.32 ; https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.33 ; https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.34 ; https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.35 ; https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.36","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh operative uniform-conflicts framework. One statutory family; actual foreign-law selection held."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"541.30–.34 complete selected operative bodies; .35 uniformity and .36 short-title bodies additionally read in15, lines251–257. No actual foreign-law selection."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S011","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.2-725","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.2-725?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S011","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.2-725","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh complete (1)–(4): period, accrual, shortening, saving and tolling."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"336.2-725 complete operative(1)–(4), lines252–258: four years, shortening, breach/warranty exceptions, six-month saving/exclusions/tolling and additional statutory exceptions."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S012","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.2-102","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.2-102?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S012","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.2-102","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh current goods/hybrid scope and preserved-law clauses. Full Article 2 definitions not reconstructed."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"336.2-102 complete operative goods/hybrid/consumer-preservation text lines252–262; historical transition act remains unreopened S019."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S013","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.3-104","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.3-108","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.3-118","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.3-104?utm_source=chatgpt.com","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.3-108?utm_source=chatgpt.com","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.3-118?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S013","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.3-104 ; https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.3-108 ; https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.3-118","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh necessary negotiability, demand/definite-time and (a)–(b) limitation rules. Other instrument actions/holder doctrines deferred."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"336.3-104 operative(a)–(j), .3-108(a)–(c), .3-118(a)–(g); report applies only qualifying demand/definite-time(a)/(b). No actual instrument/HDC decision."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S014","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.1-301","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.1-301?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S014","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.1-301","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh complete choice-of-law provision; enumerated mandatory cross-references identified, not all independently analyzed."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"336.1-301 operative(a)–(c), lines252–270; selected mandatory cross-references identified, not each underlying regime reviewed."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S015","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-109","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-403","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-404","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-109?utm_source=chatgpt.com","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-403?utm_source=chatgpt.com","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-404?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S015","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-109 ; https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-403 ; https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/336.9-404","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh scope/exclusions and defense/nondefense/consumer-law provisions. No actual assignment or HDC decision."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"336.9-109(a)–(d), .9-403(a)–(f), .9-404(a)–(e) operative bodies read across packets. Scope/exclusions and consumer/notice qualifications preserved."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S016","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/332.31","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/332.37","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/332.31?utm_source=chatgpt.com","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/332.37?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S016","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/332.31 ; https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/332.37","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh narrow actor definitions, particularly subds.3,6,8, and §.37(a)(24)/(b). No credential or communications rerun."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"332.31 subdivisions3/6/8 and 332.37(a) introduction/(24)/(b) freshly read; buyer exception list does not exclude(a)(24). Other current collection exemptions not certified."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S017","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2013/0/104/","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2013/0/104/?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S017","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Legislature/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2013/0/104/","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh §§2–3, their separate effect clauses and signature; §2 effective Aug.1,2013, §3 separately Sept.1."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"2013c104 section2 and its Aug1,2013 effect; section3 beginning and tail/own Sept1 application and signature. Section3 middle lines300–313 not read; no whole act certification."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S018","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2004/0/211/","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2004/0/211/?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S018","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Legislature/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2004/0/211/","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh complete uniform-conflicts enactment §§1–7 and signature; incident applicability Aug.1,2004."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"2004c211 sections2–7 complete selected enacted bodies/effect, lines266–313; section1 tail only, independently complete current541.30 in02. Signature footer not freshly authenticated."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S019","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2024/0/93/","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2024/0/93/?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S019","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Legislature/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2024/0/93/","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh selected UCC amendments and article11 §§3–4 transition text. Not complete act or every transition exception."