{"meta":{"key":"c_za--pass-21","task":"C_ZA","title":"CZA South Africa","parent_title":"South Africa consumer debt and resolution","edition":"pass-21","path":"/research/c_za--pass-21/","kind":"split_pass","category":"international","role":"country","area_numbers":[97,98],"groups":["global"],"date":"2026-10-27","tables":15,"claims":30,"sources":19,"review_status":"scoped_review_complete_one_material_2_3_scope_repair_pending","review_complete":true,"sha256":"343775489c14415c79fe7625118ad3d51f4afb8b9510761200a2608939f41011","headings":["Insolvency Act §149: primary jurisdiction text, amendment chain and foreign-designation boundary","Fresh primary judicial text","1.1 The alternatives and their different dates","1.2 Actual judicial application, not merely a copied heading","1.3 What remains unconfirmed","Official primary compilation","2.1 Older terminology does not identify a modern seat by itself","2.2 Area is a legal boundary, not simply a province label","Fresh enacted amendment","3.1 Domestic alternative forum","3.2 Foreign-State branch","3.3 Original amendment and repeal must not be conflated","Original enacted body, disclosed primary reproduction","4.1 Designation requires a legal instrument","4.2 Original approval and withdrawal provisions are not certified current","4.3 Commencement is not the same as designation","4.4 Actual current designation status remains unresolved","5.1 Exact §149(2) wording obtained from a final judgment","5.2 “Made by it” is a real boundary","5.3 No broad automatic-nullity or cure conclusion","5.4 Section 151 remains a different review gateway","Model A — jurisdictional connections","Model B — domestic and foreign discretion","Reviewed coverage rows","Affected P19 claim cells","Jurisdiction, definition and area — 12 rows","Proviso, amendments and designation — 12 rows","Own orders, review and authority limits — 6 rows","Fictional workflows — 6 rows","Models, crosswalk and research controls — 6 rows","Nine provincial/local holds","Self-check","Exact unresolved primary question"],"generation_provenance":{"actual_route":"regular_chat_adaptive_models","actual_model":"GPT-6","actual_mode":"Pro","provenance_limit":"Actual documented capture labels only; missing labels remain unknown. No preferred setting is inferred as actual execution."},"public_id":"C_ZA/pass-21","facets":{"geography":["international","c_za"],"debt_type":[],"stage":["bankruptcy"],"subject":["bankruptcy-insolvency"]},"scope":"SettleADebt C_ZA PASS-21 — SAME ORIGINAL AUTHORISED REGULAR CHAT. ONLY REVIEWED P19 REMAINING INSOLVENCY ACT149 PRIMARY COURT-JURISDICTION TEXT / MATERIAL AMENDMENT-COMMENCEMENT / FOREIGN-DESIGNATION BOUNDARY. No whole surrender/sequestration, report-publication or creditor-threshold rerun.","pending_corrections":0},"markdown":"# SettleADebt C_ZA PASS-21 — South Africa\n\n## Insolvency Act §149: primary jurisdiction text, amendment chain and foreign-designation boundary\n\n**Disposition: materially strengthened primary support, but not complete current-law certification.** P21 obtained published final judgments that quote and apply §149(1), including a 2025 judgment, and a separate final judgment quoting §149(2). It also obtained official primary legislation connecting older High Court terminology to the modern High Court and Division structure.\n\nThe remaining gaps are specific: the complete current official Insolvency Act definition and §149 consolidation; parts of the amendment/commencement chain; the amended Cross-Border Insolvency Act designation procedure; and the current designation status of any particular foreign State. No conclusion that “no States are designated” is made.\n\n**Fresh P21 access:** 27 October 2026 UTC and America/Los_Angeles. Individual source-opening times were not logged and remain unknown.\n\nP19’s original access history, Rule 6(9) correction, symbolic examples and local/private holds remain intact. P20 is not adopted as a premise. The supplied P19 coordinator-review time is not treated as a source-opening time or independent review.\n\n# 1. What §149(1) actually says—and what the new primary evidence establishes\n\n### Fresh primary judicial text\n\n- *Chapman Fund Managers (Pty) Ltd and Another v Phala*, Gauteng Division, Pretoria, 11 November 2016, paragraph 11:\nhttps://semantis.ai/resources/32205.pdf\n- *Mel Properties 100 (Pty) Ltd v van der Walt and Another* [2025] ZAWCHC 366, Western Cape Division, Cape Town, 19 August 2025, paragraphs 12 and 40:\nhttps://semantis.ai/resources/53880.pdf\n\nThese are reproductions of actual final judicial opinions on a non-official public host, not fresh official statutory consolidations. Both arose in creditor-initiated proceedings, but they quote the shared jurisdiction provision expressly covering **acceptance of surrender or sequestration**. Only that jurisdictional text and its application are used here. **C_ZA-P21-C001.