{"meta":{"key":"s_ks--pass-15","task":"S_KS","title":"Kansas ordinary consumer-debt lawsuit standing, assignment chain, debt proof, account/instrument records, and evidence","parent_title":"Kansas debt and debt relief law","edition":"pass-15","path":"/research/s_ks--pass-15/","kind":"split_pass","category":"state","role":"state","area_numbers":[66],"groups":["collections"],"date":"2026-10-26","tables":14,"claims":58,"sources":25,"review_status":"revise","review_complete":true,"sha256":"50a5d6b478c28d814b59b1096d5aef13634d85e672f7548cc4ceec6ffb5b137b","headings":["Kansas ordinary consumer-debt lawsuit standing, assignment chain, debt proof, account/instrument records, and evidence","A1. The concepts must remain distinct","A2. Plaintiff-model matrix","Important instrument distinction","A3. Assignment-chain requirements","Assignment restrictions","Prelitigation notice is not the complete court-proof rule","B1. Chapter 60","B2. Chapter 61 limited action","B3. Small claims","B4. Pleading versus evidence matrix","C1. Original-creditor contract claim","Credit-card example authority","C2. Assignee or debt-buyer contract claim","C3. Servicer claim","C4. Account stated","C5. Open account","C6. Installment claim","C7. Negotiable-instrument claim","Instrument matrix","C8. Balance and damages","Illustrative balance","C9. Admissions, stipulations, and default","Admissions in pleadings","Requests for admission","Default","D1. Five separate evidence questions","D2. Authentication","D3. Kansas business-record exception","D4. Third-party and predecessor records","Multiple hearsay","D5. Certification without live testimony","D6. Self-authentication is not merits proof","D7. Original, duplicate, and electronic records","D8. Affidavits and declarations","E1. Chapter 60 discovery matrix","Discovery is not a court response","E2. Chapter 61 discovery","E3. Discovery enforcement and sanctions","E4. Summary judgment","I1. Original creditor with complete records","I2. Assignee with generic bill of sale but no account link","I3. Assignee with account-linked chain","I4. Servicer relying on predecessor records","I5. Executive affidavit without adequate foundation","I6. Lost negotiable note","I7. Disputed fee and credit ledger","I8. Admissible record versus merits defense","I9. Discovery request versus court-response deadline","I10. Requests for admission","Actually read or inspected in PASS-15","Access and currentness limits","Not read or obtained","Numeric self-check","Method limits","PASS-15 conclusion"],"generation_provenance":{"actual_route":"regular_chat_adaptive_models","actual_model":"GPT-5.6 Sol","actual_mode":"Pro","provenance_limit":"Actual documented capture labels only; missing labels remain unknown. No preferred setting is inferred as actual execution."},"public_id":"S_KS/pass-15","facets":{"geography":["us","us-ks"],"debt_type":[],"stage":["lawsuit"],"subject":["ownership-transfer","proof-evidence"]},"scope":"Ordinary Kansas standing/realparty/assignmentchain/account-instrumentproof/authentication/hearsay/necessarydiscovery evidencecomponent","pending_corrections":5},"markdown":"# SettleADebt.com — S_KS, PASS-15\n\n## Kansas ordinary consumer-debt lawsuit standing, assignment chain, debt proof, account/instrument records, and evidence\n\n**Fresh research date:** October 26, 2026, Pacific / October 26, 2026, UTC\n**Actual model:** GPT-5.6 Sol Pro\n**Review character:** Same-project continuation in this original authorized Chat; **not an independent review**\n**Component boundary:** Ordinary unsecured contract, revolving-credit, open-account, account-stated, installment, and necessary negotiable-instrument claims in Kansas Chapter 60, Chapter 61 limited-action, and eligible small-claims proceedings.\n\nPASS-06, PASS-07, PASS-09, PASS-11, PASS-12, PASS-13, and PASS-14 remain saved but unreviewed and are not adopted as legal premises. The statutes and decisions relied on below were read for this component.\n\nThis pass does **not** complete provider licensing, collection conduct, prelitigation validation, credit reporting, limitation classification, service/default procedure, arbitration, secured-credit remedies, medical or government debt, assignment-contract merits, full interest-and-fee legality, appeals, judgment liens, dormancy, garnishment, exemptions, local law, or tribal law.\n\n# Executive determination\n\nA Kansas debt plaintiff must prove more than the existence of a spreadsheet, a collection letter, a charge-off entry, or a company label saying “debt buyer.” The required proof depends on the plaintiff, claim, route, and litigation stage:\n\n1. **Standing** asks whether the plaintiff has a legally cognizable stake and authority to invoke the court.\n2. **Real party in interest** asks whether the claim is being prosecuted by the person who possesses the right sought to be enforced or by another statutorily authorized plaintiff.\n3. **Capacity or authority** asks whether an entity, trustee, agent, servicer, or representative can sue in the claimed role.\n4. **Assignment evidence** asks whether the right actually passed through the asserted transfer chain and whether the particular consumer account was included.\n5. **Admissibility** asks whether each record is authenticated, nonhearsay or within an exception, and compliant with Kansas’s original-or-duplicate rules.\n6. **Merits proof** asks whether the admitted evidence actually establishes assent, applicable terms, performance, default, lawful components of the balance, credits, payments, settlement effects, and damages.\n\nSatisfying one gate does not satisfy the others. A properly authenticated spreadsheet can still fail to prove assignment. A valid bill of sale can fail to link the consumer’s account to the sold portfolio. An admissible ledger can include an unauthorized fee. A record can satisfy the business-record exception but remain too incomplete to prove the balance. [Kansas Legislature+3](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0017_section/060_002_0017_k/)\n\nKansas’s burden changes by stage:\n\n- At the pleading stage, well-pleaded general allegations can be enough to survive dismissal.\n- At summary judgment, the plaintiff cannot rest on allegations and must present specific admissible evidence.\n- At trial, contested ownership, authority, terms, default, and damages must be proved through admitted evidence.\n- At default, failure to deny can admit well-pleaded liability allegations, but the court may still require proof of damages, accounting, or entitlement to the precise relief. [Justia Law+2](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/2017/111235.html)\n\nA Kansas assignee ordinarily must establish that an assignment occurred and conveyed the claim being prosecuted. K.S.A. 60-217 permits ratification, joinder, or substitution to cure some real-party-in-interest defects after objection. But that cure provision does not guarantee that a party that lacked a substantive right to enforce at filing can retroactively create jurisdiction in every claim. Kansas negotiable-instrument cases particularly distinguish ownership from the right to enforce and examine whether the plaintiff was entitled to enforce when suit began. [Kansas Legislature+2](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0017_section/060_002_0017_k/)\n\nKansas does **not** impose a universal rule that every consumer-debt complaint attach an original signed contract. K.S.A. 60-209 allows a written-instrument claim to be pleaded by reasonable identification and substance, reciting its contents, or attaching a copy. Pleadings ordinarily need not be verified or accompanied by an affidavit unless another rule or statute says otherwise. At proof stages, however, missing documents can matter greatly depending on the theory. An unpublished 2024 credit-card decision upheld summary judgment without a wet-ink application because the consumer’s admissions, use, statements, and affidavit evidence established the contract and balance on that record; it is not a rule that statements always suffice. [Kansas Legislature+3](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0009_section/060_002_0009_k/)\n\nKansas’s current regulatory record rule requires covered assignees, servicers, and defaulted-debt purchasers to retain extensive contracts, ledgers, assignments, charge-off data, settlement records, communications, and ownership-chain documents. Those retention duties help regulators determine compliance. They do not automatically make the records admissible and do not create a universal pretrial consumer entitlement to the complete file. The records still need authentication, hearsay treatment, and claim-specific proof foundations in court. [Kansas Bank Commissioner+3](https://osbckansas.gov/legal/uccc_2026.pdf)\n\n# A. Standing, real party in interest, capacity, and authority\n\n## A1. The concepts must remain distinct\n\n| Concept | Kansas question | Ordinary debt example | Possible cure or consequence |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **Standing** | Does the plaintiff have a personal, legally cognizable interest in enforcing the obligation? | Original creditor alleges nonpayment; assignee claims ownership; note holder claims enforcement right | Burden changes by stage; lack of standing is jurisdictional under current Kansas decisions |\n| **Real party in interest** | Is the action prosecuted by the person possessing the substantive right, or an authorized statutory representative? | Owner, trustee, executor, authorized contract party, or ratified principal | K.S.A. 60-217 allows reasonable time after objection for ratification, joinder, or substitution |\n| **Capacity** | Can the named person or entity sue in its stated legal status? | Corporation’s legal existence, trustee authority, estate representative | Must be raised by specific denial when required by K.S.A. 60-209 |\n| **Assignment** | Did the assignor transfer the particular right sued upon to the plaintiff? | Portfolio sale plus account schedule linking the consumer account | Requires actual transfer evidence; defect may sometimes be cured but not by label alone |\n| **Agency/servicing authority** | Does a nonowner have authority to prosecute in its own name or only act for the owner? | Servicer, collection agent, attorney, trust administrator | Principal may ratify or join; agent may need contractual or statutory authority |\n| **Instrument enforcement** | Is plaintiff a “person entitled to enforce” under Article 3? | Holder of note, nonholder in possession with holder rights, lost-note claimant | Ownership and enforcement entitlement are not identical |\n\nK.S.A. 60-217 provides that an executor, administrator, guardian, conservator, bailee, trustee of an express trust, receiver, party to a contract made for another’s benefit, or statutorily authorized person can sue in that person’s own name without joining the beneficiary. It also prevents dismissal for a real-party defect until a reasonable cure opportunity has been provided. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0017_section/060_002_0017_k/)\n\nK.S.A. 60-209 ordinarily excuses pleading capacity or authority affirmatively. A challenger must make a specific denial and support it with facts peculiarly within the challenger’s knowledge. That rule affects pleading; it does not relieve the plaintiff of proving disputed authority at the appropriate later stage. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0009_section/060_002_0009_k/)\n\n## A2. Plaintiff-model matrix\n\n| Plaintiff model | What generally must be shown | Common missing link | Stage consequences |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **Original creditor** | Formation or assent, its performance, debtor’s obligation, breach/default, lawful balance | Missing operative terms, incomplete payment ledger, unexplained fees, uncredited payments | Allegations may plead claim; proof required at summary judgment/trial |\n| **Debt buyer/assignee** | Original obligation plus each necessary assignment; right passed to plaintiff; particular account included | Generic bill of sale with no account-level link; incomplete ownership chain; seller identity mismatch | Assignment allegation may survive pleading; admissible chain/account-link proof needed if challenged |\n| **Servicer for current owner** | Servicing agreement, authority to act, whether servicer can sue in its own name, owner’s real-party status | Contract authorizes servicing but not suit; no ratification by owner | Owner may need ratification, joinder, or substitution |\n| **Trustee** | Trust or statutory authority and ownership or enforcement rights held for trust | Trust name alone; no transfer into trust; no trustee appointment proof | Trustee can sue if statutory/contractual role established |\n| **Collection agency as agent** | Actual authority and legal basis to prosecute in own name | Placement agreement only authorizes collection communications; creditor retains claim | Agency alone does not automatically make collector real party |\n| **Attorney for creditor** | Creditor is plaintiff; attorney appears as counsel | Attorney or firm named as plaintiff despite no ownership | Counsel status does not convey claim ownership |\n| **Holder of negotiable note** | Possession, endorsement status, and Article 3 enforcement status at relevant stage | Copy without possession proof; endorsement timing uncertain | Article 3 rules can permit enforcement without ownership |\n| **Nonholder in possession** | Possession plus transfer of holder’s enforcement rights | No evidence how transferee obtained the instrument | K.S.A. 84-3-203 proof required |\n| **Lost-instrument claimant** | Statutory lost-instrument predicates, terms, right to enforce, and adequate protection | No proof claimant/predecessor was entitled when loss occurred | Court cannot enter enforcement judgment without adequate protection |\n| **Small-claims plaintiff** | Must also satisfy Small Claims Act plaintiff/claim restrictions | Assigned debt, subrogation claim, or agent suing debt owed another | Claim can be outside statutory small-claims authority even if amount is below $10,000 |\n\nCurrent Kansas Supreme Court authority continues to describe standing as part of subject-matter jurisdiction and requires a plaintiff to demonstrate a cognizable interest and causal connection. At the pleading stage, a prima facie showing may suffice; at summary judgment and trial, evidence is required. [Justia Law+2](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/2017/111235.html)\n\n### Important instrument distinction\n\nK.S.A. 84-3-301 permits a person entitled to enforce an instrument to do so even if that person is not the owner or is in wrongful possession. Therefore:\n\nPlain text\n```\nOwnership of a negotiable note ≠ necessarily the same as right to enforce it\n```\n\nA holder, a nonholder in possession with holder rights, or a qualifying lost-instrument claimant can be entitled to enforce. Ordinary assigned contracts do not automatically receive this Article 3 treatment. [Kansas Legislature+1](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0301_section/084_003_0301_k/)\n\n## A3. Assignment-chain requirements\n\nKansas does not prescribe one universal assignment package for all ordinary debt suits. The necessary proof depends on the transfer theory. A complete chain commonly requires evidence addressing:\n\n1. Identity of the original creditor and obligation.\n2. Authority of each assignor to transfer.\n3. Terms and effective date of each assignment.\n4. Rights transferred.\n5. Identity of each assignee.\n6. Inclusion of the consumer’s particular account.\n7. Any anti-assignment, consent, or notice provisions.\n8. Whether the claim, contract, receivable, servicing right, or instrument was transferred.\n9. Whether the current plaintiff received ownership, enforcement rights, or only agency authority.\n\nAn assignee’s generic bill of sale can establish that some portfolio changed hands but still fail to prove that the consumer’s account was among the transferred assets. That final account-link proposition normally requires a schedule, data extract, transfer certificate, account identifier, or other admissible connecting proof. This is a logical and evidentiary consequence of the assignee’s burden to prove the assignment it invokes; Kansas does not supply a single mandatory document format. [Justia Law+2](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/2017/111651.html)\n\nThe current Kansas regulatory rule for covered defaulted-debt buyers requires retention of every bill of sale or transfer document that, collectively, supplies a complete unbroken chain of title through every owner, together with account-level identifying and balance information. That is powerful regulatory evidence of what records should exist for a covered actor, but it does not itself make each document admissible or establish that every plaintiff is within that rule. [Kansas Bank Commissioner+2](https://osbckansas.gov/legal/uccc_2026.pdf)\n\n### Assignment restrictions\n\nKansas generally permits assignment of choses in action other than tort claims, but actual contract language can restrict assignment. A clause barring assignment of “the contract” may not necessarily prohibit assignment of accrued damages; actual intent and wording control. Waiver and estoppel can also affect an assignment restriction, but *Steckline* resolved only pleading sufficiency—not final proof of assignment or estoppel. [Justia Law+2](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2006/93662.html)\n\n### Prelitigation notice is not the complete court-proof rule\n\nK.S.A. 16a-3-203 allows a consumer to pay the original creditor until effective assignment notice and, after request, until the assignee supplies reasonable proof. That prelitigation rule does not say that the notice itself proves the complete chain at trial or that the consumer must receive every purchase agreement. Court proof remains governed by the pleaded claim, assignment law, and evidence rules. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/016a_000_0000_chapter/016a_003_0000_article/016a_003_0203_section/016a_003_0203_k/)\n\n# B. Pleading and initial-document requirements\n\n## B1. Chapter 60\n\nA Chapter 60 petition must contain a short and plain statement showing entitlement to relief and a demand for relief. In contract actions, the claimant may state a specific amount. A pleading need not ordinarily be verified or accompanied by an affidavit. By signing, however, the attorney or self-represented party certifies that factual contentions have evidentiary support or are likely to have support after reasonable investigation or discovery. [Kansas Legislature+1](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0008_section/060_002_0008_k/)\n\nFor a written instrument, K.S.A. 60-209(h) permits three pleading methods:\n\n1. Reasonably identify the instrument and state its substance.\n2. Recite its contents.\n3. Attach a copy.\n\nTherefore:\n\nPlain text\n```\nAttachment is permitted\nbut not universally required at the pleading stage.\n```\n\nFailure to attach the contract is not automatically dismissal. It can nevertheless become fatal later if the plaintiff cannot prove the alleged terms. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0009_section/060_002_0009_k/)\n\nCapacity, authority, or legal existence need not ordinarily be alleged. A defendant challenging those subjects must make a specific denial with supporting particulars. Conditions precedent may be pleaded generally, but a denial must be particular. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0009_section/060_002_0009_k/)\n\n## B2. Chapter 61 limited action\n\nK.S.A. 61-2903 requires a petition stating the claims and party contact information. It does not impose a universal affidavit, verification, ledger, or contract-attachment requirement for an unsecured contractual-debt petition. Chapter 61 adopts K.S.A. 60-217, 60-234, 60-244, 60-256, and selected other Chapter 60 provisions to the extent consistent. [Kansas Legislature+1](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_029_0000_article/061_029_0003_section/061_029_0003_k/)\n\nThe Kansas Judicial Council’s current forms index identifies a Chapter 61 petition titled **Petition for Recovery of Contractual Debt Not Secured by a Lien**, but the current form page was inaccessible during final verification. The form is an approved pleading aid, not proof that the claim’s allegations are true or that attached records are admissible.\n\n## B3. Small claims\n\nSmall claims permits the plaintiff’s petition and, where applicable, the defendant’s claim form; ordinary additional pleadings are not authorized. Discovery and depositions are prohibited. The trial is to the court, and the judge can make orders consistent with the Act to promote justice and protect the parties. [Kansas Legislature+2](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_027_0000_article/061_027_0012_section/061_027_0012_k/)\n\nSmall-claims simplicity does not erase the claimant’s substantive proof burden. The plaintiff still must persuade the court that:\n\n- The plaintiff owns or can enforce the claim.\n- The defendant incurred the obligation.\n- The amount is correct.\n- Any interest or fee is lawful.\n- Credits and payments were applied.\n- The claim is eligible for small claims.\n\nAn assigned claim is excluded from Kansas small claims. A debt buyer therefore cannot avoid assignment proof by using that route. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_027_0000_article/061_027_0007_section/061_027_0007_k/)\n\n## B4. Pleading versus evidence matrix\n\n| Item | Pleading stage | Summary judgment | Trial | Default |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Plaintiff ownership/authority | General factual allegations may suffice | Specific evidence required if challenged | Admissible evidence required | Well-pleaded allegations may be admitted, but entitlement still required |\n| Contract | Identify/substance/recite/attach | Authenticated evidence and admissible terms | Admitted contract or alternative formation proof | Court may require proof depending on claim/damages |\n| Assignment | Allegation of transfer can suffice initially | Chain/account-link evidence if genuinely disputed | Admissible chain evidence | Generic allegation may not prove uncertain damages or authority where court demands evidence |\n| Balance | Specific amount can be pleaded | Ledger/admissions/affidavit and support | Admissible account proof | Court may conduct accounting or receive evidence |\n| Fees and interest | Alleged amount and basis | Contract/statutory support and arithmetic | Proof of authorization and calculation | Not automatically admitted merely because requested |\n| Default/nonpayment | Alleged | Payment history, admissions, or other evidence | Admitted evidence | Failure to deny can admit liability allegation, but damages remain court-controlled |\n| Written instrument copy | Optional pleading method | Often material to prove terms | Original/duplicate or exception | Depends on court’s entitlement inquiry |\n\nKansas expressly allows the court to require evidence establishing allegations and damages before default judgment. Failure to respond is not a universal substitute for every missing contract, assignment, or accounting record. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0055_section/060_002_0055_k/)\n\n# C. Substantive claim proof\n\n## C1. Original-creditor contract claim\n\nAn original creditor ordinarily must establish:\n\n1. Contract formation or another enforceable obligation.\n2. Identity of the parties.\n3. Applicable terms.\n4. Creditor performance.\n5. Defendant’s assent, use, acceptance, or promise.\n6. Payment obligations and due dates.\n7. Breach or default.\n8. Principal balance.\n9. Contractual or statutory authority for interest and fees.\n10. Payments, credits, adjustments, settlements, and releases.\n11. Damages.\n\nA signed agreement is strong evidence but is not the sole possible formation proof. Course of dealing, use of an account, statements, admissions, and payment can support formation or assent depending on the theory. No one form of evidence automatically proves every element.\n\n### Credit-card example authority\n\nIn unpublished *First National Bank of Omaha v. Lucas*, the court upheld summary judgment even though the bank did not produce a wet-ink application or original card agreement. The consumer admitted entering the card contract, receiving statements, promising to pay purchases, and owing the stated balance; the bank also submitted affidavits and exhibits. The holding is record-specific and nonprecedential. It does not establish that a creditor’s affidavit and statements are always sufficient, especially where assent, terms, balance, or authenticity is genuinely disputed. [Justia Law+2](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2024/127685.html)\n\nA complete writing can also matter to the legal theory asserted. Kansas’s published *Miller* decision explains that a writing relied on as a complete contract must contain the material terms without oral evidence supplying essential promises. That limitations case does not create a universal trial exhibit list, but it demonstrates why incomplete terms can affect the legal characterization and proof of a contract claim. [Justia Law](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1979/49-588-1.html)\n\n## C2. Assignee or debt-buyer contract claim\n\nAn assignee ordinarily must prove both:\n\nPlain text\n```\nUnderlying debt\n+\nvalid transfer of the enforceable right to this plaintiff\n```\n\nThe evidence package may include:\n\n- Original agreement or alternative formation proof.\n- Statements and payment history.\n- Original creditor’s charge-off or transfer data.\n- Bill of sale.\n- Purchase agreement provisions defining sold assets.\n- Each intermediate assignment.\n- Account schedule, data file, or certification linking the defendant’s account.\n- Current plaintiff’s records showing receipt and integration.\n- Servicing or collection authority where a nonowner acts.\n- Balance calculations after transfer.\n- Post-transfer payments, credits, settlements, or adjustments.\n\nA generic bill of sale that says “all accounts described in an electronic file” without admissible proof of that file or a link between the file and the defendant’s account can leave an account-identification gap. Conversely, Kansas law does not require public filing of every private assignment or universal delivery of the entire purchase agreement to the consumer before suit.