},"coordinator_verification_status":"not_reopened_researcher_attributed_with_hold","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"2024c93 selected UCC/transition enactment not reopened; current336.2-102 body checked, older application H01/H06 held."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S020","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2019/0/59/","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2019/0/59/?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S020","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Legislature/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2019/0/59/","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh §7 original time-barred-action prohibition and adjacent boundary. Original general effective-date classification not completed."},"coordinator_verification_status":"not_reopened_researcher_attributed_with_hold","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"2019c59 section7 not reopened; current prohibition and 2021 extension independently checked. Original general effective-date classification remains held."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S021","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2021/1/4/","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2021/1/4/?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S021","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Legislature/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2021/1/4/","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh article5 §§1–3 and17 with express Aug.1,2021 dates. No full omnibus act read."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"2021specialc4 article5 sections1–3 complete selected definitions/own Aug1,2021 dates, lines1561–1596; section17 introduction and prohibition/exception tail/effect across09/11. No full omnibus act."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S022","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2021/0/3/","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2021/0/3/?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S022","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Legislature/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2021/0/3/","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh complete §1 amending 2020 emergency deadline provision, own effect/applicability and signature. Effective Feb.13,2021."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"2021c3 section1 complete selected emergency amendment/applicability/effect/signature, lines261–275; Feb12 signature/next-day effect, limited historical window."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S023","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/2026/table2?full=&page=5&per_page=500&year=2026","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/2026/table2?full=&page=6&per_page=500&year=2026","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/2026/table2?full&page=5&per_page=500&year=2026&utm_source=chatgpt.com","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/2026/table2?full&page=6&per_page=500&year=2026&utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S023","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/2026/table2?full=&page=5&per_page=500&year=2026 ; https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/2026/table2?full=&page=6&per_page=500&year=2026","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh targeted Chapter332/336/541 ranges. Index-only regular-session check; not all-later-law certification."},"coordinator_verification_status":"mixed_fresh_selected_and_dated_same_coordinator_reuse","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"Fresh regular2026 index page5 lines283–311 including332.32 amendment and336.7-209/.9-317; page6 selected533→559→580 range reused from SAME coordinator MN16 at15:38:02.231497Z. No full page5/page6, special-session or complete later-law certification."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S024","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/3/","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/3/?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S024","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Minnesota court rules/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/3/","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh complete Rule3.01–.02 and current amendment note."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"Rule3.01–.02 complete operative selected body lines246–270 and amendment note/comment distinction."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S025","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/4/","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/4/?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S025","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Court rules/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/4/","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh Rule4.05(a)–(e), relevant proof distinction; full service/publication dossier deferred."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"Rule4.05(a)–(e) complete selected body lines363–394; waiver signing/return/filing distinguished from request mailing, relevant comment/proof only."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S026","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/5/","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/5/?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S026","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Court rules/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/5/","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh Rule5.04(a)–(d) and necessary current filing language."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"Rule5.04(a)–(d) complete selected body lines272–284, one-year filing and narrow rejection relation-back conditions."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S027","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/6/","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/645.15","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/6/?utm_source=chatgpt.com","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/645.15?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S027","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Court rules/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/6/ ; https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/645.15","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh relevant counting and endpoint provisions. No real calendar or broad enlargement ruling."},"coordinator_verification_status":"mixed_fresh_selected_and_dated_same_coordinator_reuse","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"Fresh645.15 complete operative body lines250–255. Rule6.01(a)–(e) reused from SAME coordinator MN16 at15:38:02.231497Z, not a newly reopened full rule here. No actual closure/service calendar."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S028","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/8/","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/8/?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S028","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Court rules/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/8/","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh Rule8.03 affirmative defenses."