**\n\n## 1.1 The alternatives and their different dates\n\nThe quoted §149(1) gives jurisdiction over a debtor through either of these routes:\n\n| Route | Required connection with the court’s area | Relevant time |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **§149(1)(a)** | Debtor is domiciled there, **or** owns property there, **or** is entitled to property there | Date the surrender/sequestration petition is lodged with the registrar |\n| **§149(1)(b)** | Debtor ordinarily resided there, **or** carried on business there | At any time within the twelve months immediately preceding lodgment |\n\nThese are alternatives, not cumulative requirements. The twelve-month look-back does not mean twelve months of continuous residence or business must always be proved. The words require the relevant connection **at some time within that period**, subject to the legal meaning and proof of ordinary residence or carrying on business. **C002–C004.** [Semantis+1](https://semantis.ai/resources/32205.pdf)\n\nThe filing event is **lodgment with the registrar**. Identifying a Master’s office, publishing a notice, emailing an application, or obtaining a hearing allocation does not substitute for proving a §149 connection at the appropriate statutory time. **C004, C025.**\n\n## 1.2 Actual judicial application, not merely a copied heading\n\nIn *Chapman*, the court quoted §149(1) and found the relevant residence/business connection within the preceding twelve months. The judgment proceeded to provisional sequestration with a rule nisi. It does not establish a present local filing practice or every possible jurisdictional fact pattern. **C005.** [Semantis+2](https://semantis.ai/resources/32205.pdf)\n\nIn *Mel Properties*, the court quoted the core and proviso and held, in paragraph 40, that the debtor had carried on business within its jurisdiction during the twelve months immediately preceding lodgment. The order was **provisional sequestration**, not a final sequestration order. This is a 2025 judicial application of §149(1)(b), not a complete 2026 statutory-amendment audit. **C006.** [Semantis+2](https://semantis.ai/resources/53880.pdf)\n\nThe judgment’s fact-specific business finding must not be flattened into a rule that every director, shareholder, visitor or person associated with a local company carries on business in that area. Nor is property owned by a company automatically property owned by its director or shareholder. Actual legal rights and activities remain necessary evidence. **C007.** [Semantis](https://semantis.ai/resources/53880.pdf)\n\n## 1.3 What remains unconfirmed\n\nP21 has now moved beyond P19’s sole reliance on a statutory read-aid for the core wording. It has **primary judicial quotation and application**. Nevertheless:\n\n- the complete current official Insolvency Act §149 body was not obtained;\n- the exact current Insolvency Act definition of “Court” was not freshly recovered;\n- the judgments are dated applications, not certificates that no later amendment occurred; and\n- no actual debtor’s domicile, property rights, ordinary residence or business history was examined.\n\n**C001, C008, C028.**\n\n# 2. Modern High Court, Division and area: the primary statutory bridge\n\n### Official primary compilation\n\nhttps://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/2013-010.pdf\n\nSuperior Courts Act 10 of 2013, **§§1, 2(3), 6(3), 50–53**. The hosted edition read carries a May 2025 publication/download marker; that is not P21’s access time or proof of all later amendments.\n\n## 2.1 Older terminology does not identify a modern seat by itself\n\nSection 53 supplies a statutory interpretation bridge for references in other laws to older Supreme Court, High Court and provincial/local division terminology. They are construed as the High Court of South Africa or a Division, as the context requires. Sections 50–52 deal with institutional and pending-proceeding transitions. **C009.** [Justice](https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/2013-010.pdf)\n\nThis materially supports the modern institutional description, but it does not replace the missing exact current Insolvency Act definition or determine which Division or seat has jurisdiction over an actual debtor.