\n\n## C3. Servicer claim\n\nA servicer may possess extensive records and payment authority without owning the claim. The servicer must establish:\n\n- Who owns the obligation.\n- Who has the substantive right to sue.\n- What the servicing agreement authorizes.\n- Whether the servicer can sue in its own name.\n- Whether the owner has ratified, joined, or substituted.\n- Whether applicable records were integrated and relied upon.\n\nK.S.A. 60-217’s statutory party provisions and cure mechanism can matter, but the existence of a servicing contract does not automatically confer real-party status.\n\n## C4. Account stated\n\nAn account stated is a new agreement fixing the amount due from prior monetary transactions and implying a promise to pay the agreed balance. Assent can be express or inferred from circumstances, but there must be a meeting of minds on the account’s correctness. Merely mailing an account statement does not automatically create an account stated. Timely objection, disputed components, or lack of assent can defeat the theory. [Justia Law](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1963/43-127-0.html)\n\nRequired proof generally includes:\n\n- Prior dealings.\n- A statement or reckoning of the account.\n- Communication to the debtor.\n- Express or implied assent.\n- Agreed balance.\n- Promise, express or implied, to pay.\n\nAn account-stated theory cannot be used automatically to avoid proving a disputed underlying balance or manufacture assent from silence where circumstances do not reasonably support it.\n\n## C5. Open account\n\nAn ordinary one-way consumer account is not automatically a Kansas “mutual open running account.” The specialized doctrine historically requires reciprocal and connected debits and credits and a shared intent to maintain a continuing shifting balance. A credit card with creditor advances and consumer payments can still be litigated as a contract or implied agreement without satisfying that mutual-account doctrine.\n\nThe plaintiff should identify which theory is actually asserted:\n\n- Written contract.\n- Implied contract.\n- Open account.\n- Mutual open account.\n- Account stated.\n- Negotiable instrument.\n\nThose theories have different elements and cannot be merged casually.\n\n## C6. Installment claim\n\nFor an unsecured installment claim, the proof commonly includes:\n\n- Contract and installment schedule.\n- Applicable modifications.\n- Payment history.\n- Missed installments.\n- Default and any cure notice.\n- Acceleration clause and evidence of exercise where relevant.\n- Maturity.\n- Post-default payments.\n- Credits.\n- Current principal and lawful additional charges.\n\nThis pass does not adopt any prior limitation or acceleration conclusion. The evidence point is narrower: the plaintiff must prove the event it claims made the amount due.\n\n## C7. Negotiable-instrument claim\n\nA note receives Article 3 treatment only if it satisfies K.S.A. 84-3-104’s requirements. Once classified as a negotiable instrument, enforcement proof differs from ordinary assignment proof. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0104_section/084_003_0104_k/)\n\n### Instrument matrix\n\n| Claimed status | Required core proof |\n| --- | --- |\n| Holder | Possession plus instrument payable to bearer or to plaintiff through valid endorsements |\n| Nonholder in possession with holder rights | Possession plus transfer evidence showing holder’s enforcement rights passed |\n| Owner without possession | Ownership alone may be insufficient to enforce |\n| Lost-instrument claimant | Statutory loss predicates, instrument terms, former entitlement, inability to obtain possession, and adequate protection |\n| Signature challenged | Specific denial can shift burden to proponent; signature remains presumed authentic and authorized under statutory conditions |\n| Endorsement evidence | Endorsement must be authenticated; it is not necessarily hearsay when offered to show its legal existence rather than truth of a factual assertion |\n\nK.S.A. 84-3-201 and 84-3-203 distinguish negotiation from transfer. A transferee receiving value without a necessary endorsement may have a specifically enforceable right to obtain the endorsement, but negotiation is incomplete until endorsement. [Kansas Legislature+1](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0201_section/084_003_0201_k/)\n\nK.S.A. 84-3-308 provides that signatures are admitted unless specifically denied. When denied, the proponent bears the burden, subject to the statutory presumption of authenticity and authorization. Producing the instrument and proving entitlement can establish payment entitlement unless the defendant proves a defense or recoupment claim. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0308_section/084_003_0308_k/)\n\nFor a lost instrument, K.S.A. 84-3-309 requires proof that the claimant or qualifying predecessor was entitled to enforce when possession was lost, loss was not the result of transfer or lawful seizure, and the instrument cannot reasonably be obtained. The court must also protect against a second enforcement claim before entering judgment. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0309_section/084_003_0309_k/)\n\n## C8. Balance and damages\n\nA debt ledger should permit the court to trace:\n\nPlain text\n```\nOpening lawful principal\n+ authorized interest\n+ authorized fees or costs\n− payments\n− credits\n− reversals\n− settlement reductions\n= claimed current balance\n```\n\nEach component has two separate questions:\n\n1. **Arithmetic:** Does the ledger add correctly?\n2. **Legal and factual authority:** Was the component properly charged, received, allocated, and retained?\n\nNumerical agreement does not establish legality.\n\n### Illustrative balance\n\nAssumptions only:\n\nPlain text\n```\nLawful principal asserted                 $4,000\nContractually authorized interest            220\nAsserted late fees                            90\nPayment received                            (400)\nCredit adjustment                            (60)\n                                           ------\nArithmetic balance                         $3,850\n```\n\nIntermediate calculation:\n\nPlain text\n```\n$4,000 + $220 + $90 − $400 − $60 = $3,850\n```\n\nThis calculation does **not** prove:\n\n- The contract authorized $220 interest or $90 fees.\n- The rates were lawful.\n- The payment and credit were allocated correctly.\n- Another payment or settlement is missing.\n- The plaintiff owns the account.\n- $3,850 is collectible.\n\n## C9. Admissions, stipulations, and default\n\n### Admissions in pleadings\n\nUnder K.S.A. 60-208, allegations other than damages are admitted when not denied in a responsive pleading where a response is required. Damages are not automatically admitted. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0008_section/060_002_0008_k/)\n\n### Requests for admission\n\nUnder Chapter 60, a matter within a proper request is deemed admitted if not timely answered and is conclusively established in that action unless the court permits withdrawal or amendment. Requests can address facts, application of law to fact, and genuineness of documents. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0036_section/060_002_0036_k/)\n\nIn Chapter 61, requests are limited to ten absent court permission, become admitted if no sworn denial or valid objection is supplied within 14 days, and can establish document genuineness or facts for the pending action. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_031_0000_article/061_031_0001_section/061_031_0001_k/)\n\nAn admission can eliminate the need for separate proof of the admitted matter. It does not validate the debt outside that case, create evidence for unrelated consumers, or necessarily establish unrequested fee legality.\n\n### Default\n\nA defaulting defendant is deemed to have failed to defend, but K.S.A. 60-255 still requires a request and a showing that the plaintiff is entitled to judgment. The court may conduct an accounting, determine damages, establish allegations by evidence, or investigate other matters. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0055_section/060_002_0055_k/)\n\n# D. Authentication, hearsay, business records, and original-document rules\n\n## D1. Five separate evidence questions\n\nA debt record should be tested through at least five gates:\n\n| Gate | Question |\n| --- | --- |\n| **Relevance** | Does the record tend to prove an issue in the claim? |\n| **Authentication** | Is there sufficient evidence that the record is what the proponent says it is? |\n| **Hearsay** | Is it offered for the truth of an out-of-court statement, and if so, is there an exception? |\n| **Original/duplicate rule** | Is an original required, or is a duplicate or other evidence permitted? |\n| **Substantive sufficiency** | Even if admitted, does it prove ownership, assent, default, and the balance? |\n\nA record can pass the first four gates and still fail on substantive sufficiency.\n\n## D2. Authentication\n\nK.S.A. 60-464 requires evidence sufficient to support a finding that the item is what the proponent claims. Nonexclusive authentication methods include:\n\n- Witness testimony based on knowledge.\n- Distinctive characteristics and circumstances.\n- Proof of an accurate process or system.\n- Public-record evidence.\n- Other statutorily recognized methods. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0064_section/060_004_0064_k/)\n\nFor electronic account data, authentication can address:\n\n- System source.\n- Data import.\n- Account identifiers.\n- Creation and modification controls.\n- Extraction method.\n- Whether the output accurately reflects stored information.\n- How transfer files were matched to purchased accounts.\n\nA witness saying only “this was found in our computer” may be insufficient if the source and process remain unexplained.\n\n## D3. Kansas business-record exception\n\nK.S.A. 60-460(m) permits writings recording acts, conditions, or events when:\n\n1. They were made in the regular course of business.\n2. They were made at or about the recorded event.\n3. The information sources and preparation method and circumstances indicate trustworthiness.\n4. These matters are shown by a custodian, other qualified witness, or compliant certification. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0060_section/060_004_0060_k/)\n\nThe witness need not necessarily be the person who created every entry or the formal records custodian. Kansas cases allow another qualified witness with sufficient knowledge to establish the record system and trustworthiness. The trial court retains discretion to evaluate sources, preparation, timing, and reliability. [Justia Law+1](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1984/55-954-1.html)\n\nConversely, merely receiving or retaining another entity’s document does not automatically transform it into the recipient’s business record. Kansas cases have excluded documents lacking identification, foundation, authentication, or trustworthy preparation evidence. [Justia Law+1](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1970/45-778-0.html)\n\n## D4. Third-party and predecessor records\n\nKansas’s statute does not expressly contain a named “adopted business records” subsection. Existing authority supports a functional approach:\n\nA successor’s or servicer’s witness may be able to lay a foundation for predecessor records where the witness can explain that the records were:\n\n- Received in ordinary business.\n- Integrated into the successor’s system.\n- Checked or reconciled.\n- Relied upon in ordinary operations.\n- Maintained under procedures supporting accuracy.\n- Connected to the particular account.\n- Trustworthy in source and preparation.\n\nBut no Kansas published debt-buyer case located in this pass establishes that every successor affidavit automatically authenticates every originating-creditor spreadsheet. A witness who knows only the purchaser’s post-acquisition system may be unable to establish how the originator created key entries. The court must evaluate trustworthiness and multiple-hearsay concerns case by case. [Justia Law+2](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1984/55-954-1.html)\n\n### Multiple hearsay\n\nA business record can contain statements from:\n\n- The business’s employee.\n- A consumer.\n- A merchant.\n- A prior creditor.\n- A third-party collector.\n- An outside vendor.\n\nEach hearsay layer must independently be nonhearsay or satisfy an exception. For example:\n\n- Consumer statements can sometimes qualify as party admissions.\n- An employee’s within-scope statement may qualify as a vicarious admission.\n- An outside vendor’s unsupported assertion does not become admissible merely because it appears in the purchaser’s database. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0060_section/060_004_0060_k/)\n\n## D5. Certification without live testimony\n\nKansas permits certified domestic business records to be self-authenticated when a custodian or qualified person certifies compliance with K.S.A. 60-460(m), and the proponent gives reasonable written notice before trial or hearing and makes the records and certification available for inspection. Similar provisions cover certified electronic systems and copied electronic data. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0065_section/060_004_0065_k/)\n\nUnder K.S.A. 60-245a, a nonparty business-record subpoena ordinarily requires at least 14 days’ prior notice to the parties before issuance. The record custodian can produce copies and a declaration. Another party can object and can require the custodian’s attendance or the original records through subpoena procedures. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0045a_section/060_002_0045a_k/)\n\nKansas decisions confirm that a compliant certification can replace a live foundation witness. A bare objection does not automatically require live testimony; the opposing party must use the statutory mechanism where applicable. But a purported certification must actually satisfy the statutory declarations and notice requirements. [Justia Law+1](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2017/113678.html)\n\n## D6. Self-authentication is not merits proof\n\nK.S.A. 60-465 makes several categories self-authenticating, including:\n\n- Commercial paper and related documents to the extent commercial law recognizes.\n- Certified domestic business records.\n- Certified records generated by an accurate electronic system.\n- Certified copied data using digital identification. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0065_section/060_004_0065_k/)\n\nSelf-authentication eliminates the need for extrinsic authentication evidence. It does **not** automatically establish:\n\n- Hearsay admissibility if another exception is required.\n- Trustworthiness.\n- Ownership.\n- The legal effect of the document.\n- Correctness of every balance.\n- Lawfulness of fees.\n- Inclusion of the account in a portfolio.\n- Absence of a defense.\n\n## D7. Original, duplicate, and electronic records\n\nK.S.A. 60-467 generally requires an original to prove content, but:\n\n- A duplicate is admissible to the same extent unless authenticity is genuinely disputed or admission would be unfair.\n- Other evidence is allowed when the original is lost or destroyed without fraudulent intent, unavailable through process, controlled but not produced after notice, not central, or within other stated exceptions.\n- Voluminous records can be summarized by a qualified witness if the opponent had a reasonable opportunity to examine them.\n- For electronically stored information, an accurate printout or readable output is an original.\n- A compliant K.S.A. 60-245a copy is not excluded merely because it is not the original. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0067_section/060_004_0067_k/)\n\nThus, “wet ink” is not universally required. But a genuine authenticity dispute, unexplained alteration, incomplete output, or unfair duplicate can still matter.\n\n## D8. Affidavits and declarations\n\nAn affidavit can be admissible to the extent statutes permit, but an executive or analyst affidavit is not magic. At summary judgment it must:\n\n- Be based on personal knowledge.\n- State admissible facts.\n- Show competence.\n- Attach or serve sworn or certified copies of referenced papers. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0056_section/060_002_0056_k/)\n\nAn affidavit that merely states conclusions such as:\n\n“Plaintiff owns this debt and defendant owes $7,843.21”\n\nwithout explaining assignment sources, account identification, ledger method, and record foundation can be attacked as conclusory or inadequately founded.\n\n# E. Discovery and proof workflow\n\n## E1. Chapter 60 discovery matrix\n\n| Tool | Timing or response rule | Use in debt case | Critical limit |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **Interrogatories — K.S.A. 60-233** | Generally 30 days; defendant ordinarily 45 days after service of process | Identify owner, assignments, witnesses, ledger method, payment application | Must be answered under oath; objections specific |\n| **Document requests — K.S.A. 60-234** | Generally 30 days; defendant ordinarily 45 days after service of process | Contracts, amendments, assignments, schedules, ledgers, statements, settlement records | Only possession, custody, or control; requests must describe with reasonable particularity |\n| **Requests for admission — K.S.A. 60-236** | Generally 30 days; defendant ordinarily 45 days after service of process | Genuineness, use, payments, account link, balance components | Nonresponse can conclusively establish matters in that case |\n| **Depositions** | Governed by Chapter 60 rules and scheduling orders | Test records witness, assignment witness, consumer | Cost/proportionality and protective orders |\n| **Party subpoena** | K.S.A. 60-245 | Testimony and specified records | Must avoid undue burden; privilege and objections apply |\n| **Nonparty business-record subpoena** | 14-day notice before issuance; objection period applies | Original-creditor records, bank records, vendor records | Objection can halt production absent court order |\n| **Summary judgment** | Motion generally by 30 days after discovery closes; response 21 days; reply 14 days unless court/local rule differs | Resolve ownership, contract, liability, or balance where no genuine factual issue | Evidence must satisfy K.S.A. 60-256; pleadings alone insufficient |\n\nDiscovery is limited to nonprivileged matter relevant to a claim or defense and proportional to the needs of the case. Discoverability does not mean admissibility. The court can limit cumulative, disproportionate, or inaccessible electronically stored information. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0026_section/060_002_0026_k/)\n\n### Discovery is not a court response\n\nServing discovery does not:\n\n- Replace an answer.\n- Extend the answer deadline.\n- Stay a summary-judgment response.\n- Pause trial.\n- Suspend a collection claim.\n- Extinguish the debt if records are missing.\n\nOnly a statute, governing rule, stipulation accepted under procedure, or court order changes a deadline.\n\n## E2. Chapter 61 discovery\n\nChapter 61 uses a narrower discovery structure:\n\n| Tool | Chapter 61 rule |\n| --- | --- |\n| **Requests for admission** | Available after answer or disputed appearance; maximum ten absent permission; response within 14 days; nonresponse deemed admitted |\n| **Interrogatories** | Maximum ten; response within 14 days; court may allow more or longer |\n| **Document production** | K.S.A. 60-234 is adopted through K.S.A. 61-2912 |\n| **Subpoenas** | K.S.A. 60-245 and 60-245a apply through K.S.A. 61-3104 |\n| **Depositions** | Only for use as evidence; motion and court authorization required; seven-day objection/hearing process |\n| **Summary judgment** | K.S.A. 60-256 is adopted to the extent consistent |\n| **Small claims** | Discovery and depositions prohibited |\n\n## E3. Discovery enforcement and sanctions\n\nA motion to compel generally requires certification of a good-faith effort to resolve the dispute without court action. Incomplete or evasive answers can be treated as failures. Sanctions can include fees, orders establishing facts, evidence restrictions, striking pleadings, dismissal, or default under the actual statutory conditions. [Kansas Legislature+1](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0037_section/060_002_0037_k/)\n\nFor lost electronically stored information:\n\n- If reasonable preservation steps were not taken and prejudice results, the court may order measures no greater than necessary to cure prejudice.\n- An adverse-presumption instruction, dismissal, or default based on ESI loss requires a finding of intent to deprive another party of the information’s use. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0037_section/060_002_0037_k/)\n\nMissing documents do not automatically produce dismissal, debt extinction, or an adverse inference.\n\n## E4. Summary judgment\n\nK.S.A. 60-256 requires the movant to show no genuine dispute of material fact and entitlement to judgment as a matter of law. Supporting affidavits must be competent and based on personal knowledge. Once a properly supported motion is filed, the opponent cannot rest solely on pleading denials and must identify specific evidence creating a trial issue. A party unable to present essential facts can seek relief through an affidavit or declaration explaining why further discovery is necessary. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0056_section/060_002_0056_k/)\n\nThe official Kansas Rule 141 summary-judgment page was located, but direct access returned HTTP 403. The current official search rendering confirms that Rule 141 imposes additional statement-of-facts and response requirements. No unsupported full text or current page numbers are asserted here. [Kansas Courts+1](https://kscourts.gov/Rules-Orders/Rules/Summary-Judgment)\n\n# F. Stage-by-stage proof matrix\n\n| Stage | Plaintiff burden | Defendant’s available response | Main consequence of inadequate evidence |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **Petition** | Plead recognizable claim, plaintiff role, obligation, breach, amount, and relief | Motion to dismiss, specific capacity/authority denial, answer, affirmative defenses | Dismissal if allegations fail as law; factual disputes ordinarily not resolved |\n| **Answer** | No immediate new proof unless challenged | Admit, deny, lack knowledge; plead payment, release, fraud, limitations, failure of consideration, standing/RPI issues as appropriate | Unanswered non-damages allegations may be admitted |\n| **Discovery** | Produce responsive nonprivileged records in possession/custody/control | Seek contracts, chain, ledger, witnesses; object proportionally | Motion to compel or sanctions only after procedural predicates |\n| **Requests for admission** | Properly frame facts/genuineness | Timely admit, deny, or explain inability after reasonable inquiry | Unanswered matters deemed admitted in that action |\n| **Summary judgment** | Admissible evidence of every necessary disputed element | Specific admissible counterevidence or authorized request for more discovery | Denial or judgment against party lacking proof |\n| **Trial** | Prove elements by applicable burden through admitted evidence | Authentication/hearsay/merits objections; affirmative defenses; cross-examination | Judgment based on proven elements |\n| **Default** | Well-pleaded liability plus proof of entitlement and uncertain damages as court requires | Set-aside routes depend on service/default procedure | No automatic entitlement to unsupported damages |\n\n# G. Controlling and material cases\n\n| Authority | Court/status | Material holding | Scope and limitation |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **FV-I, Inc. v. Kallevig**, 306 Kan. 204 (2017) | Kansas Supreme Court, published | Standing burden varies by stage; note-enforcement status and possession at filing matter; endorsements offered for legal effect were not necessarily hearsay | Mortgage-note context; not a universal ordinary-contract assignment rule |\n| **U.S. Bank v. McConnell**, 48 Kan. App. 2d 892 (2013) | Published Kansas Court of Appeals | Real-party defect can in some circumstances be cured under K.S.A. 60-217 | Mortgage context; cure depends on nature of defect |\n| **Steckline Communications v. Journal Broadcast**, 305 Kan. 761 (2017) | Kansas Supreme Court, published | Assignment challenger at dismissal stage could not defeat adequately pleaded estoppel facts; burden changes by stage | Commercial contract; final assignment/estoppel merits not decided |\n| **Larson Operating Co. v. Petroleum, Inc.