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"Rule8.03 complete selected affirmative-defense body lines252–253; no universal waiver/default ruling."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S029","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/12/","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/12/?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S029","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Court rules/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/12/","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh Rule12.02–.03 relevant pleading/outside-material conversion provisions."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"Rule12.02–.03 operative selected body lines254–270 including outside-material conversion and opportunity."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S030","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/56/","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/56/?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S030","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Court rules/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/cp/id/56/","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh Rule56.01 and relevant56.03 record-support provisions. No actual motion evaluated."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"Rule56.01 and56.03(a)–(d) complete selected operative bodies, record/personal-knowledge/competence support. No actual summary judgment."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S031","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/gp/id/505/","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/gp/id/505/?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S031","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Court rules/Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/court_rules/gp/id/505/","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh complete conciliation commencement rule. Jurisdiction and full Rules506–507 application not certified."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"GeneralPractice505 complete operative body lines243–245; jurisdiction plus statement/fee or affidavit."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S032","urls":["https://mncourts.gov/_media/migration/appellate/supreme-court/recentrulesorders/oradm048001-062920.pdf","https://mncourts.gov/_media/migration/appellate/supreme-court/recentrulesorders/oradm048001-062920.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S032","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Minnesota Supreme Court — https://mncourts.gov/_media/migration/appellate/supreme-court/recentrulesorders/oradm048001-062920.pdf","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh final June29,2020 order pp.1–3 and relevant attachment; six-page PDF. Rule3 effective Sept.1,2020; Rule5 change Jan.1,2021. Relevant page visually inspected."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"Direct final-order URL initially failed, official directory link85 then recovered SAME six-page PDF. Actual pp1–3 lines0–68 read; pp4 Rule5.04 beginning through96, not full remaining attachment. Sept1,2020 Rule3 vs Jan1,2021 Rule5 effect/applicability checked. No coordinator pixel-inspection claim."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S033","urls":["https://mncourts.gov/_media/migration/appellate/supreme-court/recentrulesorders/Administrative-Order-Rules-Conciliation-2026.pdf","https://mncourts.gov/_media/migration/appellate/supreme-court/recentrulesorders/Administrative-Order-Rules-Conciliation-2026.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S033","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Minnesota Supreme Court — https://mncourts.gov/_media/migration/appellate/supreme-court/recentrulesorders/Administrative-Order-Rules-Conciliation-2026.pdf","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh final order pp.1–3 and Rules503/505–507 attachment portions; 27-page PDF. Effective July1,2026; relevant page visually inspected."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"Direct URL initially failed, official directory link22 recovered SAME27-page final PDF. Actual pp1–3 order/effect and selected503/505/506/507 attachment lines0–85,77–192 read. July1,2026 effective; comments not court approved. No whole27-page or coordinator pixel-inspection claim."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S034","urls":["https://delcode.delaware.gov/title10/c081/index.html","https://delcode.delaware.gov/title10/c081/index.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S034","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Delaware General Assembly, official code — https://delcode.delaware.gov/title10/c081/index.html","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh §§8106,8108–8109,8117–8118 and necessary surrounding exceptions. Current displayed body; no through-date or complete judicial-construction certificate."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"Official Delaware8106(a)–(c),8108–09,8117–18 complete selected operative bodies. Surrounding8121 seen but not imported as foreign conflict rule. No judicial construction/actual borrowing approved."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S035","urls":["https://www.consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/regulations/1006/26/","https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/chapter-X/part-1006/subpart-B/section-1006.26","https://www.consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/regulations/1006/26/?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S035","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"CFPB/OFR — https://www.consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/regulations/1006/26/ ; https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/chapter-X/part-1006/subpart-B/section-1006.26","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh complete operative rule. eCFR current through Oct.23,2026."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"CFPB1006.26 complete operative body lines48–53 including bankruptcy proof-of-claim exclusion. Separate eCFR URL/current-through-Oct23 representation NOT freshly authenticated."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S036","urls":["https://www.consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/regulations/1006/2/","https://www.consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/regulations/1006/2/?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S036","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"CFPB — https://www.consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/regulations/1006/2/","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh relevant consumer/debt/creditor/debt-collector definitions and official interpretation. Full actor/exemption dossier deferred."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"CFPB1006.2(e),(g),(h),(i)(1)–(2) and displayed relevant official interpretation, lines68–110. Principal-purpose/regular-other-debt and exclusions retained. No actual covered actor determination."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S037","urls":["https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/01/19/2020-28422/debt-collection-practices-regulation-f","https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/01/19/2020-28422/debt-collection-practices-regulation-f?