\n\n## 2.2 Area is a legal boundary, not simply a province label\n\nUnder §6(3), the Minister, following the required consultation, defines or changes Divisional areas and local seats by Gazette notice. An area may comprise parts of one or more provinces. Existing proceedings receive the statutory protection stated in that subsection when notices change the arrangements. **C010.** [Justice](https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/2013-010.pdf)\n\nThus:\n\n- “the debtor is in a province” is not a complete seat/jurisdiction analysis;\n- a Master’s administrative area is not automatically the High Court’s territorial area; and\n- no current boundary or seat notice for any of the nine provinces was read in this pass.\n\nSection 2(3) also treats the Superior Courts Act as complementary to specific legislation governing a superior court’s functioning, with the specific legislation prevailing where the stated conflict arises. The Insolvency Act’s particular jurisdiction test must therefore still be applied. **C011.** [Justice](https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/2013-010.pdf)\n\n# 3. The §149 proviso: jurisdiction first, discretion second\n\n### Fresh enacted amendment\n\nhttps://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a42-010.pdf\n\nJudicial Matters Amendment Act 42 of 2001:\n\n- **§2:** zero-based PDF P2 / printed Gazette page 4;\n- **§47 and §48:** zero P12 / printed page 24.\n\n## 3.1 Domestic alternative forum\n\nThe domestic branch concerns the estate of a person **over whom the court has jurisdiction** where it appears equitable or convenient that the estate should be sequestrated by another court within South Africa.\n\nThe stated power is to **refuse or postpone** acceptance of surrender or sequestration. It is not an automatic transfer, an instruction that the other court must accept the matter, or a means of creating a missing §149 nexus. **C012.** [gov.za](https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a42-010.pdf)\n\nA contention that another court is more suitable therefore raises a different question from denying that the first court has jurisdiction at all.\n\n## 3.2 Foreign-State branch\n\nThe foreign branch concerns the estate of a person:\n\n1. **domiciled in a State**;\n2. that State **has not been designated under §2 of the Cross-Border Insolvency Act 42 of 2000**; and\n3. it appears equitable or convenient for the estate to be sequestrated by a court outside South Africa.\n\nThe resulting power is again **refusal or postponement**, not automatic foreign recognition, referral or transfer. A historical residence, nationality, foreign bank account or property connection is not automatically the required foreign domicile. **C013.** [gov.za](https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a42-010.pdf)\n\nThe proviso presupposes a court properly considering the surrender/sequestration petition. Its reference to a foreign State does not supply an independent South African jurisdictional connection where §149(1)’s gateway is otherwise missing.\n\n## 3.3 Original amendment and repeal must not be conflated\n\nThe original Cross-Border Insolvency Act’s §33 proposed a different substitution of the §149 proviso, retaining the domestic branch. But Act 42 of 2001:\n\n- substituted the fuller domestic/foreign proviso through its **§2**; and\n- expressly repealed Cross-Border Insolvency Act **§33** through its **§47**.\n\nThe original 2000 §33 cannot simply be treated as the presently operative amendment without accounting for that repeal. **C014.** [CISP+2](https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/attachments/03534_crossboronsact42.pdf)\n\nSection 48 of the 2001 Act contains specific retrospective/deferred arrangements for other numbered provisions. P21 did not recover the complete general commencement foundation and all subsequent material instruments. The 2016 and 2025 judgments’ use of the fuller proviso corroborates its judicial application, but does not replace an exhaustive commencement chain. **C015.**\n\n# 4. Foreign designation: what the primary body proves and what remains open\n\n### Original enacted body, disclosed primary reproduction\n\nhttps://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/attachments/03534_crossboronsact42.pdf\n\nCross-Border Insolvency Act 42 of 2000:\n\n- **§1(i):** zero PDF P3 / printed page 6;\n- **§2(2)–(4), §§4 and 7:** zero P4 / printed page 8;\n- **§§33–34:** zero P11 / printed page 22.