**, 32 Kan. App. 2d 460 (2004) | Published | Ratification and actual possession of the asserted right can support RPI status; cure relates back | Oil-and-gas contractual setting |\n| **Missouri Bank v. Gas-Mart Development**, 35 Kan. App. 2d 738 (2006) | Published | Choses in action generally assignable; assignment clause construction depends on wording | Commercial arbitration award |\n| **Miller v. William A. Smith Constructing**, 226 Kan. 172 (1979) | Kansas Supreme Court, published | Writing relied on as complete contract must contain material terms without essential oral supplementation | Limitations classification, but useful to contract-proof sufficiency |\n| **Bonicamp v. McNeely**, 191 Kan. 225 (1963) | Kansas Supreme Court, published | Account stated requires agreement on balance; assent can be implied from circumstances | Accounting-services account, not credit-card-specific |\n| **First National Bank of Omaha v. Lucas**, No. 127,685 (2024) | Unpublished Kansas Court of Appeals | Admissions, use, statements, and affidavits supported credit-card summary judgment without wet-ink contract | Nonprecedential; unusual admissions and divorce facts |\n| **Schraft v. Leis**, 236 Kan. 28 (1984) | Kansas Supreme Court, published | Business-record witness need not be formal custodian or creator; knowledge and trustworthiness control | Commercial/corporate records |\n| **Hudson v. City of Shawnee**, 246 Kan. 395 (1990) | Kansas Supreme Court, published | Third-party-origin records can be admitted where qualified testimony and circumstances establish trustworthiness | Valuation records, not debt-buyer portfolio records |\n| **Pacific Indemnity v. Berge**, 205 Kan. 755 (1970) | Kansas Supreme Court, published | Documents lacking identification, foundation, and authentication were properly excluded | General evidence principle |\n| **State v. Foster**, 198 Kan. 52 (1967) | Kansas Supreme Court, published | Retaining a third-party report does not automatically make it recipient’s admissible business record | Older case; predates modern certification amendments |\n| **State v. Cleverley**, No. 113,678 (2017) | Published Kansas Court of Appeals | Compliant K.S.A. 60-245a affidavit can replace live custodian; bare objection does not itself require attendance | Criminal case; evidence-statute construction |\n| **State v. Kemp**, No. 126,238 (2025) | Published Kansas Court of Appeals | Certified domestic business record requires a certification satisfying K.S.A. 60-465(b)(7) | Criminal case; statutory construction |\n| **State v. Cremer**, 234 Kan. 594 (1984) | Kansas Supreme Court, published | Bank statements could be admitted based on business receipt/use and trustworthiness without bank creator testimony | Criminal case; does not create automatic adopted-record rule |\n\nThe cited cases supply evidence and assignment principles; none is a blanket ruling that every purchaser’s generic affidavit proves an ordinary consumer account. [Justia Law+14](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/2017/111235.html)\n\n# H. Official forms and instruction inventory\n\n| Form/resource | Official URL | Purpose | Access/version limitation |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **Kansas Judicial Council — Chapter 60 Civil Actions** | https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-60-civil-actions | Main Chapter 60 form index | Official page located; direct opening returned 403 in this session |\n| **Common Civil Forms** | https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-60-civil-actions/common-civil-forms | Includes Petition for Breach of Contract and basic Answer with Defenses | Search-rendered inventory only; current individual PDF revision not exposed |\n| **Chapter 61 Pleadings** | https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-61-civil-actions/pleadings | Includes Petition for Recovery of Contractual Debt Not Secured by a Lien and answer-related forms | Official page located; direct access unavailable |\n| **Chapter 60 Summons and Service of Process** | https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-60-civil-actions/summons-and-service-of-process | Summons, return of service, publication, special process-server forms | Does not prove actual service in a case |\n| **Small Claims — Filing a Case** | https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/small-claims/filing-a-small-claims-case | Petition, service request, venue, cover sheet, poverty affidavit | Assigned-debt exclusion remains statutory |\n| **Small Claims — Responding** | https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/small-claims/responding-to-a-small-claims-case | Defendant’s claim and response-oriented instructions | No ordinary answer pleading under small-claims statute |\n| **Kansas Self-Help — Consumer Debts** | https://self-help.kscourts.gov/ConsumerDebts | Public self-help route and limited-action answer information | General public aid, not authoritative proof of claim elements |\n| **Find Court Forms** | https://self-help.kscourts.gov/FindCourtForms | Court form search index | Individual form currentness must be checked when used |\n\nThe forms can satisfy formatting and procedural presentation needs. They do not establish standing, admissibility, lawful interest, or the account balance.\n\n# I. Bounded workflows and examples\n\n## I1. Original creditor with complete records\n\n**Hypothetical facts**\n\n- Original creditor is plaintiff.\n- Consumer used a revolving account.\n- Creditor has operative terms, amendments, statements, payment history, and consumer admissions.\n- Ledger components are traceable.\n- Records witness understands creation and storage systems.\n\n**Proof flow**\n\nPlain text\n```\nFormation/assent:\napplication + account use + operative terms\n\nCreditor identity:\noriginal creditor records\n\nBreach:\nmissed required payment under proven terms\n\nBalance:\nopening principal\n+ supported interest/fees\n− payments/credits\n\nAdmissibility:\nauthentication\n+ business-record foundation\n+ original/duplicate compliance\n```\n\nA wet-ink application is not necessarily indispensable, but the plaintiff still must prove the governing obligation and balance.\n\n## I2. Assignee with generic bill of sale but no account link\n\n**Hypothetical facts**\n\n- Plaintiff produces a bill of sale transferring “accounts listed in an electronic file.”\n- Electronic file is not produced.\n- No schedule names or identifies the defendant.\n- Affiant joined purchaser after acquisition and cannot explain source matching.\n- Original statements identify another creditor.\n\n**Result**\n\nPlain text\n```\nPortfolio transfer generally               Potentially shown\nTransfer of this defendant’s account        Not yet shown\nCurrent ownership                           Not yet shown\nAccount balance                             Separate unresolved issue\n```\n\nThe generic bill of sale is not worthless, but it leaves a material account-inclusion gap.\n\n## I3. Assignee with account-linked chain\n\n**Hypothetical facts**\n\n- Originator-to-Buyer A bill of sale.\n- Account schedule with masked account number matching defendant.\n- Buyer A-to-Plaintiff transfer.\n- Transfer certificate links same account identifier.\n- Witness explains acquisition, integration, reconciliation, and ordinary reliance.\n- No contrary ownership evidence.\n\n**Potential result**\n\nThe package can support assignment and account inclusion if authenticated and admitted. The court still separately evaluates:\n\n- Underlying liability.\n- Ledger accuracy.\n- Fees and interest.\n- Payments and settlements.\n- Hearsay layers.\n- Trustworthiness.\n\n## I4. Servicer relying on predecessor records\n\n**Hypothetical facts**\n\n- Owner appoints Servicer S.\n- Servicer receives originator’s data.\n- Servicer reconciles control totals and account identifiers.\n- Servicer uses imported records for ordinary billing and payment processing.\n- Witness knows Servicer S’s import, testing, and reliance procedures but not every originator employee.\n\n**Potential foundation**\n\nA court may find the witness qualified and the records trustworthy without requiring the original creator, particularly where integration and ordinary reliance are explained.\n\n**Failure branch**\n\nIf the witness can say only:\n\n“The spreadsheet came with the portfolio, and our computer shows a balance,”\n\nthe source, account link, and preparation trustworthiness can remain insufficient.\n\n## I5. Executive affidavit without adequate foundation\n\n**Affidavit states**\n\n“I am vice president. Plaintiff owns the account. Defendant owes $6,418.22. The attached records are business records.”\n\n**Missing matters**\n\n- How affiant knows assignment facts.\n- Each transfer.\n- Account-level link.\n- Who created ledger entries.\n- Timing of entries.\n- Regular-course practices.\n- Trustworthiness.\n- Fee and interest basis.\n- Credits and payments.\n- Whether records were attached as sworn or certified copies.\n\n**Result**\n\nThe title “vice president” does not itself supply personal knowledge or business-record foundation.\n\n## I6. Lost negotiable note\n\n**Hypothetical facts**\n\n- Instrument otherwise qualifies as a negotiable note.\n- Plaintiff cannot produce original.\n- Plaintiff proves predecessor had enforcement right when instrument was lost.\n- Loss was not voluntary transfer or lawful seizure.\n- Terms are proved through a reliable copy.\n- Plaintiff cannot reasonably recover possession.\n- Court can fashion adequate protection against duplicate enforcement.\n\n**Result**\n\nK.S.A. 84-3-309 can permit enforcement. If the instrument is not negotiable, the Article 3 lost-note procedure does not automatically govern.\n\n## I7. Disputed fee and credit ledger\n\nAssumed components:\n\nPlain text\n```\nPrincipal advanced                         $3,500\nInterest shown                                280\nCollection fee shown                          525\nPayments                                   (1,000)\nRefund credit                                (100)\n                                            ------\nClaimed balance                             $3,205\n```\n\nArithmetic:\n\nPlain text\n```\n$3,500 + $280 + $525 − $1,000 − $100 = $3,205\n```\n\nSeparate proof questions:\n\n| Component | Required issue |\n| --- | --- |\n| $3,500 principal | Was it advanced or charged by consumer? |\n| $280 interest | What contract/rate/time period authorizes it? |\n| $525 collection fee | Is it contractually and legally authorized and actually incurred? |\n| $1,000 payments | Were all payments posted and allocated correctly? |\n| $100 refund credit | Was it final and correctly applied? |\n\nThe balance can be arithmetically correct and legally overstated.\n\n## I8. Admissible record versus merits defense\n\n**Facts**\n\n- Creditor authenticates statements as business records.\n- Statements are admitted.\n- Consumer proves a later written settlement fully resolving the account.\n- Creditor’s ledger omitted the settlement credit.\n\n**Result**\n\nThe statements’ admission does not defeat the settlement defense. Admissibility asks whether the statements can be considered; merits asks what the complete evidence proves.\n\n## I9. Discovery request versus court-response deadline\n\n**Relative sequence**\n\nPlain text\n```\nEvent 1: Defendant is served with petition.\nEvent 2: Answer deadline begins.\nEvent 3: Defendant serves document request.\nEvent 4: Plaintiff’s document response deadline begins.\n```\n\nEvent 3 does not suspend Event 2. A discovery request is not an answer, motion, stipulation, or court order. Failure to produce documents does not automatically dismiss the claim; the requesting party must use the applicable motion-to-compel procedure.\n\n## I10. Requests for admission\n\n**Facts**\n\n- Plaintiff serves a proper request asking defendant to admit:Defendant opened the account.Defendant received statements.Defendant made specified charges.Attached statements are genuine.Defendant made no payment after a stated date.\n\n**Chapter 60 branch**\n\nFailure to respond within the applicable period can deem the matters admitted and conclusively established for that action, subject to withdrawal or amendment.\n\n**Chapter 61 branch**\n\nThe request is limited by the ten-request cap and 14-day response period absent court permission.\n\nAdmissions can prove the requested matters. They do not prove unrequested legal propositions such as the lawfulness of a fee.\n\n# J. PASS-15 source register\n\n| Source ID | Title, issuer, and full literal URL | Exact read scope | Status/access limits |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **S_KS-P15-S001** | Kansas pleading, real-party, and signature statutes — Kansas Revisor: https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0008_section/060_002_0008_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0009_section/060_002_0009_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0011_section/060_002_0011_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0017_section/060_002_0017_k/ | Complete material K.S.A. 60-208, 60-209, 60-211, and 60-217 | **Fresh Oct. 26, 2026 Pacific/UTC.** Current HTML; no printed page/PDF index. No complete amendment-history audit. [Kansas Legislature+3](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0017_section/060_002_0017_k/) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S002** | Chapter 61 pleading and adopted procedures — Kansas Revisor: https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_029_0000_article/061_029_0003_section/061_029_0003_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_029_0000_article/061_029_0012_section/061_029_0012_k/ | Complete material §§61-2903 and 61-2912 | **Fresh.** Current HTML. [Kansas Legislature+1](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_029_0000_article/061_029_0003_section/061_029_0003_k/) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S003** | Small Claims Procedure Act — Kansas Revisor: https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_027_0000_article/061_027_0006_section/061_027_0006_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_027_0000_article/061_027_0007_section/061_027_0007_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_027_0000_article/061_027_0012_section/061_027_0012_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_027_0000_article/061_027_0013_section/061_027_0013_k/ | Excess-claim options, trial, representation, no discovery, court powers, forms | **Fresh.** Current HTML. Postjudgment enforcement excluded. [Kansas Legislature+2](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_027_0000_article/061_027_0012_section/061_027_0012_k/) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S004** | Kansas UCC negotiable-instrument provisions — Kansas Revisor: https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0104_section/084_003_0104_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0201_section/084_003_0201_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0203_section/084_003_0203_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0301_section/084_003_0301_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0308_section/084_003_0308_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0309_section/084_003_0309_k/ | Negotiability, negotiation, transfer, person entitled to enforce, signatures, lost instruments | **Fresh targeted read.** No actual instrument reviewed. [Kansas Legislature+5](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0104_section/084_003_0104_k/) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S005** | UCCC assignment notice — Kansas Revisor: https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/016a_000_0000_chapter/016a_003_0000_article/016a_003_0203_section/016a_003_0203_k/ | Complete assignment-notice and reasonable-proof provision | **Fresh scoped read.** Prelitigation rule only; no trial-admissibility conclusion. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/016a_000_0000_chapter/016a_003_0000_article/016a_003_0203_section/016a_003_0203_k/) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S006** | K.A.R. 75-6-38 in *2026 Kansas Uniform Consumer Credit Code and Regulations*, OSBC: https://osbckansas.gov/legal/uccc_2026.pdf | PDF index 144/printed UCCC Regulations 5 through index 149/printed 10 | **Fresh targeted PDF read and page-image inspection.** Rule amended July 24, 2026. Direct rule-history audit not performed. [Kansas Bank Commissioner+5](https://osbckansas.gov/legal/uccc_2026.pdf) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S007** | Kansas evidence statutes — Kansas Revisor: https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0060_section/060_004_0060_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0064_section/060_004_0064_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0065_section/060_004_0065_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0067_section/060_004_0067_k/ | Party admissions; business records; authentication; self-authentication; original, duplicate, summaries, electronic originals | **Fresh complete material read.** Current HTML. Proposed 2026 legislation shown on some pages was not treated as enacted. [Kansas Legislature+4](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0060_section/060_004_0060_k/) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S008** | Nonparty records and subpoenas — Kansas Revisor: https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0045_section/060_002_0045_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0045a_section/060_002_0045a_k/ | Subpoena contents, burden protections, nonparty-record notice, objections, custodian declarations | **Fresh.** Current HTML. No subpoena was issued. [Kansas Legislature+1](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0045_section/060_002_0045_k/) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S009** | Chapter 60 discovery and summary judgment — Kansas Revisor: https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0026_section/060_002_0026_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0033_section/060_002_0033_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0034_section/060_002_0034_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0036_section/060_002_0036_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0037_section/060_002_0037_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0056_section/060_002_0056_k/ | Scope, interrogatories, production, admissions, sanctions, ESI loss, summary judgment | **Fresh material read.** Local orders can alter timing. [Kansas Legislature+7](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0026_section/060_002_0026_k/) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S010** | Chapter 61 discovery — Kansas Revisor: https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_031_0000_article/061_031_0001_section/061_031_0001_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_031_0000_article/061_031_0003_section/061_031_0003_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_031_0000_article/061_031_0004_section/061_031_0004_k/ https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_031_0000_article/061_031_0005_section/061_031_0005_k/ | Admissions, interrogatories, subpoenas, limited deposition process | **Fresh.** Current HTML. [Kansas Legislature+3](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_031_0000_article/061_031_0001_section/061_031_0001_k/) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S011** | Default proof boundary — Kansas Revisor: https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0055_section/060_002_0055_k/ | Request, entitlement, notice, accounting, damages, evidence | **Fresh.** Used only for proof boundary, not full default rerun. [Kansas Legislature](https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0055_section/060_002_0055_k/) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S012** | *FV-I, Inc. v. Kallevig*, Kansas Supreme Court: https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/2017/111235.html | Standing burden by stage; note enforcement; endorsement evidence | **Fresh relevant read.** Published; mortgage-note context. [Justia Law+3](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/2017/111235.html) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S013** | *U.S. Bank N.A. v. McConnell*, Kansas Court of Appeals: https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2013/107300.html | Standing/RPI distinction and possible cure | **Fresh relevant read.** Published; mortgage context. [Justia Law](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2013/107300.html) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S014** | *Steckline Communications v. Journal Broadcast*, Kansas Supreme Court: https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/2017/111651.html | Assignment restriction, pleading-stage standing, estoppel | **Fresh.** Published commercial-contract case; final merits not decided. [Justia Law+1](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/2017/111651.html) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S015** | *Larson Operating Co. v. Petroleum, Inc.*: https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2004/89949.html | Real-party status, ratification, relation back | **Fresh selected read.** Published; oil/gas context. [Justia Law](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2004/89949.html) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S016** | *Missouri Bank & Trust v. Gas-Mart Development*: https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2006/93662.html | Assignability and anti-assignment clause construction | **Fresh selected read.** Published commercial case. [Justia Law](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2006/93662.html) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S017** | *Miller v. William A. Smith Constructing*: https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1979/49-588-1.html | Complete-writing requirement | **Fresh.** Published; limitations posture. [Justia Law+1](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1979/49-588-1.html) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S018** | *Bonicamp v. McNeely*: https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1963/43-127-0.html | Account-stated agreement and assent | **Fresh.** Published. [Justia Law+1](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1963/43-127-0.html) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S019** | *First National Bank of Omaha v. Lucas*: https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2024/127685.html | Credit-card proof via admissions, use, statements, affidavits | **Fresh. Unpublished and nonprecedential.** [Justia Law+2](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2024/127685.html) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S020** | *Schraft v. Leis*: https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1984/55-954-1.html | Qualified business-record witness and trustworthiness | **Fresh selected read.** Published. [Justia Law+1](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1984/55-954-1.html) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S021** | *Hudson v. City of Shawnee*: https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1990/62-448-3.html | Third-party-origin record foundation and discretion | **Fresh selected read.** Published; not debt-buyer-specific. [Justia Law+1](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1990/62-448-3.html) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S022** | Foundation-failure cases: https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1970/45-778-0.html https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1967/44-493-0.html | *Pacific Indemnity* and *Foster*: exclusion for absent authentication/foundation and mere record retention | **Fresh selected read.** Older cases; current certification statutes can alter method but not erase trustworthiness requirement. [Justia Law+1](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1970/45-778-0.html) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S023** | Certification cases: https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2017/113678.html https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2025/126238.html | *Cleverley* and *Kemp* on K.S.A. 60-245a and 60-465 certification | **Fresh.** Published criminal cases interpreting generally applicable evidence statutes. [Justia Law+1](https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2017/113678.html) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S024** | Kansas Supreme Court Rule 141 — official page: https://kscourts.gov/Rules-Orders/Rules/Summary-Judgment 2026 Rule Book: https://kscourts.gov/KSCourts/media/KsCourts/Rules/2026-RuleBook.pdf | Official title and search-rendered response requirements | **Access failed: HTTP 403.** No complete rule text or PDF page/index claimed. [Kansas Courts+1](https://kscourts.gov/Rules-Orders/Rules/Summary-Judgment) |\n| **S_KS-P15-S025** | Kansas Judicial Council and Self-Help forms: https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-60-civil-actions https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-60-civil-actions/common-civil-forms https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-61-civil-actions/pleadings https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-60-civil-actions/summons-and-service-of-process https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/small-claims/filing-a-small-claims-case https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/small-claims/responding-to-a-small-claims-case https://self-help.kscourts.gov/ConsumerDebts | Official form titles and categories | **Fresh official search verification; direct pages returned 403.** Individual current PDF revision dates not invented. |\n\n# K. PASS-15 claim register\n\n| Claim ID | Precise claim | Source/pinpoint | Conditions, stage, and confidence |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **S_KS-P15-C001** | Kansas standing burden rests on the party asserting it and changes by litigation stage. | S012 | **High; published Kansas Supreme Court.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C002** | Standing remains jurisdictional under current Kansas law. | S012; current Kansas decisions | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C003** | K.S.A. 60-217 requires prosecution by real party in interest or authorized representative. | S001, §60-217 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C004** | Court must ordinarily allow reasonable time for ratification, joinder, or substitution before RPI dismissal. | S001, §60-217 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C005** | RPI cure does not automatically cure every substantive absence of enforcement rights at filing. | S012–S013 | **High nuanced conclusion.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C006** | Capacity and authority generally need not be pleaded but must be specifically denied when challenged. | S001, §60-209 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C007** | An original creditor must prove obligation, breach/default, balance, and damages. | S001, S007, S009 | **High general contract-proof rule.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C008** | An assignee must prove the assignment on which its right depends. | S014–S016 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C009** | Generic portfolio transfer evidence does not necessarily prove inclusion of the defendant’s account. | S006, S014–S016 | **High inference from assignment burden and account-chain records.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C010** | A servicer’s payment authority does not automatically establish real-party status. | S001, S015 | **High conditional conclusion.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C011** | Article 3 enforcement entitlement can exist without ownership. | S004, §84-3-301 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C012** | Negotiation of order paper requires possession and endorsement. | S004, §§84-3-201, 84-3-203 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C013** | Lost-instrument enforcement requires statutory proof and adequate protection. | S004, §84-3-309 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C014** | A written-instrument claim may be pleaded by identification/substance, recital, or attachment. | S001, §60-209(h) | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C015** | Kansas does not universally require contract attachment to the petition. | S001–S002 | **High bounded reading.