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S037","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"CFPB,86FR5766 — https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/01/19/2020-28422/debt-collection-practices-regulation-f","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh effective-date statement and time-barred-debt final explanation, particularly printed pp.5780–5781. HTML body; not whole final rule/PDF read."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"86FR5766 selected final time-barred-debt explanation lines378–414 incl strict liability/bona-fide-error discussion. No whole final rule/PDF certification."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S038","urls":["https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/09/01/2021-18799/debt-collection-practices-regulation-f-withdrawal-of-proposal-to-delay-effective-date","https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/09/01/2021-18799/debt-collection-practices-regulation-f-withdrawal-of-proposal-to-delay-effective-date?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S038","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"CFPB,86FR48918 — https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/09/01/2021-18799/debt-collection-practices-regulation-f-withdrawal-of-proposal-to-delay-effective-date","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh withdrawal/effective-date explanation. Proposed delay withdrawn; operative Nov.30,2021 date preserved."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"86FR48918 withdrawal notice selected action/summary/effective-date explanation lines103–124; proposed Jan29,2022 delay not operative Nov30,2021 date."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S039","urls":["https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1981/81-468-1.html","https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/59149173add7b0493458871c/amp","https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1981/81-468-1.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com","https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/59149173add7b0493458871c/amp?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S039","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Published Minnesota majority republication — https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1981/81-468-1.html ; https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/59149173add7b0493458871c/amp","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh complete Honn majority and disposition,311N.W.2d1,2–3. Same opinion, not independent corroborations."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"Honn republication complete published majority/disposition lines63–85 plus identity. Optional acceleration/installments; other cited opinions not independently reopened. Second republication not separate corroboration."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S040","urls":["https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1942/213-minn-505.html","https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1942/213-minn-505.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S040","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Published majority republication — https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1942/213-minn-505.html","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh Bernloehr majority,213Minn.505,507–09 and disposition. Historical note law."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"Bernloehr republication complete historical majority/disposition lines50–74, authority/acknowledgment/payment. Not modern consumer post-expiration revival."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S041","urls":["https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/mn-court-of-appeals/1168948.html","https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/mn-court-of-appeals/1168948.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S041","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Published majority republication — https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/mn-court-of-appeals/1168948.html","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh Windschitl analysis/disposition;579N.W.2d499. Secured contract setting used only for narrow allocation principle."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"Windschitl selected complete substantive majority/disposition lines64–115 and footnotes117–123; current installments/rejected tender/historical context."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S042","urls":["https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1958/37-113.html","https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1958/37-113.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S042","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Published majority republication — https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1958/37-113.html","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh Meagher relevant majority pp.487–93 and new-trial disposition."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"Meagher selected majority account-stated analysis pp483–495 in returned lines83–143/153–165; gap144–152 not read. New-trial disposition read. No whole opinion/each quoted underlying case claim."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S043","urls":["https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/mn-court-of-appeals/1880382.html","https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/mn-court-of-appeals/1880382.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S043","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Published majority republication — https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/mn-court-of-appeals/1880382.html","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh Trebelhorn sectionII.B and disposition;905N.W.2d237. Commercial sale, not universal consumer/UCC holding."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"Trebelhorn published body sectionII.B lines121–142 and disposition/footnote150–157; actual header/full caption lines49–66. Same petroleum goods claim cannot escape Article2 period by label. Substantive account-stated elements not reached. Reporter905NW2d237 remains researcher-attributed; no new reporter scan."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S044","urls":["https://mn.gov/web/prod/static/lawlib/live/archive/supct/0909/OPA082124-0903.pdf","https://mn.gov/web/prod/static/lawlib/live/archive/supct/0909/OPA082124-0903.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S044","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Minnesota Supreme Court official archive — https://mn.gov/web/prod/static/lawlib/live/archive/supct/0909/OPA082124-0903.pdf","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh Fleeger official ten-page majority, relevant pp.7–10; page8 visually inspected."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"Fleeger official ten-page PDF identity/certified-question posture and selected majority pp7–10 lines136–230; initial facts/syllabus selected0–88. Exact preAug1,2004 incident limitation, not all modern contracts. No whole opinion or coordinator screenshot claim."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S045","urls":["https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1956/36-816.html","https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1956/36-816.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S045","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Published majority republication — https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1956/36-816.html","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh Bode relevant pp.463–66 and disposition; old lex loci discussion qualified by S046."