\n\n## 4.1 Designation requires a legal instrument\n\nThe original §2(2)(a) makes the Act applicable to a State designated by the Minister **by notice in the Gazette**. Section 2(2)(b) requires the Minister to be satisfied about the relevant recognition position under the foreign State’s law before designation. The original Act’s defined “foreign State” is tied to designation. **C016.** [CISP+1](https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/attachments/03534_crossboronsact42.pdf)\n\nThat is materially different from:\n\n- a country being foreign in ordinary speech;\n- a country having adopted the UNCITRAL Model Law;\n- a foreign court having opened proceedings;\n- a general diplomatic relationship; or\n- a secondary author saying that the country should be recognised.\n\nNone of those facts, alone, is the Gazette designation required by the text.\n\n## 4.2 Original approval and withdrawal provisions are not certified current\n\nThe original §2(3) addresses withdrawal of designation and the original §2(4) addresses parliamentary approval. A material later amendment by **Judicial Matters Second Amendment Act 55 of 2003, §30**, was identified. Its exact operative clause was not successfully read despite obtaining part of the official Act file and attempting a different official route. **C017.**\n\nConsequently, P21 does not publish the original approval/withdrawal wording as the complete current procedure. The missing body is precise: **Act 55 of 2003 §30, its commencement instrument and any subsequent amendment or designation/withdrawal notices**.\n\n## 4.3 Commencement is not the same as designation\n\nThe original Cross-Border Insolvency Act §34 requires commencement by presidential proclamation. Official metadata identifies commencement on **28 November 2003**, associated with Gazette 25768. The underlying proclamation body was not obtained here.\n\nEven a fully verified commencement date would not itself identify designated States. Commencement of the Act, designation of a State and withdrawal or amendment of a designation are separate legal events. **C018.** [CISP](https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/attachments/03534_crossboronsact42.pdf)\n\n## 4.4 Actual current designation status remains unresolved\n\nThe bounded official searches did not produce a designation notice or a complete authoritative current list. P21 therefore makes neither of these statements:\n\n- “State X is designated”; or\n- “No foreign States have been designated.”\n\nFailure to find a notice is not proof of non-designation. For the §149 proviso’s foreign branch, **unknown designation status must remain unknown**, not be replaced by “not designated.” **C019.**\n\nThe original Act also preserves other South African-law assistance in §7. Absence or uncertainty of designation is therefore not treated as a complete ruling on all common-law or other statutory recognition possibilities. Those issues are deferred. **C020.** [cisp.cachefly.net](https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/attachments/03534_crossboronsact42.pdf)\n\n# 5. Section 149(2), other courts and §151\n\n## 5.1 Exact §149(2) wording obtained from a final judgment\n\nIn *Smith v National Urban Reconstruction and Housing Agency and Others*, KwaZulu-Natal High Court, Durban, 22 May 2013, Lopes J quoted §149(2) in paragraph 6:\n\n“The court may rescind or vary any order made by it under the provisions of this Act.”\n\nSource:\n\nhttps://semantis.ai/resources/35289.pdf\n\nParagraph 6, **zero PDF P2 / printed page 3**. The parsed final judgment was read; the attempted image of that target page failed. No pixel inspection of that paragraph is claimed. **C021.** [Semantis](https://semantis.ai/resources/35289.pdf)\n\nThe words establish a power, not an automatic entitlement. In *Smith*, the applicant’s assertion that sufficient grounds need not be shown was an argument, not the holding. The court declined relief and dismissed the application. P21 does not reproduce the judgment’s wider rescission analysis or treat it as a complete current rescission code. **C022.**\n\n## 5.2 “Made by it” is a real boundary\n\nSection 149(2), on its wording, concerns orders made by that court under the Act. It does not by itself authorise an unrelated court to alter another court’s order.\n\nThat does not mean the same **individual judge** must always act. Court identity, Division/seat arrangements, transfer, appeal and review routes require their own authority. P21 does not resolve those procedural questions from the phrase “made by it.” **C023.