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C016** | Pleadings ordinarily need not be verified absent specific rule or statute. | S001, §60-211 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C017** | Signing a pleading certifies reasonable inquiry and expected evidentiary support. | S001, §60-211 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C018** | Chapter 61 petition does not impose universal debt affidavit or ledger attachment. | S002 | **High bounded reading.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C019** | Small claims prohibits ordinary discovery and depositions. | S003, §61-2707 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C020** | Small-claims informality does not eliminate substantive proof burden. | S003 | **High legal consequence.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C021** | Account use, admissions, and statements can support credit-card liability without wet-ink contract on a sufficient record. | S019 | **Medium; unpublished, record-specific.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C022** | Lucas does not establish that statements always prove credit-card liability. | S019 | **High source-limit conclusion.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C023** | Complete written-contract evidence must contain material terms rather than depend on oral proof for essentials. | S017 | **High published rule.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C024** | Account stated requires agreement on the account and balance, express or implied. | S018 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C025** | Mailing a statement alone does not automatically establish account stated. | S018 | **High conditional inference.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C026** | Ledger arithmetic and legal charge authority are separate proof issues. | S006–S007 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C027** | K.A.R. 75-6-38 requires covered debt buyers to retain itemized balances, evidence of liability, and ownership chain. | S006, printed regs. 8–10/index 147–149 | **High for covered actors.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C028** | Regulatory record retention does not automatically establish admissibility or consumer production rights. | S006–S008 | **High distinction.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C029** | Authentication requires sufficient evidence that item is what proponent claims. | S007, §60-464 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C030** | Business records require regular course, contemporaneity, and trustworthy source/preparation. | S007, §60-460(m) | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C031** | Custodian is not the only permissible foundation witness. | S020–S021 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C032** | Third-party records can be admissible when knowledge and trustworthiness are sufficiently established. | S020–S021 | **High, case-specific.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C033** | Mere receipt or retention of another’s record does not automatically make it admissible. | S022 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C034** | Each hearsay layer within a business record requires separate treatment. | S007, §60-460 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C035** | Compliant certification can replace live custodian testimony. | S007–S008, S023 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C036** | Certified business-record notice and inspection opportunity are required. | S007, §60-465(b)(7) | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C037** | Self-authentication does not prove ownership, balance, or lawfulness of charges. | S007 | **High distinction.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C038** | Duplicates are generally admissible unless authenticity is genuinely disputed or use would be unfair. | S007, §60-467 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C039** | Accurate readable output of ESI qualifies as an original. | S007, §60-467(h) | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C040** | Lost ordinary documents and lost negotiable instruments are governed by different rules. | S004, S007 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C041** | Summary-judgment affidavits require personal knowledge, admissible facts, competence, and attached sworn/certified papers. | S009, §60-256(e) | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C042** | A party cannot defeat supported summary judgment by pleading denials alone. | S009, §60-256(e) | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C043** | Requests for admission can conclusively establish facts and document genuineness within the action. | S009–S010 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C044** | Chapter 61 admissions and interrogatories are ordinarily limited to ten with 14-day responses. | S010 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C045** | Small claims permits no discovery. | S003 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C046** | Discovery is limited to relevant, proportional, nonprivileged matter and need not itself be admissible. | S009, §60-226 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C047** | Serving discovery does not suspend answer or motion deadlines. | S009–S010 | **High procedural distinction.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C048** | Missing documents do not automatically extinguish debt or require dismissal. | S009 | **High bounded conclusion.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C049** | Motion to compel generally requires good-faith effort to resolve dispute. | S009, §60-237 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C050** | Severe ESI-loss sanctions require intent to deprive under the statutory branch. | S009, §60-237 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C051** | Default does not automatically establish damages; court may require accounting and evidence. | S011 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C052** | Endorsement offered to show its existence/legal effect is not necessarily hearsay. | S012 | **High, instrument-specific.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C053** | Anti-assignment restrictions may be affected by waiver or estoppel, but those defenses require proof. | S014–S016 | **High conditional rule.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C054** | No published Kansas consumer-debt case located creates an automatic adopted-record rule for every debt-buyer spreadsheet. | S020–S023 and bounded searches | **Bounded negative finding.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C055** | Official forms do not prove allegations, standing, or admissibility. | S025 | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C056** | Federal evidence rules are not substituted for Kansas evidence law in Kansas state court. | S007 and Kansas cases | **High jurisdictional distinction.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C057** | Actual assignment, contract, account, and record-system facts remain necessary for case-specific results. | Entire component | **High.** |\n| **S_KS-P15-C058** | No claim, provider, account, suit, or operational approval follows from PASS-15. | Scope | **High project-status statement.** |\n\n# L. Granular coverage and remaining gaps\n\n| Assigned issue | Status | Claims | Exact missing evidence or next action |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Original-creditor standing | **Answered generally** | C001–C007 | Actual obligation and ownership |\n| Assignee standing | **Answered generally** | C001–C009 | Bills of sale, schedules, chain, account link |\n| Debt-buyer chain | **Answered at proof framework** | C008–C009, C027 | Actual purchase records |\n| Servicer authority | **Partial** | C010 | Servicing agreement, owner ratification, sue-in-own-name clause |\n| Trustee authority | **Partial** | C003–C005 | Trust transfer and trustee documents |\n| Agent collection suit | **Partial** | C003–C010 | Agency agreement and Kansas right to sue in own name |\n| Entity counsel distinction | **Answered generally** | C006 | Actual entity and appearance |\n| Standing at filing | **Answered for current Kansas rule; instrument-specific caution** | C001–C005 | Claim-specific enforcement right |\n| RPI cure | **Answered generally** | C003–C005 | Nature and timing of defect |\n| Capacity pleading | **Answered** | C006 | Specific denial and facts |\n| Assignment consent/restriction | **Partial** | C053 | Actual contract and transfer conduct |\n| Universal filing of assignments | **Not required by located law** | C008–C009 | Sector-specific law if asserted |\n| Consumer receipt of purchase agreement | **Not universally required** | C028 | Prelitigation/sector rights separate |\n| Chapter 60 petition elements | **Answered** | C014–C017 | Actual claim allegations |\n| Chapter 61 petition | **Answered** | C018 | Actual form and court |\n| Small-claims pleadings | **Answered** | C019–C020 | Claim eligibility |\n| Verified complaint requirement | **No universal requirement located** | C016 | Special statute/rule if asserted |\n| Contract attachment | **Optional pleading method** | C014–C015 | Court order or special form |\n| Wet-ink original | **No universal requirement** | C021–C023, C038–C040 | Authenticity and claim theory |\n| Original-creditor contract proof | **Answered generally** | C007, C021–C026 | Actual terms, assent, ledger |\n| Credit-card formation | **Partial; record-specific authority** | C021–C023 | Operative agreement and admissions |\n| Account stated | **Answered doctrinally** | C024–C025 | Assent and balance agreement |\n| Open account | **Partial** | — | Actual reciprocal account structure and claim theory |\n| Installment proof | **Answered generally** | C007, C026 | Schedule, cure, acceleration, payment history |\n| Negotiable instrument classification | **Answered** | C011–C013 | Actual instrument |\n| Holder/nonholder proof | **Answered** | C011–C013 | Possession and endorsement evidence |\n| Lost instrument | **Answered at statute level** | C013, C040 | Terms, former entitlement, adequate protection |\n| Principal proof | **Answered generally** | C026–C027 | Actual advances/charges |\n| Interest proof | **Partial** | C026 | Contract/rate/time calculation |\n| Fee proof | **Partial** | C026 | Legal and contractual authority |\n| Payment and credit proof | **Answered generally** | C026–C027 | Complete ledger and source records |\n| Settlement/release | **Partial** | C026 | Actual agreement and compliance |\n| Charge-off balance | **Not self-proving** | C026–C030 | Underlying ledger and authority |\n| Account statements | **Potential evidence, not universal proof** | C021–C026 | Foundation and completeness |\n| Authentication | **Answered** | C029 | Actual record source |\n| Business records | **Answered** | C030–C036 | Witness or certification |\n| Predecessor records | **Partial/case-specific** | C031–C033, C054 | Integration, reliance, source trustworthiness |\n| Multiple hearsay | **Answered generally** | C034 | Each embedded statement |\n| Certification route | **Answered** | C035–C036 | Notice, declaration, objections |\n| Electronic records | **Answered** | C029, C038–C039 | System and output accuracy |\n| Original/duplicate rule | **Answered** | C038–C040 | Authenticity/fairness dispute |\n| Executive affidavit | **Answered at sufficiency framework** | C041 | Actual personal knowledge/foundation |\n| Default proof | **Answered narrowly** | C051 | Pleadings and damage evidence |\n| Admissions | **Answered** | C043–C044 | Actual requests and responses |\n| Chapter 60 discovery | **Answered** | C046–C050 | Scheduling/local orders |\n| Chapter 61 discovery | **Answered** | C044 | Court permission and route |\n| Small-claims discovery | **Answered—prohibited** | C045 | — |\n| Nonparty records | **Answered** | C035–C036 | Actual subpoena and objection |\n| Summary judgment | **Answered** | C041–C042 | Actual admissible evidence |\n| Rule 141 | **Partially verified; official page inaccessible** | — | Complete current official text |\n| Discovery sanctions | **Answered conditionally** | C049–C050 | Order, prejudice, intent |\n| Automatic dismissal for missing file | **Rejected** | C048 | Motion/order and burden analysis |\n| Full evidence objections at trial | **Partial** | C029–C040 | Actual exhibits and objections |\n| Arbitration and jury waiver | **Excluded** | — | Separate dossier |\n| Full limitations | **Excluded except proof crossover** | — | PASS-12 remains unreviewed |\n| Service/default/vacatur | **Excluded except evidence boundary** | C051 | PASS-13 remains unreviewed |\n| Appeals | **Excluded** | — | Separate appellate pass |\n| Postjudgment collection | **Excluded** | — | Later item4 work |\n| Medical/government/secured sectors | **Excluded** | — | Sector passes |\n| Local and tribal law | **Excluded** | — | Separate review |\n| Full citator | **Not performed** | C054 | Commercial citator/unpublished decisions |\n| Actual account or provider | **Not reviewed** | C057–C058 | Authorized public case-specific evidence |\n| Component/state/parent/A066 acceptance | **Not evaluated** | C058 | No acceptance follows |\n\n# M. Researcher self-check\n\n## Actually read or inspected in PASS-15\n\n- Current Kansas pleading, verification, capacity, real-party, discovery, summary-judgment, default-proof, authentication, hearsay, certification, original/duplicate, subpoena, and Chapter 61 discovery provisions.\n- Current Kansas UCC instrument definitions, negotiation, transfer, enforcement, signature, and lost-instrument provisions.\n- K.S.A. 16a-3-203’s assignment-notice boundary.\n- K.A.R. 75-6-38’s current assignment, account, collection, servicing, defaulted-debt, and chain-of-title record requirements, including visual inspection of PDF indices 144–149.\n- Current Kansas small-claims restrictions on pleadings, representation, and discovery.\n- Material portions of:*FV-I v. Kallevig**U.S. Bank v. McConnell**Steckline Communications**Larson Operating**Missouri Bank v. Gas-Mart**Miller**Bonicamp**First National Bank of Omaha v. Lucas**Schraft**Hudson**Pacific Indemnity**Foster**Cleverley**Kemp*\n- Official Kansas form indexes and the official Rule 141 search result.\n\n## Access and currentness limits\n\n- The Kansas Courts Rule 141 page and 2026 Rule Book returned HTTP 403; only the official title and search-rendered excerpts were used.\n- Kansas Judicial Council form pages returned HTTP 403 during direct opening. Form titles were identified through official search indexes; current individual PDF revision dates were not invented.\n- Several Kansas opinions were read through public opinion reproductions rather than official court PDFs.\n- No subscription citator, trial-court docket, private records, or commercial assignment database was used.\n- No complete rulemaking or statutory amendment history was performed.\n\n## Not read or obtained\n\n- Any actual account agreement, application, statement, ledger, payment image, bill of sale, purchase agreement, account schedule, servicing agreement, trust instrument, affidavit, witness transcript, discovery response, court exhibit, or judgment.\n- A complete Kansas debt-buyer business-record appellate line.\n- Every unpublished Kansas credit-card or assigned-debt opinion.\n- Every local district-court rule.\n- Full fee and interest legality.\n- Full limitation, arbitration, service, default, appeal, judgment, lien, renewal, garnishment, or exemption law.\n- Any private case or provider lookup, filing, contact, purchase, records request, website work, publication, browser control, or CAPTCHA workaround.\n\n## Numeric self-check\n\nThe illustrative balances were independently recalculated:\n\nPlain text\n```\n$4,000 + $220 + $90 − $400 − $60 = $3,850\n$3,500 + $280 + $525 − $1,000 − $100 = $3,205\n```\n\nThose calculations establish arithmetic only. They do not establish lawful interest, fee authorization, account ownership, default, or collectibility.\n\n## Method limits\n\n- A debt-sale label was not treated as ownership proof.\n- A collection license was not treated as authority to sue.\n- A generic bill of sale was not treated as account-level proof.\n- Regulatory record retention was not treated as automatic admissibility.\n- Authentication was not treated as a hearsay exception.\n- A business-record foundation was not treated as merits proof.\n- A custodian affidavit was not treated as universally sufficient.\n- Statements were not treated as a universally complete contract.\n- Absence of wet ink was not treated as automatic claim failure.\n- Discovery requests were not treated as answers or deadline stays.\n- Missing records were not treated as automatic debt extinction.\n- Default was not treated as automatic proof of every damage amount.\n- Federal evidence law was not substituted for Kansas state evidence law.\n- No debt validity, ownership, lawful balance, standing result, filing position, litigation outcome, provider approval, operational clearance, component acceptance, Kansas acceptance, parent-dossier acceptance, A066 acceptance, or publication readiness is supplied.\n\n## PASS-15 conclusion\n\nKansas ordinary consumer-debt proof is a chain, not a single document. The plaintiff must first be the proper claimant or authorized enforcer, then plead a recognized claim, authenticate the supporting records, overcome hearsay and original-document issues, and prove the obligation, transfer, default, and every component of damages.\n\nThe rules do not universally require an original wet-ink contract or live testimony from every originating creditor. Kansas permits alternative formation evidence, qualified business-record witnesses, certifications, duplicates, electronic originals, and statutory lost-instrument proof. But those flexible routes are not automatic shortcuts: a generic bill of sale may fail to identify the account, an executive affidavit may lack personal knowledge, an imported ledger may lack source trustworthiness, and an admissible record may still fail to prove lawful fees, uncredited payments, or the current balance.\n\nEND S_KS PASS-15.\n\n","tables":[{"headers":["Concept","Kansas question","Ordinary debt example","Possible cure or consequence"],"index":0,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Concept","Kansas question","Ordinary debt example","Possible cure or consequence"],["Standing","Does the plaintiff have a personal, legally cognizable interest in enforcing the obligation?","Original creditor alleges nonpayment; assignee claims ownership; note holder claims enforcement right","Burden changes by stage; lack of standing is jurisdictional under current Kansas decisions"],["Real party in interest","Is the action prosecuted by the person possessing the substantive right, or an authorized statutory representative?","Owner, trustee, executor, authorized contract party, or ratified principal","K.S.A. 60-217 allows reasonable time after objection for ratification, joinder, or substitution"],["Capacity","Can the named person or entity sue in its stated legal status?","Corporation’s legal existence, trustee authority, estate representative","Must be raised by specific denial when required by K.S.A. 60-209"],["Assignment","Did the assignor transfer the particular right sued upon to the plaintiff?","Portfolio sale plus account schedule linking the consumer account","Requires actual transfer evidence; defect may sometimes be cured but not by label alone"],["Agency/servicing authority","Does a nonowner have authority to prosecute in its own name or only act for the owner?","Servicer, collection agent, attorney, trust administrator","Principal may ratify or join; agent may need contractual or statutory authority"],["Instrument enforcement","Is plaintiff a “person entitled to enforce” under Article 3?","Holder of note, nonholder in possession with holder rights, lost-note claimant","Ownership and enforcement entitlement are not identical"]]},{"headers":["Plaintiff model","What generally must be shown","Common missing link","Stage consequences"],"index":1,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Plaintiff model","What generally must be shown","Common missing link","Stage consequences"],["Original creditor","Formation or assent, its performance, debtor’s obligation, breach/default, lawful balance","Missing operative terms, incomplete payment ledger, unexplained fees, uncredited payments","Allegations may plead claim; proof required at summary judgment/trial"],["Debt buyer/assignee","Original obligation plus each necessary assignment; right passed to plaintiff; particular account included","Generic bill of sale with no account-level link; incomplete ownership chain; seller identity mismatch","Assignment allegation may survive pleading; admissible chain/account-link proof needed if challenged"],["Servicer for current owner","Servicing agreement, authority to act, whether servicer can sue in its own name, owner’s real-party status","Contract authorizes servicing but not suit; no ratification by owner","Owner may need ratification, joinder, or substitution"],["Trustee","Trust or statutory authority and ownership or enforcement rights held for trust","Trust name alone; no transfer into trust; no trustee appointment proof","Trustee can sue if statutory/contractual role established"],["Collection agency as agent","Actual authority and legal basis to prosecute in own name","Placement agreement only authorizes collection communications; creditor retains claim","Agency alone does not automatically make collector real party"],["Attorney for creditor","Creditor is plaintiff; attorney appears as counsel","Attorney or firm named as plaintiff despite no ownership","Counsel status does not convey claim ownership"],["Holder of negotiable note","Possession, endorsement status, and Article 3 enforcement status at relevant stage","Copy without possession proof; endorsement timing uncertain","Article 3 rules can permit enforcement without ownership"],["Nonholder in possession","Possession plus transfer of holder’s enforcement rights","No evidence how transferee obtained the instrument","K.S.A. 84-3-203 proof required"],["Lost-instrument claimant","Statutory lost-instrument predicates, terms, right to enforce, and adequate protection","No proof claimant/predecessor was entitled when loss occurred","Court cannot enter enforcement judgment without adequate protection"],["Small-claims plaintiff","Must also satisfy Small Claims Act plaintiff/claim restrictions","Assigned debt, subrogation claim, or agent suing debt owed another","Claim can be outside statutory small-claims authority even if amount is below $10,000"]]},{"headers":["Item","Pleading stage","Summary judgment","Trial","Default"],"index":2,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Item","Pleading stage","Summary judgment","Trial","Default"],["Plaintiff ownership/authority","General factual allegations may suffice","Specific evidence required if challenged","Admissible evidence required","Well-pleaded allegations may be admitted, but entitlement still required"],["Contract","Identify/substance/recite/attach","Authenticated evidence and admissible terms","Admitted contract or alternative formation proof","Court may require proof depending on claim/damages"],["Assignment","Allegation of transfer can suffice initially","Chain/account-link evidence if genuinely disputed","Admissible chain evidence","Generic allegation may not prove uncertain damages or authority where court demands evidence"],["Balance","Specific amount can be pleaded","Ledger/admissions/affidavit and support","Admissible account proof","Court may conduct accounting or receive evidence"],["Fees and interest","Alleged amount and basis","Contract/statutory support and arithmetic","Proof of authorization and calculation","Not automatically admitted merely because requested"],["Default/nonpayment","Alleged","Payment history, admissions, or other evidence","Admitted evidence","Failure to deny can admit liability allegation, but damages remain court-controlled"],["Written instrument copy","Optional pleading method","Often material to prove terms","Original/duplicate or exception","Depends on court’s entitlement inquiry"]]},{"headers":["Claimed status","Required core proof"],"index":3,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Claimed status","Required core proof"],["Holder","Possession plus instrument payable to bearer or to plaintiff through valid endorsements"],["Nonholder in possession with holder rights","Possession plus transfer evidence showing holder’s enforcement rights passed"],["Owner without possession","Ownership alone may be insufficient to enforce"],["Lost-instrument claimant","Statutory loss predicates, instrument terms, former entitlement, inability to obtain possession, and adequate protection"],["Signature challenged","Specific denial can shift burden to proponent; signature remains presumed authentic and authorized under statutory conditions"],["Endorsement evidence","Endorsement must be authenticated; it is not necessarily hearsay when offered to show its legal existence rather than truth of a factual assertion"]]},{"headers":["Gate","Question"],"index":4,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Gate","Question"],["Relevance","Does the record tend to prove an issue in the claim?"],["Authentication","Is there sufficient evidence that the record is what the proponent says it is?"],["Hearsay","Is it offered for the truth of an out-of-court statement, and if so, is there an exception?"],["Original/duplicate rule","Is an original required, or is a duplicate or other evidence permitted?"],["Substantive sufficiency","Even if admitted, does it prove ownership, assent, default, and the balance?"]]