},"coordinator_verification_status":"not_reopened_researcher_attributed_with_hold","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"Bode published opinion not reopened; contract-choice construction/actual clause validity held."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S046","urls":["https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1983/co-82-469-2.html","https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1983/co-82-469-2.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S046","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Published majority republication — https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1983/co-82-469-2.html","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh Milbank relevant pp.163–64, footnote4 and disposition."},"coordinator_verification_status":"not_reopened_researcher_attributed_with_hold","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"Milbank published opinion not reopened; no fresh certification of old lex loci replacement history."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S047","urls":["https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1975/44238-1.html","https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1975/44238-1.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S047","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Published majority republication — https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1975/44238-1.html","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh Wild concealment/diligence portion,234N.W.2d794–95, and disposition; separate writing not adopted."},"coordinator_verification_status":"not_reopened_researcher_attributed_with_hold","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"Wild published opinion not reopened; statutory fraud-discovery text checked but concealment/diligence case doctrine remains researcher-attributed."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S048","urls":["https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914cba2add7b04934803fb0"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S048","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Published majority republication — https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914cba2add7b04934803fb0","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh Albachten majority from opinion through “Affirmed”; dissent separately identified and excluded.3N.W.2d783."},"coordinator_verification_status":"not_reopened_researcher_attributed_with_hold","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"Albachten published opinion not reopened; modern estoppel/inducement interplay explicitly H04 held."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S049","urls":["https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/2018/a16-0712.html","https://cases.justia.com/minnesota/supreme-court/2018-a16-0712.pdf?ts=1516815106","https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/2018/a16-0712.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com","https://cases.justia.com/minnesota/supreme-court/2018-a16-0712.pdf?ts=1516815106&utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S049","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Published majority republication — https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/2018/a16-0712.html ; https://cases.justia.com/minnesota/supreme-court/2018-a16-0712.pdf?ts=1516815106","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh Cox majority relevant slip pp.8–14 and disposition; PDF page visually inspected. Dissent not used. Old Rule3 version distinguished."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"Cox published majority selected pp9–14 lines89–109 plus identity/syllabus/intro; pp8 earlier analysis and separate PDF not newly read. Fax/old rule vs actual service/personal jurisdiction/possible limitations bar separated. Dissent excluded."},{"source_id":"S_MN-P15-S050","urls":["https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.12","https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.12?utm_source=chatgpt.com"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_MN-P15-S050","Issuer and complete HTTPS URL":"Revisor — https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.12","Actual read scope, version/effect and limitation":"Fresh repeal notice. Not used as current commencement authority."},"coordinator_verification_status":"fresh_selected_checked_with_explicit_bounds","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]","coordinator_scope":"541.12 complete repeal notice line251; not current commencement authority."}],"coverage":[{"topic":"V01","researcher_record":{"Row":"V01","Requested issue":"Consumer six-year rule","Result":"Established textually","Claims/hold":"C002","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual consumer purpose/obligation"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V02","researcher_record":{"Row":"V02","Requested issue":"Written contract","Result":"Established general rule","Claims/hold":"C003","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual contract and special statute"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V03","researcher_record":{"Row":"V03","Requested issue":"Oral contract","Result":"No shorter period from label","Claims/hold":"C003","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Enforceability and terms"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V04","researcher_record":{"Row":"V04","Requested issue":"One-sided open account","Result":"Classification required","Claims/hold":"C007,H01","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual reciprocal demands or absence thereof"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V05","researcher_record":{"Row":"V05","Requested issue":"Mutual account","Result":"Statutory last-item rule read","Claims/hold":"C007","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Proved items on each side"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V06","researcher_record":{"Row":"V06","Requested issue":"Account stated assent","Result":"Published construction read","Claims/hold":"C008","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual conduct and agreement"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V07","researcher_record":{"Row":"V07","Requested issue":"Mere statement/restatement","Result":"No automatic new clock","Claims/hold":"C008–C009","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual new obligation versus relabeling"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V08","researcher_record":{"Row":"V08","Requested issue":"Consumer card classification","Result":"Partial","Claims/hold":"C015,H02","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Operative card terms and events"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V09","researcher_record":{"Row":"V09","Requested issue":"Goods claim","Result":"Four-year framework read","Claims/hold":"C004","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Article2 applicability"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V10","researcher_record":{"Row":"V10","Requested issue":"Consumer/UCC interaction","Result":"Textual architecture; application held","Claims/hold":"H01","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Responsive precise construction"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V11","researcher_record":{"Row":"V11","Requested issue":"Hybrid transaction","Result":"Current