**\n\n## 5.3 No broad automatic-nullity or cure conclusion\n\nIn *Courtney v Boshoff NO and Others* [2024] ZASCA 104, the unanimous SCA held that the particular final sequestration order, although not preceded by the expected provisional sequence, was not simply a nullity that could be ignored; it remained effective until set aside. The appeal against the principal dismissal was dismissed, while specified contingent lower-court orders were set aside. **C024.**\n\nOfficial final judgment:\n\nhttps://www.supremecourtofappeal.org.za/index.php/component/jdownloads/send/94-judgements-2024/4280-eamonn-courtney-v-izak-johannes-boshoff-no-others-483-2023-2024-zasca-104-21-june-2024?Itemid=0\n\nParagraphs 18, 23–25 and 30–31; zero P12 / printed 13 and zero P14 / printed 15 for the material boundary and order. [Supreme Court of Appeal+2](https://www.supremecourtofappeal.org.za/index.php/component/jdownloads/send/94-judgements-2024/4280-eamonn-courtney-v-izak-johannes-boshoff-no-others-483-2023-2024-zasca-104-21-june-2024?Itemid=0)\n\nThis does not decide every defect, jurisdictional nullity or permissible correction. Nor is the lower court’s discarded conditional alteration treated as a general SCA endorsement of an unlimited §149(2) curing power.\n\n## 5.4 Section 151 remains a different review gateway\n\nP19’s precisely attributed read of *Mayo NO v De Montlehu* [2015] ZASCA 127, paragraph 6, remains the source for the §151 quotation. It concerns review of specified Master or presiding-officer decisions, subject to §57, notice to affected persons and the confirmed-account qualification. It is not the initial jurisdiction test for surrender and not the same as varying the court’s own order under §149(2). **C026.**\n\nP19 source, **not freshly reopened in P21**:\n\nhttps://www.supremecourtofappeal.org.za/index.php/component/jdownloads/send/25-judgments-2015/3019-mayo-no-v-de-montlehu-20504-14-2015-zasca-127-23-september-2015?Itemid=0\n\nParagraph 6, zero PDF P3 / printed page 4.\n\n# 6. Primary-authority and status crosswalk\n\n| Instrument or judgment | What P21 actually establishes | What it does not establish |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **§149(1) in Chapman, 2016** | Core and proviso quoted; jurisdiction applied on residence/business facts | Complete current consolidation or every Division’s practice |\n| **§149(1) in Mel Properties, 2025** | Core/proviso quoted; §149(1)(b) applied to business connection | Foreign designation decision or a rule that every directorship suffices |\n| **Act42/2001 §§2,47** | Enacted fuller proviso and repeal of original Cross-Border Act §33 | Complete later amendment/commencement chain |\n| **Original Cross-Border Act §§1–2,34** | Gazette designation mechanism and proclamation commencement structure | Current amended approval/withdrawal rules or actual designated-State list |\n| **Act55/2003 §30** | Material amendment identified | Operative text and commencement not closed |\n| **Superior Courts Act §§2,6,53** | Modern institutional interpretation and Gazette-defined areas | Actual current jurisdiction boundaries for a selected court |\n| **§149(2) in Smith, 2013** | Exact own-order power quoted; relief refused on those facts | Automatic rescission or a complete current remedial code |\n| **Courtney, SCA 2024** | Particular order remained effective; no adequate rescission case; conditional lower orders set aside | Every defect is cured or every order is immune from challenge |\n| **§151 in Mayo, P19 reuse** | Different Master/presiding-officer review route | Initial surrender jurisdiction or cross-court variation |\n\n# 7. Six fictional jurisdiction postures\n\nThese are invented classification exercises, not court-selection or litigation advice.\n\n| No. | Assumed facts | Conditional analysis | Adverse branch and missing evidence |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **1 — Domestic nexus, another court asserted** | At lodgment, a debtor is domiciled in Area A. A party says Area B is more convenient. | On the quoted §149(1)(a), Area A’s nexus is potentially present. The domestic proviso raises a separate equitable/convenient refusal-or-postponement question. **C002–C004, C012.