},{"headers":["Tool","Timing or response rule","Use in debt case","Critical limit"],"index":5,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Tool","Timing or response rule","Use in debt case","Critical limit"],["Interrogatories — K.S.A. 60-233","Generally 30 days; defendant ordinarily 45 days after service of process","Identify owner, assignments, witnesses, ledger method, payment application","Must be answered under oath; objections specific"],["Document requests — K.S.A. 60-234","Generally 30 days; defendant ordinarily 45 days after service of process","Contracts, amendments, assignments, schedules, ledgers, statements, settlement records","Only possession, custody, or control; requests must describe with reasonable particularity"],["Requests for admission — K.S.A. 60-236","Generally 30 days; defendant ordinarily 45 days after service of process","Genuineness, use, payments, account link, balance components","Nonresponse can conclusively establish matters in that case"],["Depositions","Governed by Chapter 60 rules and scheduling orders","Test records witness, assignment witness, consumer","Cost/proportionality and protective orders"],["Party subpoena","K.S.A. 60-245","Testimony and specified records","Must avoid undue burden; privilege and objections apply"],["Nonparty business-record subpoena","14-day notice before issuance; objection period applies","Original-creditor records, bank records, vendor records","Objection can halt production absent court order"],["Summary judgment","Motion generally by 30 days after discovery closes; response 21 days; reply 14 days unless court/local rule differs","Resolve ownership, contract, liability, or balance where no genuine factual issue","Evidence must satisfy K.S.A. 60-256; pleadings alone insufficient"]]},{"headers":["Tool","Chapter 61 rule"],"index":6,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Tool","Chapter 61 rule"],["Requests for admission","Available after answer or disputed appearance; maximum ten absent permission; response within 14 days; nonresponse deemed admitted"],["Interrogatories","Maximum ten; response within 14 days; court may allow more or longer"],["Document production","K.S.A. 60-234 is adopted through K.S.A. 61-2912"],["Subpoenas","K.S.A. 60-245 and 60-245a apply through K.S.A. 61-3104"],["Depositions","Only for use as evidence; motion and court authorization required; seven-day objection/hearing process"],["Summary judgment","K.S.A. 60-256 is adopted to the extent consistent"],["Small claims","Discovery and depositions prohibited"]]},{"headers":["Stage","Plaintiff burden","Defendant’s available response","Main consequence of inadequate evidence"],"index":7,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Stage","Plaintiff burden","Defendant’s available response","Main consequence of inadequate evidence"],["Petition","Plead recognizable claim, plaintiff role, obligation, breach, amount, and relief","Motion to dismiss, specific capacity/authority denial, answer, affirmative defenses","Dismissal if allegations fail as law; factual disputes ordinarily not resolved"],["Answer","No immediate new proof unless challenged","Admit, deny, lack knowledge; plead payment, release, fraud, limitations, failure of consideration, standing/RPI issues as appropriate","Unanswered non-damages allegations may be admitted"],["Discovery","Produce responsive nonprivileged records in possession/custody/control","Seek contracts, chain, ledger, witnesses; object proportionally","Motion to compel or sanctions only after procedural predicates"],["Requests for admission","Properly frame facts/genuineness","Timely admit, deny, or explain inability after reasonable inquiry","Unanswered matters deemed admitted in that action"],["Summary judgment","Admissible evidence of every necessary disputed element","Specific admissible counterevidence or authorized request for more discovery","Denial or judgment against party lacking proof"],["Trial","Prove elements by applicable burden through admitted evidence","Authentication/hearsay/merits objections; affirmative defenses; cross-examination","Judgment based on proven elements"],["Default","Well-pleaded liability plus proof of entitlement and uncertain damages as court requires","Set-aside routes depend on service/default procedure","No automatic entitlement to unsupported damages"]]},{"headers":["Authority","Court/status","Material holding","Scope and limitation"],"index":8,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Authority","Court/status","Material holding","Scope and limitation"],["FV-I, Inc. v. Kallevig, 306 Kan. 204 (2017)","Kansas Supreme Court, published","Standing burden varies by stage; note-enforcement status and possession at filing matter; endorsements offered for legal effect were not necessarily hearsay","Mortgage-note context; not a universal ordinary-contract assignment rule"],["U.S. Bank v. McConnell, 48 Kan. App. 2d 892 (2013)","Published Kansas Court of Appeals","Real-party defect can in some circumstances be cured under K.S.A. 60-217","Mortgage context; cure depends on nature of defect"],["Steckline Communications v. Journal Broadcast, 305 Kan. 761 (2017)","Kansas Supreme Court, published","Assignment challenger at dismissal stage could not defeat adequately pleaded estoppel facts; burden changes by stage","Commercial contract; final assignment/estoppel merits not decided"],["Larson Operating Co. v. Petroleum, Inc., 32 Kan. App. 2d 460 (2004)","Published","Ratification and actual possession of the asserted right can support RPI status; cure relates back","Oil-and-gas contractual setting"],["Missouri Bank v. Gas-Mart Development, 35 Kan. App. 2d 738 (2006)","Published","Choses in action generally assignable; assignment clause construction depends on wording","Commercial arbitration award"],["Miller v. William A. Smith Constructing, 226 Kan. 172 (1979)","Kansas Supreme Court, published","Writing relied on as complete contract must contain material terms without essential oral supplementation","Limitations classification, but useful to contract-proof sufficiency"],["Bonicamp v. McNeely, 191 Kan. 225 (1963)","Kansas Supreme Court, published","Account stated requires agreement on balance; assent can be implied from circumstances","Accounting-services account, not credit-card-specific"],["First National Bank of Omaha v. Lucas, No. 127,685 (2024)","Unpublished Kansas Court of Appeals","Admissions, use, statements, and affidavits supported credit-card summary judgment without wet-ink contract","Nonprecedential; unusual admissions and divorce facts"],["Schraft v. Leis, 236 Kan. 28 (1984)","Kansas Supreme Court, published","Business-record witness need not be formal custodian or creator; knowledge and trustworthiness control","Commercial/corporate records"],["Hudson v. City of Shawnee, 246 Kan. 395 (1990)","Kansas Supreme Court, published","Third-party-origin records can be admitted where qualified testimony and circumstances establish trustworthiness","Valuation records, not debt-buyer portfolio records"],["Pacific Indemnity v. Berge, 205 Kan. 755 (1970)","Kansas Supreme Court, published","Documents lacking identification, foundation, and authentication were properly excluded","General evidence principle"],["State v. Foster, 198 Kan. 52 (1967)","Kansas Supreme Court, published","Retaining a third-party report does not automatically make it recipient’s admissible business record","Older case; predates modern certification amendments"],["State v. Cleverley, No. 113,678 (2017)","Published Kansas Court of Appeals","Compliant K.S.A. 60-245a affidavit can replace live custodian; bare objection does not itself require attendance","Criminal case; evidence-statute construction"],["State v. Kemp, No. 126,238 (2025)","Published Kansas Court of Appeals","Certified domestic business record requires a certification satisfying K.S.A. 60-465(b)(7)","Criminal case; statutory construction"],["State v. Cremer, 234 Kan. 594 (1984)","Kansas Supreme Court, published","Bank statements could be admitted based on business receipt/use and trustworthiness without bank creator testimony","Criminal case; does not create automatic adopted-record rule"]]},{"headers":["Form/resource","Official URL","Purpose","Access/version limitation"],"index":9,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Form/resource","Official URL","Purpose","Access/version limitation"],["Kansas Judicial Council — Chapter 60 Civil Actions","https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-60-civil-actions","Main Chapter 60 form index","Official page located; direct opening returned 403 in this session"],["Common Civil Forms","https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-60-civil-actions/common-civil-forms","Includes Petition for Breach of Contract and basic Answer with Defenses","Search-rendered inventory only; current individual PDF revision not exposed"],["Chapter 61 Pleadings","https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-61-civil-actions/pleadings","Includes Petition for Recovery of Contractual Debt Not Secured by a Lien and answer-related forms","Official page located; direct access unavailable"],["Chapter 60 Summons and Service of Process","https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-60-civil-actions/summons-and-service-of-process","Summons, return of service, publication, special process-server forms","Does not prove actual service in a case"],["Small Claims — Filing a Case","https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/small-claims/filing-a-small-claims-case","Petition, service request, venue, cover sheet, poverty affidavit","Assigned-debt exclusion remains statutory"],["Small Claims — Responding","https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/small-claims/responding-to-a-small-claims-case","Defendant’s claim and response-oriented instructions","No ordinary answer pleading under small-claims statute"],["Kansas Self-Help — Consumer Debts","https://self-help.kscourts.gov/ConsumerDebts","Public self-help route and limited-action answer information","General public aid, not authoritative proof of claim elements"],["Find Court Forms","https://self-help.kscourts.gov/FindCourtForms","Court form search index","Individual form currentness must be checked when used"]]},{"headers":["Component","Required issue"],"index":10,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Component","Required issue"],["$3,500 principal","Was it advanced or charged by consumer?"],["$280 interest","What contract/rate/time period authorizes it?"],["$525 collection fee","Is it contractually and legally authorized and actually incurred?"],["$1,000 payments","Were all payments posted and allocated correctly?"],["$100 refund credit","Was it final and correctly applied?"]]},{"headers":["Source ID","Title, issuer, and full literal URL","Exact read scope","Status/access limits"],"index":11,"links":[{"href":"https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0017_section/060_002_0017_k/","text":"Kansas Legislature\n+3"},{"href":"https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_029_0000_article/061_029_0003_section/061_029_0003_k/","text":"Kansas Legislature\n+1"},{"href":"https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_027_0000_article/061_027_0012_section/061_027_0012_k/","text":"Kansas Legislature\n+2"},{"href":"https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0104_section/084_003_0104_k/","text":"Kansas Legislature\n+5"},{"href":"https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/016a_000_0000_chapter/016a_003_0000_article/016a_003_0203_section/016a_003_0203_k/","text":"Kansas Legislature"},{"href":"https://osbckansas.gov/legal/uccc_2026.pdf","text":"Kansas Bank Commissioner\n+5"},{"href":"https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0060_section/060_004_0060_k/","text":"Kansas Legislature\n+4"},{"href":"https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0045_section/060_002_0045_k/","text":"Kansas Legislature\n+1"},{"href":"https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0026_section/060_002_0026_k/","text":"Kansas Legislature\n+7"},{"href":"https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_031_0000_article/061_031_0001_section/061_031_0001_k/","text":"Kansas Legislature\n+3"},{"href":"https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0055_section/060_002_0055_k/","text":"Kansas Legislature"},{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/2017/111235.html","text":"Justia Law\n+3"},{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2013/107300.html","text":"Justia Law"},{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/2017/111651.html","text":"Justia Law\n+1"},{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2004/89949.html","text":"Justia Law"},{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2006/93662.html","text":"Justia Law"},{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1979/49-588-1.html","text":"Justia Law\n+1"},{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1963/43-127-0.html","text":"Justia Law\n+1"},{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2024/127685.html","text":"Justia Law\n+2"},{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1984/55-954-1.html","text":"Justia Law\n+1"},{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1990/62-448-3.html","text":"Justia Law\n+1"},{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1970/45-778-0.html","text":"Justia Law\n+1"},{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2017/113678.html","text":"Justia Law\n+1"},{"href":"https://kscourts.gov/Rules-Orders/Rules/Summary-Judgment","text":"Kansas Courts\n+1"}],"row_links":[[],[{"href":"https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0017_section/060_002_0017_k/","text":"Kansas Legislature\n+3"}],[{"href":"https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_029_0000_article/061_029_0003_section/061_029_0003_k/","text":"Kansas Legislature\n+1"}],[{"href":"https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_027_0000_article/061_027_0012_section/061_027_0012_k/","text":"Kansas Legislature\n+2"}],[{"href":"https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0104_section/084_003_0104_k/","text":"Kansas Legislature\n+5"}],[{"href":"https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/016a_000_0000_chapter/016a_003_0000_article/016a_003_0203_section/016a_003_0203_k/","text":"Kansas Legislature"}],[{"href":"https://osbckansas.gov/legal/uccc_2026.pdf","text":"Kansas Bank Commissioner\n+5"}],[{"href":"https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0060_section/060_004_0060_k/","text":"Kansas Legislature\n+4"}],[{"href":"https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0045_section/060_002_0045_k/","text":"Kansas Legislature\n+1"}],[{"href":"https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0026_section/060_002_0026_k/","text":"Kansas Legislature\n+7"}],[{"href":"https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_031_0000_article/061_031_0001_section/061_031_0001_k/","text":"Kansas Legislature\n+3"}],[{"href":"https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0055_section/060_002_0055_k/","text":"Kansas Legislature"}],[{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/2017/111235.html","text":"Justia Law\n+3"}],[{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2013/107300.html","text":"Justia Law"}],[{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/2017/111651.html","text":"Justia Law\n+1"}],[{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2004/89949.html","text":"Justia Law"}],[{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2006/93662.html","text":"Justia Law"}],[{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1979/49-588-1.html","text":"Justia Law\n+1"}],[{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1963/43-127-0.html","text":"Justia Law\n+1"}],[{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2024/127685.html","text":"Justia Law\n+2"}],[{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1984/55-954-1.html","text":"Justia Law\n+1"}],[{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1990/62-448-3.html","text":"Justia Law\n+1"}],[{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1970/45-778-0.html","text":"Justia Law\n+1"}],[{"href":"https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2017/113678.html","text":"Justia Law\n+1"}],[{"href":"https://kscourts.gov/Rules-Orders/Rules/Summary-Judgment","text":"Kansas Courts\n+1"}],[]],"rows":[["Source ID","Title, issuer, and full literal URL","Exact read scope","Status/access limits"],["S_KS-P15-S001","Kansas pleading, real-party, and signature statutes — Kansas Revisor:\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0008_section/060_002_0008_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0009_section/060_002_0009_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0011_section/060_002_0011_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0017_section/060_002_0017_k/","Complete material K.S.A. 60-208, 60-209, 60-211, and 60-217","Fresh Oct. 26, 2026 Pacific/UTC. Current HTML; no printed page/PDF index. No complete amendment-history audit. \nKansas Legislature\n+3"],["S_KS-P15-S002","Chapter 61 pleading and adopted procedures — Kansas Revisor:\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_029_0000_article/061_029_0003_section/061_029_0003_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_029_0000_article/061_029_0012_section/061_029_0012_k/","Complete material §§61-2903 and 61-2912","Fresh. Current HTML. \nKansas Legislature\n+1"],["S_KS-P15-S003","Small Claims Procedure Act — Kansas Revisor:\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_027_0000_article/061_027_0006_section/061_027_0006_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_027_0000_article/061_027_0007_section/061_027_0007_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_027_0000_article/061_027_0012_section/061_027_0012_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_027_0000_article/061_027_0013_section/061_027_0013_k/","Excess-claim options, trial, representation, no discovery, court powers, forms","Fresh. Current HTML. Postjudgment enforcement excluded. \nKansas Legislature\n+2"],["S_KS-P15-S004","Kansas UCC negotiable-instrument provisions — Kansas Revisor:\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0104_section/084_003_0104_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0201_section/084_003_0201_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0203_section/084_003_0203_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0301_section/084_003_0301_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0308_section/084_003_0308_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0309_section/084_003_0309_k/","Negotiability, negotiation, transfer, person entitled to enforce, signatures, lost instruments","Fresh targeted read. No actual instrument reviewed. \nKansas Legislature\n+5"],["S_KS-P15-S005","UCCC assignment notice — Kansas Revisor:\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/016a_000_0000_chapter/016a_003_0000_article/016a_003_0203_section/016a_003_0203_k/","Complete assignment-notice and reasonable-proof provision","Fresh scoped read. Prelitigation rule only; no trial-admissibility conclusion. \nKansas Legislature"],["S_KS-P15-S006","K.A.R. 75-6-38 in 2026 Kansas Uniform Consumer Credit Code and Regulations, OSBC:\nhttps://osbckansas.gov/legal/uccc_2026.pdf","PDF index 144/printed UCCC Regulations 5 through index 149/printed 10","Fresh targeted PDF read and page-image inspection. Rule amended July 24, 2026. Direct rule-history audit not performed. \nKansas Bank Commissioner\n+5"],["S_KS-P15-S007","Kansas evidence statutes — Kansas Revisor:\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0060_section/060_004_0060_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0064_section/060_004_0064_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0065_section/060_004_0065_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0067_section/060_004_0067_k/","Party admissions; business records; authentication; self-authentication; original, duplicate, summaries, electronic originals","Fresh complete material read. Current HTML. Proposed 2026 legislation shown on some pages was not treated as enacted. \nKansas Legislature\n+4"],["S_KS-P15-S008","Nonparty records and subpoenas — Kansas Revisor:\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0045_section/060_002_0045_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0045a_section/060_002_0045a_k/","Subpoena contents, burden protections, nonparty-record notice, objections, custodian declarations","Fresh. Current HTML. No subpoena was issued. \nKansas Legislature\n+1"],["S_KS-P15-S009","Chapter 60 discovery and summary judgment — Kansas Revisor:\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0026_section/060_002_0026_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0033_section/060_002_0033_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0034_section/060_002_0034_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0036_section/060_002_0036_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0037_section/060_002_0037_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0056_section/060_002_0056_k/","Scope, interrogatories, production, admissions, sanctions, ESI loss, summary judgment","Fresh material read. Local orders can alter timing. \nKansas Legislature\n+7"],["S_KS-P15-S010","Chapter 61 discovery — Kansas Revisor:\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_031_0000_article/061_031_0001_section/061_031_0001_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_031_0000_article/061_031_0003_section/061_031_0003_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_031_0000_article/061_031_0004_section/061_031_0004_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_031_0000_article/061_031_0005_section/061_031_0005_k/","Admissions, interrogatories, subpoenas, limited deposition process","Fresh. Current HTML. \nKansas Legislature\n+3"],["S_KS-P15-S011","Default proof boundary — Kansas Revisor:\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0055_section/060_002_0055_k/","Request, entitlement, notice, accounting, damages, evidence","Fresh. Used only for proof boundary, not full default rerun. \nKansas Legislature"],["S_KS-P15-S012","FV-I, Inc. v. Kallevig, Kansas Supreme Court:\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/2017/111235.html","Standing burden by stage; note enforcement; endorsement evidence","Fresh relevant read. Published; mortgage-note context. \nJustia Law\n+3"],["S_KS-P15-S013","U.S. Bank N.A. v. McConnell, Kansas Court of Appeals:\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2013/107300.html","Standing/RPI distinction and possible cure","Fresh relevant read. Published; mortgage context. \nJustia Law"],["S_KS-P15-S014","Steckline Communications v. Journal Broadcast, Kansas Supreme Court:\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/2017/111651.html","Assignment restriction, pleading-stage standing, estoppel","Fresh. Published commercial-contract case; final merits not decided. \nJustia Law\n+1"],["S_KS-P15-S015","Larson Operating Co. v. Petroleum, Inc.:\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2004/89949.html","Real-party status, ratification, relation back","Fresh selected read. Published; oil/gas context. \nJustia Law"],["S_KS-P15-S016","Missouri Bank & Trust v. Gas-Mart Development:\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2006/93662.html","Assignability and anti-assignment clause construction","Fresh selected read. Published commercial case. \nJustia Law"],["S_KS-P15-S017","Miller v. William A. Smith Constructing:\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1979/49-588-1.html","Complete-writing requirement","Fresh. Published; limitations posture. \nJustia Law\n+1"],["S_KS-P15-S018","Bonicamp v. McNeely:\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1963/43-127-0.html","Account-stated agreement and assent","Fresh. Published. \nJustia Law\n+1"],["S_KS-P15-S019","First National Bank of Omaha v. Lucas:\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2024/127685.html","Credit-card proof via admissions, use, statements, affidavits","Fresh. Unpublished and nonprecedential. \nJustia Law\n+2"],["S_KS-P15-S020","Schraft v. Leis:\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1984/55-954-1.html","Qualified business-record witness and trustworthiness","Fresh selected read. Published. \nJustia Law\n+1"],["S_KS-P15-S021","Hudson v. City of Shawnee:\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1990/62-448-3.html","Third-party-origin record foundation and discretion","Fresh selected read. Published; not debt-buyer-specific. \nJustia Law\n+1"],["S_KS-P15-S022","Foundation-failure cases:\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1970/45-778-0.html\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1967/44-493-0.html","Pacific Indemnity and Foster: exclusion for absent authentication/foundation and mere record retention","Fresh selected read. Older cases; current certification statutes can alter method but not erase trustworthiness requirement. \nJustia Law\n+1"],["S_KS-P15-S023","Certification cases:\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2017/113678.html\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2025/126238.html","Cleverley and Kemp on K.S.A. 60-245a and 60-465 certification","Fresh. Published criminal cases interpreting generally applicable evidence statutes. \nJustia Law\n+1"],["S_KS-P15-S024","Kansas Supreme Court Rule 141 — official page:\nhttps://kscourts.gov/Rules-Orders/Rules/Summary-Judgment\n2026 Rule Book:\nhttps://kscourts.gov/KSCourts/media/KsCourts/Rules/2026-RuleBook.pdf","Official title and search-rendered response requirements","Access failed: HTTP 403. No complete rule text or PDF page/index claimed. \nKansas Courts\n+1"],["S_KS-P15-S025","Kansas Judicial Council and Self-Help forms:\nhttps://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-60-civil-actions\nhttps://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-60-civil-actions/common-civil-forms\nhttps://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-61-civil-actions/pleadings\nhttps://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-60-civil-actions/summons-and-service-of-process\nhttps://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/small-claims/filing-a-small-claims-case\nhttps://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/small-claims/responding-to-a-small-claims-case\nhttps://self-help.kscourts.gov/ConsumerDebts","Official form titles and categories","Fresh official search verification; direct pages returned 403. Individual current PDF revision dates not invented."]]