scope read","Claims/hold":"C005","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Predominant/segregable aspects and transition"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V12","researcher_record":{"Row":"V12","Requested issue":"Negotiable note","Result":"Definition and period read","Claims/hold":"C006","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual instrument"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V13","researcher_record":{"Row":"V13","Requested issue":"Demand note","Result":"Statutory rule read","Claims/hold":"C006,C013","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Demand/payment history"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V14","researcher_record":{"Row":"V14","Requested issue":"Non-UCC demand obligation","Result":"Unresolved generally","Claims/hold":"H02","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Contract and responsive accrual authority"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V15","researcher_record":{"Row":"V15","Requested issue":"Single maturity","Result":"Conditional accrual established","Claims/hold":"C010","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual due/breach date"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V16","researcher_record":{"Row":"V16","Requested issue":"Installments","Result":"Separate accrual holding read","Claims/hold":"C011","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Schedule and allocations"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V17","researcher_record":{"Row":"V17","Requested issue":"Missed minimum payment","Result":"Partial","Claims/hold":"C015,H02","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual revolving terms"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V18","researcher_record":{"Row":"V18","Requested issue":"Optional acceleration","Result":"Exercise required","Claims/hold":"C012","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual conditions and unequivocal act"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V19","researcher_record":{"Row":"V19","Requested issue":"Automatic acceleration","Result":"Conditional boundary","Claims/hold":"H02","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Valid clause and trigger"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V20","researcher_record":{"Row":"V20","Requested issue":"Balloon payment","Result":"Does not save old installments","Claims/hold":"C011","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Distinct components"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V21","researcher_record":{"Row":"V21","Requested issue":"Demand/collection letter","Result":"No universal reset","Claims/hold":"C013–C014","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual legal effect"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V22","researcher_record":{"Row":"V22","Requested issue":"Charge-off","Result":"Not universal accrual","Claims/hold":"C014","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Contractual event, if any"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V23","researcher_record":{"Row":"V23","Requested issue":"Assignment date","Result":"Not automatic restart","Claims/hold":"C014,C031","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual transfer and defenses"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V24","researcher_record":{"Row":"V24","Requested issue":"2004 conflicts transition","Result":"Established","Claims/hold":"C016","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual incident date"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V25","researcher_record":{"Row":"V25","Requested issue":"Substantive-law selection","Result":"Framework established","Claims/hold":"C017,H03","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual clause/contacts"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V26","researcher_record":{"Row":"V26","Requested issue":"Borrowed accrual/tolling","Result":"Established","Claims/hold":"C018","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Selected jurisdiction’s actual law"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V27","researcher_record":{"Row":"V27","Requested issue":"Foreign conflicts rules","Result":"Not automatically imported","Claims/hold":"C018","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Applicable Minnesota selection"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V28","researcher_record":{"Row":"V28","Requested issue":"Resident-original-owner exception","Result":"Established","Claims/hold":"C019","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Residence and ownership since accrual"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V29","researcher_record":{"Row":"V29","Requested issue":"Unfairness exception","Result":"Text read","Claims/hold":"C020","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Required court findings"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V30","researcher_record":{"Row":"V30","Requested issue":"Consumer override","Result":"Established","Claims/hold":"C021","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual covered consumer claim"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V31","researcher_record":{"Row":"V31","Requested issue":"Contractual choice clause","Result":"Conditional","Claims/hold":"C022,H03","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Validity, relation, mandatory protections"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V32","researcher_record":{"Row":"V32","Requested issue":"Old lex loci approach","Result":"Not current default","Claims/hold":"C023","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual current choice analysis"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V33","researcher_record":{"Row":"V33","Requested issue":"Pre2004 procedural characterization","Result":"Historical holding read","Claims/hold":"C024","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Transition facts"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V34","researcher_record":{"Row":"V34","Requested issue":"UCC choice provision","Result":"Read","Claims/hold":"C022","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Enumerated special choice provisions if implicated"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V35","researcher_record":{"Row":"V35","Requested issue":"Delaware ordinary period","Result":"Actual primary body read","Claims/hold":"C025","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Classification and accrual"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V36","researcher_record":{"Row":"V36","Requested issue":"Delaware note/acknowledgment exception","Result":"Read","Claims/hold":"C025","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual instrument/signature"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V37","researcher_record":{"Row":"V37","Requested issue":"Delaware absence/saving","Result":"Body read, application held","Claims/hold":"H03","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Service availability and controlling construction"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V38","researcher_record":{"Row":"V38","Requested issue":"Consumer antiwaiver","Result":"No blanket waiver permission","Claims/hold":"C034,H03","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual clause and authority"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V39","researcher_record":{"Row":"V39","Requested issue":"Signed acknowledgment","Result":"Statutory condition