** | Convenience does not erase or create jurisdiction automatically. Missing: actual domicile, current area notices, evidence supporting the alternative and applicable procedural authority. |\n| **2 — Domestic nexus disputed** | A debtor moved away; it is unclear whether ordinary residence or business continued in the preceding twelve months. | The filing-date and look-back alternatives must be tested separately. A failed present-residence argument does not necessarily defeat a proven business look-back. **C002–C007.** | A mailing address, company connection or occasional visit may not prove the relevant legal fact. Missing: dates, activities and actual property rights. |\n| **3 — Historical foreign connection, no designation proof** | Debtor lived abroad years earlier; a party asserts that the foreign State is “not designated.” | The foreign proviso requires the relevant **domicile**, not any historical connection, plus reliable designation-status evidence. **C013, C016–C019.** | No notice was produced; absence from a search is not proof of non-designation. No foreign-forum conclusion follows. |\n| **4 — Domestic connection plus foreign domicile** | A debtor owns qualifying property in Area A when filing and is assumed domiciled in State F. | Domestic nexus and possible foreign-forum discretion are separate. If non-designation and equitable/convenient treatment are properly established, the court may refuse or postpone. **C002, C013–C019.** | If State F’s status is unknown, the foreign proviso is not factually established. If designated, other law may matter; no recognition result is supplied. |\n| **5 — Different court asked to change order** | Court A made an Insolvency Act order; an applicant asks Court B to vary it solely under §149(2). | “Made by it” does not itself establish Court B’s power. **C021–C024.** | Court identity, lawful transfer, appeal or review may provide a different route, but none is assumed. This is not a requirement to return to the same individual judge. |\n| **6 — Master office known, court nexus unknown** | Applicant has identified a Master’s office and an online publication channel, but no court-area connection is proved. | Administrative readiness does not supply §149 jurisdiction. The Master-report and publication issues remain distinct from court competence. **C010–C011, C025–C026.** | Missing: current court area, debtor nexus and relevant court process. No filing-ready conclusion follows. |\n\n# 8. Two symbolic gateway models\n\n## Model A — jurisdictional connections\n\nLet:\n\n- T = date the petition is lodged with the registrar;\n- A = the legally defined area of the court;\n- D(T,A) = debtor domiciled in A at T;\n- P(T,A) = debtor owns or is entitled to property in A at T;\n- R(A,T−12 months,T) = ordinary residence in A at some time within the preceding twelve months;\n- B(A,T−12 months,T) = carrying on business in A at some time within that period.\n\nThe quoted statutory gateway is:\n\nJ = D OR P OR R OR B\n\nThis is a classification model, not a substitute for proof. Unknown inputs remain unknown. If J is established, the proviso and other requirements still remain. If none is established, a Master’s office, publication or preference for that forum does not make J true. **C002–C004, C025, C027.** [Semantis](https://semantis.ai/resources/53880.pdf)\n\nNo exact calendar endpoint or live filing date is computed.\n\n## Model B — domestic and foreign discretion\n\nAssume J is established.\n\n**Domestic branch**\n\nAnother domestic court + equitable/convenient finding → court MAY refuse or postpone\n\n**Foreign branch**\n\nForeign domicile + verified non-designation + equitable/convenient finding → court MAY refuse or postpone\n\nNeither branch is:\n\n→ automatic transfer, foreign recognition, surrender acceptance or discharge.\n\nIf designation status is unknown, it must not be substituted with not designated. **C012–C020, C027.** [South African Government+1](https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a42-010.pdf)\n\n# 9. Exact P19 replacement/status crosswalk\n\n## Reviewed coverage rows\n\n| P19 row | Supplied original position | P21 replacement/status |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **C_ZA-P19-J01 — Current official §149 core** | Partial — C001–C002; operative official consolidated body required | **Partial, materially strengthened.** Final primary judgments quote and apply §149(1), including a 2025 application. Complete current official statutory body remains missing. P21 C001–C008. |\n| **C_ZA-P19-J05 — Foreign alternative forum** | Partial — C003,C036; designation and foreign nexus needed | **Still partial.