},{"headers":["Claim ID","Precise claim","Source/pinpoint","Conditions, stage, and confidence"],"index":12,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Claim ID","Precise claim","Source/pinpoint","Conditions, stage, and confidence"],["S_KS-P15-C001","Kansas standing burden rests on the party asserting it and changes by litigation stage.","S012","High; published Kansas Supreme Court."],["S_KS-P15-C002","Standing remains jurisdictional under current Kansas law.","S012; current Kansas decisions","High."],["S_KS-P15-C003","K.S.A. 60-217 requires prosecution by real party in interest or authorized representative.","S001, §60-217","High."],["S_KS-P15-C004","Court must ordinarily allow reasonable time for ratification, joinder, or substitution before RPI dismissal.","S001, §60-217","High."],["S_KS-P15-C005","RPI cure does not automatically cure every substantive absence of enforcement rights at filing.","S012–S013","High nuanced conclusion."],["S_KS-P15-C006","Capacity and authority generally need not be pleaded but must be specifically denied when challenged.","S001, §60-209","High."],["S_KS-P15-C007","An original creditor must prove obligation, breach/default, balance, and damages.","S001, S007, S009","High general contract-proof rule."],["S_KS-P15-C008","An assignee must prove the assignment on which its right depends.","S014–S016","High."],["S_KS-P15-C009","Generic portfolio transfer evidence does not necessarily prove inclusion of the defendant’s account.","S006, S014–S016","High inference from assignment burden and account-chain records."],["S_KS-P15-C010","A servicer’s payment authority does not automatically establish real-party status.","S001, S015","High conditional conclusion."],["S_KS-P15-C011","Article 3 enforcement entitlement can exist without ownership.","S004, §84-3-301","High."],["S_KS-P15-C012","Negotiation of order paper requires possession and endorsement.","S004, §§84-3-201, 84-3-203","High."],["S_KS-P15-C013","Lost-instrument enforcement requires statutory proof and adequate protection.","S004, §84-3-309","High."],["S_KS-P15-C014","A written-instrument claim may be pleaded by identification/substance, recital, or attachment.","S001, §60-209(h)","High."],["S_KS-P15-C015","Kansas does not universally require contract attachment to the petition.","S001–S002","High bounded reading."],["S_KS-P15-C016","Pleadings ordinarily need not be verified absent specific rule or statute.","S001, §60-211","High."],["S_KS-P15-C017","Signing a pleading certifies reasonable inquiry and expected evidentiary support.","S001, §60-211","High."],["S_KS-P15-C018","Chapter 61 petition does not impose universal debt affidavit or ledger attachment.","S002","High bounded reading."],["S_KS-P15-C019","Small claims prohibits ordinary discovery and depositions.","S003, §61-2707","High."],["S_KS-P15-C020","Small-claims informality does not eliminate substantive proof burden.","S003","High legal consequence."],["S_KS-P15-C021","Account use, admissions, and statements can support credit-card liability without wet-ink contract on a sufficient record.","S019","Medium; unpublished, record-specific."],["S_KS-P15-C022","Lucas does not establish that statements always prove credit-card liability.","S019","High source-limit conclusion."],["S_KS-P15-C023","Complete written-contract evidence must contain material terms rather than depend on oral proof for essentials.","S017","High published rule."],["S_KS-P15-C024","Account stated requires agreement on the account and balance, express or implied.","S018","High."],["S_KS-P15-C025","Mailing a statement alone does not automatically establish account stated.","S018","High conditional inference."],["S_KS-P15-C026","Ledger arithmetic and legal charge authority are separate proof issues.","S006–S007","High."],["S_KS-P15-C027","K.A.R. 75-6-38 requires covered debt buyers to retain itemized balances, evidence of liability, and ownership chain.","S006, printed regs. 8–10/index 147–149","High for covered actors."],["S_KS-P15-C028","Regulatory record retention does not automatically establish admissibility or consumer production rights.","S006–S008","High distinction."],["S_KS-P15-C029","Authentication requires sufficient evidence that item is what proponent claims.","S007, §60-464","High."],["S_KS-P15-C030","Business records require regular course, contemporaneity, and trustworthy source/preparation.","S007, §60-460(m)","High."],["S_KS-P15-C031","Custodian is not the only permissible foundation witness.","S020–S021","High."],["S_KS-P15-C032","Third-party records can be admissible when knowledge and trustworthiness are sufficiently established.","S020–S021","High, case-specific."],["S_KS-P15-C033","Mere receipt or retention of another’s record does not automatically make it admissible.","S022","High."],["S_KS-P15-C034","Each hearsay layer within a business record requires separate treatment.","S007, §60-460","High."],["S_KS-P15-C035","Compliant certification can replace live custodian testimony.","S007–S008, S023","High."],["S_KS-P15-C036","Certified business-record notice and inspection opportunity are required.","S007, §60-465(b)(7)","High."],["S_KS-P15-C037","Self-authentication does not prove ownership, balance, or lawfulness of charges.","S007","High distinction."],["S_KS-P15-C038","Duplicates are generally admissible unless authenticity is genuinely disputed or use would be unfair.","S007, §60-467","High."],["S_KS-P15-C039","Accurate readable output of ESI qualifies as an original.","S007, §60-467(h)","High."],["S_KS-P15-C040","Lost ordinary documents and lost negotiable instruments are governed by different rules.","S004, S007","High."],["S_KS-P15-C041","Summary-judgment affidavits require personal knowledge, admissible facts, competence, and attached sworn/certified papers.","S009, §60-256(e)","High."],["S_KS-P15-C042","A party cannot defeat supported summary judgment by pleading denials alone.","S009, §60-256(e)","High."],["S_KS-P15-C043","Requests for admission can conclusively establish facts and document genuineness within the action.","S009–S010","High."],["S_KS-P15-C044","Chapter 61 admissions and interrogatories are ordinarily limited to ten with 14-day responses.","S010","High."],["S_KS-P15-C045","Small claims permits no discovery.","S003","High."],["S_KS-P15-C046","Discovery is limited to relevant, proportional, nonprivileged matter and need not itself be admissible.","S009, §60-226","High."],["S_KS-P15-C047","Serving discovery does not suspend answer or motion deadlines.","S009–S010","High procedural distinction."],["S_KS-P15-C048","Missing documents do not automatically extinguish debt or require dismissal.","S009","High bounded conclusion."],["S_KS-P15-C049","Motion to compel generally requires good-faith effort to resolve dispute.","S009, §60-237","High."],["S_KS-P15-C050","Severe ESI-loss sanctions require intent to deprive under the statutory branch.","S009, §60-237","High."],["S_KS-P15-C051","Default does not automatically establish damages; court may require accounting and evidence.","S011","High."],["S_KS-P15-C052","Endorsement offered to show its existence/legal effect is not necessarily hearsay.","S012","High, instrument-specific."],["S_KS-P15-C053","Anti-assignment restrictions may be affected by waiver or estoppel, but those defenses require proof.","S014–S016","High conditional rule."],["S_KS-P15-C054","No published Kansas consumer-debt case located creates an automatic adopted-record rule for every debt-buyer spreadsheet.","S020–S023 and bounded searches","Bounded negative finding."],["S_KS-P15-C055","Official forms do not prove allegations, standing, or admissibility.","S025","High."],["S_KS-P15-C056","Federal evidence rules are not substituted for Kansas evidence law in Kansas state court.","S007 and Kansas cases","High jurisdictional distinction."],["S_KS-P15-C057","Actual assignment, contract, account, and record-system facts remain necessary for case-specific results.","Entire component","High."],["S_KS-P15-C058","No claim, provider, account, suit, or operational approval follows from PASS-15.","Scope","High project-status statement."]]},{"headers":["Assigned issue","Status","Claims","Exact missing evidence or next action"],"index":13,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Assigned issue","Status","Claims","Exact missing evidence or next action"],["Original-creditor standing","Answered generally","C001–C007","Actual obligation and ownership"],["Assignee standing","Answered generally","C001–C009","Bills of sale, schedules, chain, account link"],["Debt-buyer chain","Answered at proof framework","C008–C009, C027","Actual purchase records"],["Servicer authority","Partial","C010","Servicing agreement, owner ratification, sue-in-own-name clause"],["Trustee authority","Partial","C003–C005","Trust transfer and trustee documents"],["Agent collection suit","Partial","C003–C010","Agency agreement and Kansas right to sue in own name"],["Entity counsel distinction","Answered generally","C006","Actual entity and appearance"],["Standing at filing","Answered for current Kansas rule; instrument-specific caution","C001–C005","Claim-specific enforcement right"],["RPI cure","Answered generally","C003–C005","Nature and timing of defect"],["Capacity pleading","Answered","C006","Specific denial and facts"],["Assignment consent/restriction","Partial","C053","Actual contract and transfer conduct"],["Universal filing of assignments","Not required by located law","C008–C009","Sector-specific law if asserted"],["Consumer receipt of purchase agreement","Not universally required","C028","Prelitigation/sector rights separate"],["Chapter 60 petition elements","Answered","C014–C017","Actual claim allegations"],["Chapter 61 petition","Answered","C018","Actual form and court"],["Small-claims pleadings","Answered","C019–C020","Claim eligibility"],["Verified complaint requirement","No universal requirement located","C016","Special statute/rule if asserted"],["Contract attachment","Optional pleading method","C014–C015","Court order or special form"],["Wet-ink original","No universal requirement","C021–C023, C038–C040","Authenticity and claim theory"],["Original-creditor contract proof","Answered generally","C007, C021–C026","Actual terms, assent, ledger"],["Credit-card formation","Partial; record-specific authority","C021–C023","Operative agreement and admissions"],["Account stated","Answered doctrinally","C024–C025","Assent and balance agreement"],["Open account","Partial","—","Actual reciprocal account structure and claim theory"],["Installment proof","Answered generally","C007, C026","Schedule, cure, acceleration, payment history"],["Negotiable instrument classification","Answered","C011–C013","Actual instrument"],["Holder/nonholder proof","Answered","C011–C013","Possession and endorsement evidence"],["Lost instrument","Answered at statute level","C013, C040","Terms, former entitlement, adequate protection"],["Principal proof","Answered generally","C026–C027","Actual advances/charges"],["Interest proof","Partial","C026","Contract/rate/time calculation"],["Fee proof","Partial","C026","Legal and contractual authority"],["Payment and credit proof","Answered generally","C026–C027","Complete ledger and source records"],["Settlement/release","Partial","C026","Actual agreement and compliance"],["Charge-off balance","Not self-proving","C026–C030","Underlying ledger and authority"],["Account statements","Potential evidence, not universal proof","C021–C026","Foundation and completeness"],["Authentication","Answered","C029","Actual record source"],["Business records","Answered","C030–C036","Witness or certification"],["Predecessor records","Partial/case-specific","C031–C033, C054","Integration, reliance, source trustworthiness"],["Multiple hearsay","Answered generally","C034","Each embedded statement"],["Certification route","Answered","C035–C036","Notice, declaration, objections"],["Electronic records","Answered","C029, C038–C039","System and output accuracy"],["Original/duplicate rule","Answered","C038–C040","Authenticity/fairness dispute"],["Executive affidavit","Answered at sufficiency framework","C041","Actual personal knowledge/foundation"],["Default proof","Answered narrowly","C051","Pleadings and damage evidence"],["Admissions","Answered","C043–C044","Actual requests and responses"],["Chapter 60 discovery","Answered","C046–C050","Scheduling/local orders"],["Chapter 61 discovery","Answered","C044","Court permission and route"],["Small-claims discovery","Answered—prohibited","C045","—"],["Nonparty records","Answered","C035–C036","Actual subpoena and objection"],["Summary judgment","Answered","C041–C042","Actual admissible evidence"],["Rule 141","Partially verified; official page inaccessible","—","Complete current official text"],["Discovery sanctions","Answered conditionally","C049–C050","Order, prejudice, intent"],["Automatic dismissal for missing file","Rejected","C048","Motion/order and burden analysis"],["Full evidence objections at trial","Partial","C029–C040","Actual exhibits and objections"],["Arbitration and jury waiver","Excluded","—","Separate dossier"],["Full limitations","Excluded except proof crossover","—","PASS-12 remains unreviewed"],["Service/default/vacatur","Excluded except evidence boundary","C051","PASS-13 remains unreviewed"],["Appeals","Excluded","—","Separate appellate pass"],["Postjudgment collection","Excluded","—","Later item4 work"],["Medical/government/secured sectors","Excluded","—","Sector passes"],["Local and tribal law","Excluded","—","Separate review"],["Full citator","Not performed","C054","Commercial citator/unpublished decisions"],["Actual account or provider","Not reviewed","C057–C058","Authorized public case-specific evidence"],["Component/state/parent/A066 acceptance","Not evaluated","C058","No acceptance follows"]]}],"claims":[{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C001","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C001","Precise claim":"Kansas standing burden rests on the party asserting it and changes by litigation stage.","Source/pinpoint":"S012","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High; published Kansas Supreme Court."},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_judicial_and_application_dependency_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C002","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C002","Precise claim":"Standing remains jurisdictional under current Kansas law.","Source/pinpoint":"S012; current Kansas decisions","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_judicial_and_application_dependency_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C003","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C003","Precise claim":"K.S.A. 60-217 requires prosecution by real party in interest or authorized representative.","Source/pinpoint":"S001, §60-217","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C004","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C004","Precise claim":"Court must ordinarily allow reasonable time for ratification, joinder, or substitution before RPI dismissal.","Source/pinpoint":"S001, §60-217","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C005","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C005","Precise claim":"RPI cure does not automatically cure every substantive absence of enforcement rights at filing.","Source/pinpoint":"S012–S013","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High nuanced conclusion."},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_judicial_and_application_dependency_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C006","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C006","Precise claim":"Capacity and authority generally need not be pleaded but must be specifically denied when challenged.","Source/pinpoint":"S001, §60-209","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C007","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C007","Precise claim":"An original creditor must prove obligation, breach/default, balance, and damages.","Source/pinpoint":"S001, S007, S009","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High general contract-proof rule."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C008","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C008","Precise claim":"An assignee must prove the assignment on which its right depends.","Source/pinpoint":"S014–S016","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_judicial_and_application_dependency_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C009","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C009","Precise claim":"Generic portfolio transfer evidence does not necessarily prove inclusion of the defendant’s account.","Source/pinpoint":"S006, S014–S016","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High inference from assignment burden and account-chain records."},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_judicial_and_application_dependency_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C010","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C010","Precise claim":"A servicer’s payment authority does not automatically establish real-party status.","Source/pinpoint":"S001, S015","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High conditional conclusion."},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_judicial_and_application_dependency_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C011","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C011","Precise claim":"Article 3 enforcement entitlement can exist without ownership.","Source/pinpoint":"S004, §84-3-301","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C012","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C012","Precise claim":"Negotiation of order paper requires possession and endorsement.","Source/pinpoint":"S004, §§84-3-201, 84-3-203","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C013","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C013","Precise claim":"Lost-instrument enforcement requires statutory proof and adequate protection.","Source/pinpoint":"S004, §84-3-309","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":["S_KS-P15-Q002"],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C014","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C014","Precise claim":"A written-instrument claim may be pleaded by identification/substance, recital, or attachment.","Source/pinpoint":"S001, §60-209(h)","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C015","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C015","Precise claim":"Kansas does not universally require contract attachment to the petition.","Source/pinpoint":"S001–S002","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High bounded reading."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C016","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C016","Precise claim":"Pleadings ordinarily need not be verified absent specific rule or statute.","Source/pinpoint":"S001, §60-211","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C017","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C017","Precise claim":"Signing a pleading certifies reasonable inquiry and expected evidentiary support.","Source/pinpoint":"S001, §60-211","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C018","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C018","Precise claim":"Chapter 61 petition does not impose universal debt affidavit or ledger attachment.","Source/pinpoint":"S002","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High bounded reading."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C019","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C019","Precise claim":"Small claims prohibits ordinary discovery and depositions.","Source/pinpoint":"S003, §61-2707","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C020","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C020","Precise claim":"Small-claims informality does not eliminate substantive proof burden.","Source/pinpoint":"S003","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High legal consequence."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C021","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C021","Precise claim":"Account use, admissions, and statements can support credit-card liability without wet-ink contract on a sufficient record.","Source/pinpoint":"S019","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"Medium; unpublished, record-specific."},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_judicial_and_application_dependency_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C022","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C022","Precise claim":"Lucas does not establish that statements always prove credit-card liability.","Source/pinpoint":"S019","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High source-limit conclusion."},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_judicial_and_application_dependency_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C023","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C023","Precise 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debt buyers to retain itemized balances, evidence of liability, and ownership chain.","Source/pinpoint":"S006, printed regs. 8–10/index 147–149","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High for covered actors."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C028","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C028","Precise claim":"Regulatory record retention does not automatically establish admissibility or consumer production rights.","Source/pinpoint":"S006–S008","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High distinction."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C029","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C029","Precise claim":"Authentication requires sufficient evidence that item is what proponent claims.","Source/pinpoint":"S007, §60-464","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence 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claim":"Custodian is not the only permissible foundation witness.","Source/pinpoint":"S020–S021","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_judicial_and_application_dependency_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C032","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C032","Precise claim":"Third-party records can be admissible when knowledge and trustworthiness are sufficiently established.","Source/pinpoint":"S020–S021","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High, case-specific."},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_judicial_and_application_dependency_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C033","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C033","Precise claim":"Mere receipt or retention of another’s record does not automatically make it admissible.","Source/pinpoint":"S022","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_judicial_and_application_dependency_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence 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custodian testimony.","Source/pinpoint":"S007–S008, S023","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C036","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C036","Precise claim":"Certified business-record notice and inspection opportunity are required.","Source/pinpoint":"S007, §60-465(b)(7)","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C037","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C037","Precise claim":"Self-authentication does not prove ownership, balance, or lawfulness of charges.","Source/pinpoint":"S007","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High distinction."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence 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ordinary documents and lost negotiable instruments are governed by different rules.","Source/pinpoint":"S004, S007","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":["S_KS-P15-Q002","S_KS-P15-Q003"],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C041","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C041","Precise claim":"Summary-judgment affidavits require personal knowledge, admissible facts, competence, and attached sworn/certified papers.","Source/pinpoint":"S009, §60-256(e)","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":["S_KS-P15-Q001"],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C042","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C042","Precise claim":"A party cannot defeat supported summary judgment by pleading denials alone.","Source/pinpoint":"S009, §60-256(e)","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence 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permits no discovery.","Source/pinpoint":"S003","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C046","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C046","Precise claim":"Discovery is limited to relevant, proportional, nonprivileged matter and need not itself be admissible.","Source/pinpoint":"S009, §60-226","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C047","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C047","Precise claim":"Serving discovery does not suspend answer or motion deadlines.","Source/pinpoint":"S009–S010","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High procedural distinction."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal 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claim":"Motion to compel generally requires good-faith effort to resolve dispute.","Source/pinpoint":"S009, §60-237","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C050","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C050","Precise claim":"Severe ESI-loss sanctions require intent to deprive under the statutory branch.","Source/pinpoint":"S009, §60-237","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":["S_KS-P15-Q004"],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C051","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C051","Precise claim":"Default does not automatically establish damages; court may require accounting and evidence.","Source/pinpoint":"S011","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence 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claim":"Anti-assignment restrictions may be affected by waiver or estoppel, but those defenses require proof.","Source/pinpoint":"S014–S016","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High conditional rule."},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_judicial_and_application_dependency_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C054","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C054","Precise claim":"No published Kansas consumer-debt case located creates an automatic adopted-record rule for every debt-buyer spreadsheet.","Source/pinpoint":"S020–S023 and bounded searches","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"Bounded negative finding."},"coordinator_verification_status":"original_bounded_negative_search_hold_no_absence_inference","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C055","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C055","Precise claim":"Official forms do not prove allegations, standing, or admissibility.","Source/pinpoint":"S025","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"forms_body_unreopened_distinction_preserved","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C056","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C056","Precise claim":"Federal evidence rules are not substituted for Kansas evidence law in Kansas state court.","Source/pinpoint":"S007 and Kansas cases","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High jurisdictional distinction."