established","Claims/hold":"C026","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Authorship, signature, content, authority"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V40","researcher_record":{"Row":"V40","Requested issue":"Electronic signature","Result":"Not determined","Claims/hold":"H04","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Applicable signature law and facts"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V41","researcher_record":{"Row":"V41","Requested issue":"Unsigned promise","Result":"No automatic §541.17 effect","Claims/hold":"C026","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Separate valid doctrine"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V42","researcher_record":{"Row":"V42","Requested issue":"Pre-expiration payment","Result":"Conditional doctrine read","Claims/hold":"C027","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual voluntary acknowledgment"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V43","researcher_record":{"Row":"V43","Requested issue":"Post-expiration consumer payment","Result":"Anti-revival established","Claims/hold":"C028","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Proof expiration occurred"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V44","researcher_record":{"Row":"V44","Requested issue":"Post-expiration written reaffirmation","Result":"Anti-revival established","Claims/hold":"C028","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Same"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V45","researcher_record":{"Row":"V45","Requested issue":"Nondebtor/co-obligor payment","Result":"Authority/ratification needed","Claims/hold":"C029","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual authorization evidence"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V46","researcher_record":{"Row":"V46","Requested issue":"Installment allocation","Result":"Published rule read","Claims/hold":"C030","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual payment designation"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V47","researcher_record":{"Row":"V47","Requested issue":"Unaccepted tender","Result":"Balance/acknowledgment separated","Claims/hold":"C030,H04","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual acceptance and modern legal effect"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V48","researcher_record":{"Row":"V48","Requested issue":"Validation/settlement communication","Result":"No automatic acknowledgment","Claims/hold":"H04","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual words and circumstances"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V49","researcher_record":{"Row":"V49","Requested issue":"Assignment-defense scope","Result":"Read conditionally","Claims/hold":"C031,H05","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Article9 scope and actual transfer"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V50","researcher_record":{"Row":"V50","Requested issue":"Nondefense/HDC exception","Result":"Not fully adjudicated","Claims/hold":"H05","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual conditions and unexamined cross-references"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V51","researcher_record":{"Row":"V51","Requested issue":"Purchase-price credit","Result":"Not debtor payment","Claims/hold":"C032","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Any actual separate credit agreement"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V52","researcher_record":{"Row":"V52","Requested issue":"Buyer definition/activity","Result":"Fresh narrow read","Claims/hold":"C033","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual charged-off purchase purpose"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V53","researcher_record":{"Row":"V53","Requested issue":"Buyer-specific suit restriction","Result":"Established","Claims/hold":"C033","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual actor and expired period"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V54","researcher_record":{"Row":"V54","Requested issue":"Original-creditor anti-revival","Result":"Not buyer-limited","Claims/hold":"C028","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual consumer obligation"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V55","researcher_record":{"Row":"V55","Requested issue":"Absence tolling","Result":"Conditions read","Claims/hold":"C035","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Process availability/diligent search"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V56","researcher_record":{"Row":"V56","Requested issue":"Plaintiff disability","Result":"Conditions/limits read","Claims/hold":"C036","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual disability and dates"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V57","researcher_record":{"Row":"V57","Requested issue":"Injunction/statutory prohibition","Result":"Text read","Claims/hold":"C036","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual prohibition; separate federal overlays"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V58","researcher_record":{"Row":"V58","Requested issue":"Death saving","Result":"Text read","Claims/hold":"C037","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Estate-presentation law and dates"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V59","researcher_record":{"Row":"V59","Requested issue":"Fraud discovery","Result":"Actual fraud only","Claims/hold":"C038","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual cause and discovery facts"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V60","researcher_record":{"Row":"V60","Requested issue":"Fraudulent concealment","Result":"Diligence/claimant proof read","Claims/hold":"C038","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual concealment and diligence"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V61","researcher_record":{"Row":"V61","Requested issue":"Equitable estoppel","Result":"Historical holding; modern overlap held","Claims/hold":"C039,H04","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Reliance/prejudice and §541.053 reconciliation"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V62","researcher_record":{"Row":"V62","Requested issue":"§541.18 saving","Result":"Narrow conditions established","Claims/hold":"C040","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual timely action/judgment/reversal"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V63","researcher_record":{"Row":"V63","Requested issue":"Dismissal without prejudice","Result":"No generic one-year saving","Claims/hold":"C040","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Other actual saving authority"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V64","researcher_record":{"Row":"V64","Requested issue":"UCC six-month saving","Result":"Conditions/exclusions read","Claims/hold":"C041","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual termination and classification"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V65","researcher_record":{"Row":"V65","Requested issue":"Emergency deadlines","Result":"Historical window read","Claims/hold":"C042","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual otherwise-expiring deadline"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V66","researcher_record":{"Row":"V66","Requested issue":"Actual-service commencement","Result":"Established","Claims/hold":"C043","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Valid service record"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V67","researcher_record":{"Row":"V67","Requested issue":"Signed waiver commencement","Result":"Established","Claims/hold":"C043","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Compliant waiver and dates"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V68","researcher_record":{"Row":"V68","Requested issue":"Sheriff delivery/60days","Result":"Current rule established","Claims/hold":"C044","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Proper county/method/service"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V69","researcher_record":{"Row":"V69","Requested issue":"Cox/2020 amendment","Result":"Reconciled historically","Claims/hold":"C045","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"No old-text substitution"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V70","researcher_record":{"Row":"V70","Requested issue":"One-year filing requirement","Result":"Read","Claims/hold":"C046","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual filing/stipulation"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V71","researcher_record":{"Row":"V71","Requested issue":"Rejected filing relation","Result":"Limited rule read","Claims/hold":"C046","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual rejection ground and court relief"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V72","researcher_record":{"Row":"V72","Requested issue":"Conciliation commencement","Result":"Current rule/order read","Claims/hold":"C047","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Jurisdiction and required statement/fee predicate"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V73","researcher_record":{"Row":"V73","Requested issue":"Counting/holidays","Result":"Rules read; model dates checked","Claims/hold":"C048","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual trigger and endpoint"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V74","researcher_record":{"Row":"V74","Requested issue":"Affirmative defense","Result":"Established","Claims/hold":"C049","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual pleading and procedural posture"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V75","researcher_record":{"Row":"V75","Requested issue":"Pleading dismissal/conversion","Result":"Established generally","Claims/hold":"C050","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual materials considered"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V76","researcher_record":{"Row":"V76","Requested issue":"Summary-judgment proof","Result":"Established generally","Claims/hold":"C051","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual admissible record"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V77","researcher_record":{"Row":"V77","Requested issue":"Ultimate burden in disputed modern account","Result":"Partial","Claims/hold":"C052,H07","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Responsive precise authority"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V78","researcher_record":{"Row":"V78","Requested issue":"Federal collector/debt coverage","Result":"Narrow definitions read","Claims/hold":"C053","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual actor/consumer facts"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V79","researcher_record":{"Row":"V79","Requested issue":"Federal time-barred suit/threat rule","Result":"Established","Claims/hold":"C054","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual expired period"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V80","researcher_record":{"Row":"V80","Requested issue":"Debt existence/reporting/judgment duration","Result":"Kept distinct","Claims/hold":"C055","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Separate regimes deferred"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V81","researcher_record":{"Row":"V81","Requested issue":"Published case/currentness register","Result":"Completed with limits","Claims/hold":"C056,C061,H08","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Complete later-law/citator review not performed"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V82","researcher_record":{"Row":"V82","Requested issue":"Twenty fictional postures","Result":"Completed","Claims/hold":"C062","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"No actual eligibility"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V83","researcher_record":{"Row":"V83","Requested issue":"M01 maturity/installments/acceleration","Result":"Completed conditionally","Claims/hold":"C057","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual terms/exercise absent"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V84","researcher_record":{"Row":"V84","Requested issue":"M02 choice/borrowing","Result":"Completed with foreign-law hold","Claims/hold":"C058,H03","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual selection/tolling"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V85","researcher_record":{"Row":"V85","Requested issue":"M03 payment/promise/assignment","Result":"Completed conditionally","Claims/hold":"C059,H04–H05","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual authority/content"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V86","researcher_record":{"Row":"V86","Requested issue":"M04 commencement/saving","Result":"Completed conditionally","Claims/hold":"C060,H07","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Actual service and judgment history"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V87","researcher_record":{"Row":"V87","Requested issue":"P01/inventory/parent crosswalk","Result":"Preserved below","Claims/hold":"C063","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"No invented original limitations row"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V88","researcher_record":{"Row":"V88","Requested issue":"Actual records, local/tribal/territorial/foreign facts","Result":"Not examined","Claims/hold":"H08,C064","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Separate actual facts and governing law"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V89","researcher_record":{"Row":"V89","Requested issue":"Provider fees, credentials, contacts, funds, enforcement, secured/sector and full litigation families","Result":"Deferred","Claims/hold":"C064","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Separate authorized components"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"},{"topic":"V90","researcher_record":{"Row":"V90","Requested issue":"Full-state/parent/A066/A097/A098 acceptance","Result":"Not established","Claims/hold":"C064","Exact next evidence where incomplete":"Remaining dimensions remain open"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_review_complete_with_holds_no_component_or_parent_acceptance","coordinator_review":"[internal evidence reference]"}],"annotations":{"at":"2026-10-27T16:03:01.698316+00:00","review":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","disposition":"accepted_with_limits","raw_originals_unchanged":true,"material_correction_required":false,"caption_locator":"Published page title TREBELHORN v. RTS LLC; actual full caption includes Abhishek Agrawal and RTS Financial Group LLC as respondents. Report alternate shortened Agrawal label identifies same URL/opinion; not a holding error. Reporter citation not separately authenticated.","unreopened_groups":["S019","S020","S045","S046","S047","S048"],"all_H01_H08_preserved":true,"no_parent_acceptance":true},"corrections":[],"resolved_corrections":[],"review_history":[{"id":"S_MN-P15-limitations-accrual-borrowing-payment-commencement-20261027","status":"scoped_review_complete_accepted_with_limits_all_H01_H08_preserved","at":"2026-10-27T16:03:01.698316+00:00"}]}