},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_or_structural_check_with_remaining_limits_not_whole_claim_acceptance","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C057","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C057","Precise claim":"Actual assignment, contract, account, and record-system facts remain necessary for case-specific results.","Source/pinpoint":"Entire component","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High."},"coordinator_verification_status":"scope_statement_observed_actual_private_facts_not_reviewed","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}},{"claim_id":"S_KS-P15-C058","area_numbers":[66],"area_assignment_method":"task_scope_fallback","researcher_record":{"Claim ID":"S_KS-P15-C058","Precise claim":"No claim, provider, account, suit, or operational approval follows from PASS-15.","Source/pinpoint":"Scope","Conditions, stage, and confidence":"High project-status statement."},"coordinator_verification_status":"scope_statement_observed_actual_private_facts_not_reviewed","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","related_findings":[],"all_underlying_primary_accepted":false,"actual_application_accepted":false}}],"sources":[{"source_id":"S_KS-P15-S001","urls":["https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0008_section/060_002_0008_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0009_section/060_002_0009_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0011_section/060_002_0011_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0017_section/060_002_0017_k/"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_KS-P15-S001","Title, issuer, and full literal URL":"Kansas pleading, real-party, and signature statutes — Kansas Revisor:\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0008_section/060_002_0008_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0009_section/060_002_0009_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0011_section/060_002_0011_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0017_section/060_002_0017_k/","Exact read scope":"Complete material K.S.A. 60-208, 60-209, 60-211, and 60-217","Status/access limits":"Fresh Oct. 26, 2026 Pacific/UTC. Current HTML; no printed page/PDF index. No complete amendment-history audit. \nKansas Legislature\n+3"},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_check_with_limits","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","result":"Fresh complete60-208/209/211/217 operative bodies; pleading, verification/signature, capacity and RPI cure text compared.","limits":"Actual standing, substantive enforcement at filing, relation-back construction and entity-counsel limits not resolved by these texts.","original_record_unchanged":true}},{"source_id":"S_KS-P15-S002","urls":["https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_029_0000_article/061_029_0003_section/061_029_0003_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_029_0000_article/061_029_0012_section/061_029_0012_k/"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_KS-P15-S002","Title, issuer, and full literal URL":"Chapter 61 pleading and adopted procedures — Kansas Revisor:\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_029_0000_article/061_029_0003_section/061_029_0003_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_029_0000_article/061_029_0012_section/061_029_0012_k/","Exact read scope":"Complete material §§61-2903 and 61-2912","Status/access limits":"Fresh. Current HTML. \nKansas Legislature\n+1"},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_check_with_limits","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","result":"Fresh complete61-2903/2912 operative bodies compared. Petition content and selected incorporated procedures supported textually.","limits":"Insofar-as-consistent condition retained; no wholesale import of Chapter60 or actual form/court acceptance.","original_record_unchanged":true}},{"source_id":"S_KS-P15-S003","urls":["https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_027_0000_article/061_027_0006_section/061_027_0006_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_027_0000_article/061_027_0007_section/061_027_0007_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_027_0000_article/061_027_0012_section/061_027_0012_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_027_0000_article/061_027_0013_section/061_027_0013_k/"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_KS-P15-S003","Title, issuer, and full literal URL":"Small Claims Procedure Act — Kansas Revisor:\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_027_0000_article/061_027_0006_section/061_027_0006_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_027_0000_article/061_027_0007_section/061_027_0007_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_027_0000_article/061_027_0012_section/061_027_0012_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_027_0000_article/061_027_0013_section/061_027_0013_k/","Exact read scope":"Excess-claim options, trial, representation, no discovery, court powers, forms","Status/access limits":"Fresh. Current HTML. Postjudgment enforcement excluded. \nKansas Legislature\n+2"},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_check_with_limits","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","result":"Explicit dated KS13 complete61-2707 and additional61-2703 primary text reread. Discovery prohibition/claim exclusions text supported.","limits":"Original listed2706/2712/2713 not reopened; limited-pleading/full authority/frequency/current-order/local branches remain held.","original_record_unchanged":true}},{"source_id":"S_KS-P15-S004","urls":["https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0104_section/084_003_0104_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0201_section/084_003_0201_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0203_section/084_003_0203_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0301_section/084_003_0301_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0308_section/084_003_0308_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0309_section/084_003_0309_k/"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_KS-P15-S004","Title, issuer, and full literal URL":"Kansas UCC negotiable-instrument provisions — Kansas Revisor:\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0104_section/084_003_0104_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0201_section/084_003_0201_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0203_section/084_003_0203_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0301_section/084_003_0301_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0308_section/084_003_0308_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0309_section/084_003_0309_k/","Exact read scope":"Negotiability, negotiation, transfer, person entitled to enforce, signatures, lost instruments","Status/access limits":"Fresh targeted read. No actual instrument reviewed. \nKansas Legislature\n+5"},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_check_with_limits","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","result":"Fresh complete84-3-104/201/203/301/308/309 operative bodies compared; Q002 example successor-ownership predicate required.","limits":"Negotiability, remitter exception, possession/endowment, partial transfers, signature/deceased-or-incompetent exception, defenses/HDC and adequate protection remain actual predicates; no instrument reviewed.","original_record_unchanged":true}},{"source_id":"S_KS-P15-S005","urls":["https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/016a_000_0000_chapter/016a_003_0000_article/016a_003_0203_section/016a_003_0203_k/"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_KS-P15-S005","Title, issuer, and full literal URL":"UCCC assignment notice — Kansas Revisor:\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/016a_000_0000_chapter/016a_003_0000_article/016a_003_0203_section/016a_003_0203_k/","Exact read scope":"Complete assignment-notice and reasonable-proof provision","Status/access limits":"Fresh scoped read. Prelitigation rule only; no trial-admissibility conclusion. \nKansas Legislature"},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_check_with_limits","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","result":"Explicit dated KS9 complete16a-3-203 text/history reread; payment direction and reasonable proof on request distinguished from court evidence.","limits":"No universal signed-contract delivery, purchase-agreement entitlement, pause/deadline/extinguishment or actual notice conclusion.","original_record_unchanged":true}},{"source_id":"S_KS-P15-S006","urls":["https://osbckansas.gov/legal/uccc_2026.pdf"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_KS-P15-S006","Title, issuer, and full literal URL":"K.A.R. 75-6-38 in 2026 Kansas Uniform Consumer Credit Code and Regulations, OSBC:\nhttps://osbckansas.gov/legal/uccc_2026.pdf","Exact read scope":"PDF index 144/printed UCCC Regulations 5 through index 149/printed 10","Status/access limits":"Fresh targeted PDF read and page-image inspection. Rule amended July 24, 2026. Direct rule-history audit not performed. \nKansas Bank Commissioner\n+5"},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_check_with_limits","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","result":"Explicit dated KS9 complete75-6-38(a)–(g)/history parsed record rule reread at7050–7273/PDF144–149.","limits":"No fresh PDF/pixels/direct history; record-retention actor, clock/replacement/e-affidavit, SFO and access/admissibility limits preserved.","original_record_unchanged":true}},{"source_id":"S_KS-P15-S007","urls":["https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0060_section/060_004_0060_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0064_section/060_004_0064_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0065_section/060_004_0065_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0067_section/060_004_0067_k/"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_KS-P15-S007","Title, issuer, and full literal URL":"Kansas evidence statutes — Kansas Revisor:\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0060_section/060_004_0060_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0064_section/060_004_0064_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0065_section/060_004_0065_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0067_section/060_004_0067_k/","Exact read scope":"Party admissions; business records; authentication; self-authentication; original, duplicate, summaries, electronic originals","Status/access limits":"Fresh complete material read. Current HTML. Proposed 2026 legislation shown on some pages was not treated as enacted. \nKansas Legislature\n+4"},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_check_with_limits","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","result":"Fresh complete464/465/467 and463; selected460 admissions/business records. Q003 summaries and Q005 locator required.","limits":"Not whole460. Certified records notice/inspection/declaration, accurate system/data, duplicate fairness, jury fact issues and summary production conditions retained; no actual admission/merits proof.","original_record_unchanged":true}},{"source_id":"S_KS-P15-S008","urls":["https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0045_section/060_002_0045_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0045a_section/060_002_0045a_k/"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_KS-P15-S008","Title, issuer, and full literal URL":"Nonparty records and subpoenas — Kansas Revisor:\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0045_section/060_002_0045_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0045a_section/060_002_0045a_k/","Exact read scope":"Subpoena contents, burden protections, nonparty-record notice, objections, custodian declarations","Status/access limits":"Fresh. Current HTML. No subpoena was issued. \nKansas Legislature\n+1"},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_check_with_limits","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","result":"Fresh complete60-245/245a operative bodies compared; issuance/notice/objection, custody/control, declarations/production, privilege and burden protections.","limits":"No subpoena issued; original/foundation mechanisms conditional, no automatic live witness or universal consumer access.","original_record_unchanged":true}},{"source_id":"S_KS-P15-S009","urls":["https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0026_section/060_002_0026_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0033_section/060_002_0033_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0034_section/060_002_0034_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0036_section/060_002_0036_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0037_section/060_002_0037_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0056_section/060_002_0056_k/"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_KS-P15-S009","Title, issuer, and full literal URL":"Chapter 60 discovery and summary judgment — Kansas Revisor:\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0026_section/060_002_0026_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0033_section/060_002_0033_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0034_section/060_002_0034_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0036_section/060_002_0036_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0037_section/060_002_0037_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0056_section/060_002_0056_k/","Exact read scope":"Scope, interrogatories, production, admissions, sanctions, ESI loss, summary judgment","Status/access limits":"Fresh material read. Local orders can alter timing. \nKansas Legislature\n+7"},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_check_with_limits","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","result":"Fresh complete226/233/234/236/237/256 operative bodies; discovery/response/records/summary proof and sanctions compared. Q001 later trigger and Q004 preservation/restoration thresholds required.","limits":"Scheduling/order/privilege/local/current Rule141 and actual response/ESI predicates held. Incidental funding/expert provisions not separately investigated.","original_record_unchanged":true}},{"source_id":"S_KS-P15-S010","urls":["https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_031_0000_article/061_031_0001_section/061_031_0001_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_031_0000_article/061_031_0003_section/061_031_0003_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_031_0000_article/061_031_0004_section/061_031_0004_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_031_0000_article/061_031_0005_section/061_031_0005_k/"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_KS-P15-S010","Title, issuer, and full literal URL":"Chapter 61 discovery — Kansas Revisor:\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_031_0000_article/061_031_0001_section/061_031_0001_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_031_0000_article/061_031_0003_section/061_031_0003_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_031_0000_article/061_031_0004_section/061_031_0004_k/\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_031_0000_article/061_031_0005_section/061_031_0005_k/","Exact read scope":"Admissions, interrogatories, subpoenas, limited deposition process","Status/access limits":"Fresh. Current HTML. \nKansas Legislature\n+3"},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_check_with_limits","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","result":"Fresh complete61-3101/3103/3104/3105 operative bodies; admissions, interrogatories, subpoenas and evidence-only depositions compared.","limits":"Ten limits, distinct service/submission triggers, sworn denial/object/hearing and court-permission/admissibility conditions retained; no actual date.","original_record_unchanged":true}},{"source_id":"S_KS-P15-S011","urls":["https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0055_section/060_002_0055_k/"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_KS-P15-S011","Title, issuer, and full literal URL":"Default proof boundary — Kansas Revisor:\nhttps://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0055_section/060_002_0055_k/","Exact read scope":"Request, entitlement, notice, accounting, damages, evidence","Status/access limits":"Fresh. Used only for proof boundary, not full default rerun. \nKansas Legislature"},"coordinator_verification_status":"selected_statutory_text_check_with_limits","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","result":"Explicit dated KS13 complete60-255 operative text/history reread only for proof boundary.","limits":"Protected-person/appeared-party notice/request/entitlement, actual damages/court proof and distinct default relief/service currentness remain held.","original_record_unchanged":true}},{"source_id":"S_KS-P15-S012","urls":["https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/2017/111235.html"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_KS-P15-S012","Title, issuer, and full literal URL":"FV-I, Inc. v. Kallevig, Kansas Supreme Court:\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/2017/111235.html","Exact read scope":"Standing burden by stage; note enforcement; endorsement evidence","Status/access limits":"Fresh relevant read. Published; mortgage-note context. \nJustia Law\n+3"},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_source_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","result":"Original source usage, access class and bounds read; source body not reopened in this review.","limits":"All original judicial/secondary/403/search-rendered/PDF/currentness and application holds retained.","original_record_unchanged":true}},{"source_id":"S_KS-P15-S013","urls":["https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2013/107300.html"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_KS-P15-S013","Title, issuer, and full literal URL":"U.S. Bank N.A. v. McConnell, Kansas Court of Appeals:\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2013/107300.html","Exact read scope":"Standing/RPI distinction and possible cure","Status/access limits":"Fresh relevant read. Published; mortgage context. \nJustia Law"},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_source_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","result":"Original source usage, access class and bounds read; source body not reopened in this review.","limits":"All original judicial/secondary/403/search-rendered/PDF/currentness and application holds retained.","original_record_unchanged":true}},{"source_id":"S_KS-P15-S014","urls":["https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/2017/111651.html"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_KS-P15-S014","Title, issuer, and full literal URL":"Steckline Communications v. Journal Broadcast, Kansas Supreme Court:\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/2017/111651.html","Exact read scope":"Assignment restriction, pleading-stage standing, estoppel","Status/access limits":"Fresh. Published commercial-contract case; final merits not decided. \nJustia Law\n+1"},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_source_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","result":"Original source usage, access class and bounds read; source body not reopened in this review.","limits":"All original judicial/secondary/403/search-rendered/PDF/currentness and application holds retained.","original_record_unchanged":true}},{"source_id":"S_KS-P15-S015","urls":["https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2004/89949.html"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_KS-P15-S015","Title, issuer, and full literal URL":"Larson Operating Co. v. Petroleum, Inc.:\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2004/89949.html","Exact read scope":"Real-party status, ratification, relation back","Status/access limits":"Fresh selected read. Published; oil/gas context. \nJustia Law"},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_source_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","result":"Original source usage, access class and bounds read; source body not reopened in this review.","limits":"All original judicial/secondary/403/search-rendered/PDF/currentness and application holds retained.","original_record_unchanged":true}},{"source_id":"S_KS-P15-S016","urls":["https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2006/93662.html"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_KS-P15-S016","Title, issuer, and full literal URL":"Missouri Bank & Trust v. Gas-Mart Development:\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2006/93662.html","Exact read scope":"Assignability and anti-assignment clause construction","Status/access limits":"Fresh selected read. Published commercial case. \nJustia Law"},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_source_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","result":"Original source usage, access class and bounds read; source body not reopened in this review.","limits":"All original judicial/secondary/403/search-rendered/PDF/currentness and application holds retained.","original_record_unchanged":true}},{"source_id":"S_KS-P15-S017","urls":["https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1979/49-588-1.html"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_KS-P15-S017","Title, issuer, and full literal URL":"Miller v. William A. 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Lucas:\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2024/127685.html","Exact read scope":"Credit-card proof via admissions, use, statements, affidavits","Status/access limits":"Fresh. Unpublished and nonprecedential. \nJustia Law\n+2"},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_source_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","result":"Original source usage, access class and bounds read; source body not reopened in this review.","limits":"All original judicial/secondary/403/search-rendered/PDF/currentness and application holds retained.","original_record_unchanged":true}},{"source_id":"S_KS-P15-S020","urls":["https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1984/55-954-1.html"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_KS-P15-S020","Title, issuer, and full literal URL":"Schraft v. 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City of Shawnee:\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1990/62-448-3.html","Exact read scope":"Third-party-origin record foundation and discretion","Status/access limits":"Fresh selected read. Published; not debt-buyer-specific. \nJustia Law\n+1"},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_source_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","result":"Original source usage, access class and bounds read; source body not reopened in this review.","limits":"All original judicial/secondary/403/search-rendered/PDF/currentness and application holds retained.","original_record_unchanged":true}},{"source_id":"S_KS-P15-S022","urls":["https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1970/45-778-0.html","https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1967/44-493-0.html"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_KS-P15-S022","Title, issuer, and full literal URL":"Foundation-failure cases:\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1970/45-778-0.html\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1967/44-493-0.html","Exact read scope":"Pacific Indemnity and Foster: exclusion for absent authentication/foundation and mere record retention","Status/access limits":"Fresh selected read. Older cases; current certification statutes can alter method but not erase trustworthiness requirement. \nJustia Law\n+1"},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_source_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","result":"Original source usage, access class and bounds read; source body not reopened in this review.","limits":"All original judicial/secondary/403/search-rendered/PDF/currentness and application holds retained.","original_record_unchanged":true}},{"source_id":"S_KS-P15-S023","urls":["https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2017/113678.html","https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2025/126238.html"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_KS-P15-S023","Title, issuer, and full literal URL":"Certification cases:\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2017/113678.html\nhttps://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/court-of-appeals/2025/126238.html","Exact read scope":"Cleverley and Kemp on K.S.A. 60-245a and 60-465 certification","Status/access limits":"Fresh. Published criminal cases interpreting generally applicable evidence statutes. \nJustia Law\n+1"},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_source_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","result":"Original source usage, access class and bounds read; source body not reopened in this review.","limits":"All original judicial/secondary/403/search-rendered/PDF/currentness and application holds retained.","original_record_unchanged":true}},{"source_id":"S_KS-P15-S024","urls":["https://kscourts.gov/Rules-Orders/Rules/Summary-Judgment","https://kscourts.gov/KSCourts/media/KsCourts/Rules/2026-RuleBook.pdf"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_KS-P15-S024","Title, issuer, and full literal URL":"Kansas Supreme Court Rule 141 — official page:\nhttps://kscourts.gov/Rules-Orders/Rules/Summary-Judgment\n2026 Rule Book:\nhttps://kscourts.gov/KSCourts/media/KsCourts/Rules/2026-RuleBook.pdf","Exact read scope":"Official title and search-rendered response requirements","Status/access limits":"Access failed: HTTP 403. No complete rule text or PDF page/index claimed. \nKansas Courts\n+1"},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_source_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","result":"Original source usage, access class and bounds read; source body not reopened in this review.","limits":"All original judicial/secondary/403/search-rendered/PDF/currentness and application holds retained.","original_record_unchanged":true}},{"source_id":"S_KS-P15-S025","urls":["https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-60-civil-actions","https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-60-civil-actions/common-civil-forms","https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-61-civil-actions/pleadings","https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-60-civil-actions/summons-and-service-of-process","https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/small-claims/filing-a-small-claims-case","https://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/small-claims/responding-to-a-small-claims-case","https://self-help.kscourts.gov/ConsumerDebts"],"researcher_record":{"Source ID":"S_KS-P15-S025","Title, issuer, and full literal URL":"Kansas Judicial Council and Self-Help forms:\nhttps://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-60-civil-actions\nhttps://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-60-civil-actions/common-civil-forms\nhttps://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-61-civil-actions/pleadings\nhttps://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/chapter-60-civil-actions/summons-and-service-of-process\nhttps://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/small-claims/filing-a-small-claims-case\nhttps://www.kjc.ks.gov/legal-forms/small-claims/responding-to-a-small-claims-case\nhttps://self-help.kscourts.gov/ConsumerDebts","Exact read scope":"Official form titles and categories","Status/access limits":"Fresh official search verification; direct pages returned 403. Individual current PDF revision dates not invented."},"coordinator_verification_status":"unreopened_source_hold","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","result":"Original source usage, access class and bounds read; source body not reopened in this review.","limits":"All original judicial/secondary/403/search-rendered/PDF/currentness and application holds retained.","original_record_unchanged":true}}],"coverage":[{"topic":"Original-creditor standing","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Original-creditor standing","Status":"Answered generally","Claims":"C001–C007","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Actual obligation and ownership"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Assignee standing","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Assignee standing","Status":"Answered generally","Claims":"C001–C009","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Bills of sale, schedules, chain, account link"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Debt-buyer chain","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Debt-buyer chain","Status":"Answered at proof framework","Claims":"C008–C009, C027","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Actual purchase records"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Servicer authority","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Servicer authority","Status":"Partial","Claims":"C010","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Servicing agreement, owner ratification, sue-in-own-name clause"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Trustee authority","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Trustee authority","Status":"Partial","Claims":"C003–C005","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Trust transfer and trustee documents"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Agent collection suit","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Agent collection suit","Status":"Partial","Claims":"C003–C010","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Agency agreement and Kansas right to sue in own name"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Entity counsel distinction","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Entity counsel distinction","Status":"Answered generally","Claims":"C006","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Actual entity and appearance"},"coordinator_acceptance":"bounded_correction_or_link_gap_UNSENT","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":["S_KS-P15-Q005"],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Standing at filing","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Standing at filing","Status":"Answered for current Kansas rule; instrument-specific caution","Claims":"C001–C005","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Claim-specific enforcement right"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"RPI cure","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"RPI cure","Status":"Answered generally","Claims":"C003–C005","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Nature and timing of defect"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Capacity pleading","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Capacity pleading","Status":"Answered","Claims":"C006","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Specific denial and facts"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Assignment consent/restriction","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Assignment consent/restriction","Status":"Partial","Claims":"C053","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Actual contract and transfer conduct"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Universal filing of assignments","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Universal filing of assignments","Status":"Not required by located law","Claims":"C008–C009","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Sector-specific law if asserted"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Consumer receipt of purchase agreement","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Consumer receipt of purchase agreement","Status":"Not universally required","Claims":"C028","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Prelitigation/sector rights separate"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Chapter 60 petition elements","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Chapter 60 petition elements","Status":"Answered","Claims":"C014–C017","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Actual claim allegations"},"coordinator_acceptance":"bounded_correction_or_link_gap_UNSENT","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":["S_KS-P15-Q005"],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Chapter 61 petition","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Chapter 61 petition","Status":"Answered","Claims":"C018","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Actual form and court"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Small-claims pleadings","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Small-claims pleadings","Status":"Answered","Claims":"C019–C020","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Claim eligibility"},"coordinator_acceptance":"bounded_correction_or_link_gap_UNSENT","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":["S_KS-P15-Q005"],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Verified complaint requirement","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Verified complaint requirement","Status":"No universal requirement located","Claims":"C016","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Special statute/rule if asserted"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Contract attachment","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Contract attachment","Status":"Optional pleading method","Claims":"C014–C015","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Court order or special form"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Wet-ink original","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Wet-ink original","Status":"No universal requirement","Claims":"C021–C023, C038–C040","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Authenticity and claim theory"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Original-creditor contract proof","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Original-creditor contract proof","Status":"Answered generally","Claims":"C007, C021–C026","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Actual terms, assent, ledger"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Credit-card formation","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Credit-card formation","Status":"Partial; record-specific authority","Claims":"C021–C023","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Operative agreement and admissions"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence 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theory"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Installment proof","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Installment proof","Status":"Answered generally","Claims":"C007, C026","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Schedule, cure, acceleration, payment history"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Negotiable instrument classification","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Negotiable instrument classification","Status":"Answered","Claims":"C011–C013","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Actual instrument"},"coordinator_acceptance":"bounded_correction_or_link_gap_UNSENT","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":["S_KS-P15-Q005"],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Holder/nonholder proof","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Holder/nonholder proof","Status":"Answered","Claims":"C011–C013","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Possession and endorsement evidence"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Lost instrument","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Lost instrument","Status":"Answered at statute level","Claims":"C013, C040","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Terms, former entitlement, adequate protection"},"coordinator_acceptance":"bounded_correction_or_link_gap_UNSENT","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":["S_KS-P15-Q002"],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Principal proof","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Principal proof","Status":"Answered generally","Claims":"C026–C027","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Actual advances/charges"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Interest proof","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Interest proof","Status":"Partial","Claims":"C026","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Contract/rate/time calculation"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Fee proof","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Fee proof","Status":"Partial","Claims":"C026","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Legal and contractual authority"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Payment and credit proof","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Payment and credit proof","Status":"Answered generally","Claims":"C026–C027","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Complete ledger and source records"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Settlement/release","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Settlement/release","Status":"Partial","Claims":"C026","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Actual agreement and compliance"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Charge-off balance","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Charge-off balance","Status":"Not self-proving","Claims":"C026–C030","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Underlying ledger and authority"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Account statements","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Account statements","Status":"Potential evidence, not universal proof","Claims":"C021–C026","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Foundation and completeness"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Authentication","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Authentication","Status":"Answered","Claims":"C029","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Actual record source"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Business records","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Business records","Status":"Answered","Claims":"C030–C036","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Witness or certification"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Predecessor records","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Predecessor records","Status":"Partial/case-specific","Claims":"C031–C033, C054","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Integration, reliance, source trustworthiness"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Multiple hearsay","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Multiple hearsay","Status":"Answered generally","Claims":"C034","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Each embedded statement"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Certification route","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Certification route","Status":"Answered","Claims":"C035–C036","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Notice, declaration, objections"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Electronic records","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Electronic records","Status":"Answered","Claims":"C029, C038–C039","Exact missing evidence or next action":"System and output accuracy"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Original/duplicate rule","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Original/duplicate rule","Status":"Answered","Claims":"C038–C040","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Authenticity/fairness dispute"},"coordinator_acceptance":"bounded_correction_or_link_gap_UNSENT","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":["S_KS-P15-Q003"],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Executive affidavit","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Executive affidavit","Status":"Answered at sufficiency framework","Claims":"C041","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Actual personal knowledge/foundation"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Default proof","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Default proof","Status":"Answered narrowly","Claims":"C051","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Pleadings and damage evidence"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Admissions","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Admissions","Status":"Answered","Claims":"C043–C044","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Actual requests and responses"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Chapter 60 discovery","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Chapter 60 discovery","Status":"Answered","Claims":"C046–C050","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Scheduling/local orders"},"coordinator_acceptance":"bounded_correction_or_link_gap_UNSENT","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":["S_KS-P15-Q001"],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Chapter 61 discovery","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Chapter 61 discovery","Status":"Answered","Claims":"C044","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Court permission and route"},"coordinator_acceptance":"bounded_correction_or_link_gap_UNSENT","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":["S_KS-P15-Q005"],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Small-claims discovery","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Small-claims discovery","Status":"Answered—prohibited","Claims":"C045","Exact missing evidence or next action":"—"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Nonparty records","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Nonparty records","Status":"Answered","Claims":"C035–C036","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Actual subpoena and objection"},"coordinator_acceptance":"bounded_correction_or_link_gap_UNSENT","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":["S_KS-P15-Q005"],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Summary judgment","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Summary judgment","Status":"Answered","Claims":"C041–C042","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Actual admissible evidence"},"coordinator_acceptance":"bounded_correction_or_link_gap_UNSENT","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":["S_KS-P15-Q001"],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Rule 141","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Rule 141","Status":"Partially verified; official page inaccessible","Claims":"—","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Complete current official text"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Discovery sanctions","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Discovery sanctions","Status":"Answered conditionally","Claims":"C049–C050","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Order, prejudice, intent"},"coordinator_acceptance":"bounded_correction_or_link_gap_UNSENT","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":["S_KS-P15-Q004"],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Automatic dismissal for missing file","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Automatic dismissal for missing file","Status":"Rejected","Claims":"C048","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Motion/order and burden analysis"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Full evidence objections at trial","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Full evidence objections at trial","Status":"Partial","Claims":"C029–C040","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Actual exhibits and objections"},"coordinator_acceptance":"bounded_correction_or_link_gap_UNSENT","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":["S_KS-P15-Q003"],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Arbitration and jury waiver","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Arbitration and jury waiver","Status":"Excluded","Claims":"—","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Separate dossier"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Full limitations","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Full limitations","Status":"Excluded except proof crossover","Claims":"—","Exact missing evidence or next action":"PASS-12 remains unreviewed"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":"KS12/KS13 scoped reviews now completed with holds; original labels unchanged"}},{"topic":"Service/default/vacatur","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Service/default/vacatur","Status":"Excluded except evidence boundary","Claims":"C051","Exact missing evidence or next action":"PASS-13 remains unreviewed"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":"KS12/KS13 scoped reviews now completed with holds; original labels unchanged"}},{"topic":"Appeals","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Appeals","Status":"Excluded","Claims":"—","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Separate appellate pass"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Postjudgment collection","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Postjudgment collection","Status":"Excluded","Claims":"—","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Later item4 work"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Medical/government/secured sectors","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Medical/government/secured sectors","Status":"Excluded","Claims":"—","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Sector passes"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Local and tribal law","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Local and tribal law","Status":"Excluded","Claims":"—","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Separate review"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Full citator","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Full citator","Status":"Not performed","Claims":"C054","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Commercial citator/unpublished decisions"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Actual account or provider","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Actual account or provider","Status":"Not reviewed","Claims":"C057–C058","Exact missing evidence or next action":"Authorized public case-specific evidence"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}},{"topic":"Component/state/parent/A066 acceptance","researcher_record":{"Assigned issue":"Component/state/parent/A066 acceptance","Status":"Not evaluated","Claims":"C058","Exact missing evidence or next action":"No acceptance follows"},"coordinator_acceptance":"scoped_coverage_read_with_all_source_application_holds","coordinator_annotation":{"at":"2026-10-29T03:41:26.273178+00:00","review_file":"[internal evidence reference]","source_checks":"[internal evidence reference]","findings":[],"original_status_and_all_holds_preserved":true,"historical_dependency_label_note":null}}],"annotations":{},"corrections":[{"issue_id":"S_KS-P15-Q001","finding":"The E1 summary-judgment timing cell gives a21-day response, qualified by court/local rule, but omits section60-256(c)(1)(B)'s alternative responsive-pleading-due trigger and whichever-is-later rule. The raw21-day addition is not a supplied dated example; this is a missing legal branch.","affected_claim_ids":[],"related_claim_ids":["S_KS-P15-C041","S_KS-P15-C042"],"validated_exact_raw_rows":[],"exact_original_cell_matches":[],"source_urls":["https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0056_section/060_002_0056_k/"],"localization":"claim_row_matches_available_no_complete_narrative_localization","public_status":"Recorded correction pending; working-paper assertion requires the stated repair or qualification."},{"issue_id":"S_KS-P15-Q002","finding":"I6 assumes a predecessor was entitled to enforce when the instrument was lost and says section84-3-309 can permit enforcement, without explicitly supplying the current plaintiff's direct/indirect acquisition of ownership from that entitled person. C7's claimant-or-qualifying-predecessor shorthand and the lost-instrument matrix should make that successor predicate visible. A predecessor's former entitlement alone does not establish this claimant's branch. Generic C013 remains a correct conditional summary.","affected_claim_ids":[],"related_claim_ids":["S_KS-P15-C013","S_KS-P15-C040"],"validated_exact_raw_rows":[],"exact_original_cell_matches":[],"source_urls":["https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/084_000_0000_chapter/084_003_0000_article/084_003_0309_section/084_003_0309_k/"],"localization":"claim_row_matches_available_no_complete_narrative_localization","public_status":"Recorded correction pending; working-paper assertion requires the stated repair or qualification."},{"issue_id":"S_KS-P15-Q003","finding":"D7 describes a qualified-witness summary of voluminous records as permitted if the opponent had a reasonable chance to examine them. Section60-467(d)(6) additionally requires that the writings cannot conveniently be examined in court and that the writings be present for cross-examination, production be waived, or the judge find production unnecessary. Those additional branches are missing from the stated summary route; the duplicate and electronic-original claims remain separate.","affected_claim_ids":[],"related_claim_ids":["S_KS-P15-C038","S_KS-P15-C039","S_KS-P15-C040"],"validated_exact_raw_rows":[],"exact_original_cell_matches":[],"source_urls":["https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0067_section/060_004_0067_k/"],"localization":"claim_row_matches_available_no_complete_narrative_localization","public_status":"Recorded correction pending; working-paper assertion requires the stated repair or qualification."},{"issue_id":"S_KS-P15-Q004","finding":"E3's ESI-loss bullets omit the section60-237(e) gateway that the information should have been preserved in anticipation/conduct of litigation and cannot be restored or replaced through additional discovery. The prejudice/intent branches are otherwise distinguished. C050 correctly states intent as a necessary condition for severe sanctions and is not itself treated as false.","affected_claim_ids":[],"related_claim_ids":["S_KS-P15-C050"],"validated_exact_raw_rows":[],"exact_original_cell_matches":[],"source_urls":["https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_002_0000_article/060_002_0037_section/060_002_0037_k/"],"localization":"claim_row_matches_available_no_complete_narrative_localization","public_status":"Recorded correction pending; working-paper assertion requires the stated repair or qualification."},{"issue_id":"S_KS-P15-Q005","finding":"Six positive coverage rows link to claims that cover only part or a different proposition: entity counsel→capacity C006; Chapter60 petition elements→written instrument/verification C014–C017; small-claims pleadings→discovery/substantive proof C019–C020; instrument classification→enforcement C011–C013; Chapter61 discovery→admissions/interrogatories C044; nonparty records→certification C035–C036. C034's multiple-hearsay pinpoint is60-460 while the specific rule is60-463. The fifteen-row case matrix includes Cremer, but that case has no source-register row/full literal URL/read bounds or linked claim. The small-claims assigned-claim conclusion also needs the specific2703 locator, which is absent from S003's listed sections.","affected_claim_ids":[],"related_claim_ids":["S_KS-P15-C034"],"validated_exact_raw_rows":[],"exact_original_cell_matches":[],"source_urls":["https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/060_000_0000_chapter/060_004_0000_article/060_004_0063_section/060_004_0063_k/","https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/laws/061_000_0000_chapter/061_027_0000_article/061_027_0003_section/061_027_0003_k/"],"localization":"claim_row_matches_available_no_complete_narrative_localization","public_status":"Recorded correction pending; working-paper assertion requires the stated repair or qualification."}],"resolved_corrections":[],"review_history":[{"id":"S_KS-P15-scoped-review-20261029","status":"reviewed_five_bounded_findings_UNSENT_source_judicial_application_holds","at":null}]}