** Enacted proviso and original Gazette-designation mechanism read. Actual State designation status, amended procedure and complete commencement chain remain unconfirmed. P21 C013–C020. |\n| **C_ZA-P19-J07 — §149(2) variation/rescission** | Partial — C006; current primary text/procedure needed | **Primary quotation now obtained; currentness/application still partial.** *Smith* para6 quotes exact text; “made by it,” discretion and no automatic outcome are preserved. P21 C021–C024. |\n| **C_ZA-P19-D01 — Complete current Insolvency Act** | §149 and court-definition primary chain incomplete | **Hold narrowed, not closed.** Modern High Court terminology/area bridge verified in official Superior Courts Act; exact current Insolvency Act definition and complete §149 chain still missing. |\n| **C_ZA-P19-D13 — Foreign law/designations/recognition** | Only §149 proviso boundary; A098 held | **Hold retained with added designation-source detail.** Original §2 mechanism read; actual designations and material amended approval/withdrawal body remain unresolved. No recognition dossier or A098 acceptance. |\n\n**C_ZA-P19-J09 remains unchanged:** actual court, seat, Master’s office and local application remain unverified.\n\n## Affected P19 claim cells\n\n| P19 claim | Exact replacement or retained qualification |\n| --- | --- |\n| **C_ZA-P19-C001 — replace** | P19 recovered §149’s core only through a secondary reproduction. P21 adds fresh final judicial quotations and applications in *Chapman* and *Mel Properties*. No complete current official Insolvency Act consolidation is claimed. |\n| **C_ZA-P19-C002 — replace** | Section 149(1), as quoted in those judgments, distinguishes filing-date domicile/ownership/entitlement from ordinary residence or business at any time within the immediately preceding twelve months. These are alternative connections; actual nexus and current court-area evidence remain required. |\n| **C_ZA-P19-C003 — retain and augment** | Act42/2001 §2 supplies the enacted domestic/foreign refusal-or-postponement proviso. P21 separately reads the original Cross-Border designation mechanism but does not establish current designation status or a complete amended procedure. |\n| **C_ZA-P19-C006 — replace** | Section149(2) is freshly quoted in the final *Smith* judgment: the court may rescind or vary an order made by it under the Act. This is a discretionary own-order power, not automatic relief or an established power in a different court. |\n| **C_ZA-P19-C036 — replace** | Foreign designation status, the full material commencement/amendment chain and recognition consequences remain unresolved. P21 identifies Act55/2003 §30 as a material unread amendment and does not turn an unsuccessful designation search into a finding that none exist. |\n\nNo other P19 claim, model or source history is replaced.\n\n# 10. Full source register — C_ZA-P21-S001 onward\n\n**Fresh access date: 27 October 2026 UTC/Pacific. Exact opening clocks unknown.** Page indices are zero-based; printed labels are stated only where actually established.\n\n| ID | Issuer/title and full literal HTTPS URL | Actual reading and locator | Status and limitation |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **C_ZA-P21-S001** | Western Cape High Court, *Mel Properties 100 (Pty) Ltd v van der Walt and Another* [2025] ZAWCHC366, 19 Aug2025. https://semantis.ai/resources/53880.pdf | Paras12–40; §149 quote zero P4–P5; holding para40 zero P12; provisional order para60 zero P18–P19. Images inspected. Printed page labels not shown. | **Fresh final judicial opinion on non-official mirror.** Mangcu-Lockwood J, single judge. Jurisdiction established through business look-back; provisional order granted. No final designation holding or full citator. |\n| **S002** | Gauteng High Court, *Chapman Fund Managers (Pty) Ltd and Another v Phala*, 11 Nov2016. https://semantis.ai/resources/32205.pdf | Paras11–12, zero P4–P5 / printed pp5–6; rule-nisi order continuation zero P17/printed18. Images read. | **Fresh final judicial opinion on mirror.** Avvakoumides AJ, single judge. Jurisdiction applied; provisional order/rule nisi. No all-local practice finding. |\n| **S003** | KwaZulu-Natal High Court, *Smith v National Urban Reconstruction and Housing Agency and Others*, 22 May2013. https://semantis.ai/resources/35289.pdf | Para6, zero P2/printed3; paras24–25 outcome, zero P10/printed11; date P11/printed12. Target P2 image failed; parsed text read. | **Fresh final opinion, Lopes J.** Exact §149(2) quoted; application dismissed. Other successfully viewed pages do not make the failed target a pixel read. |\n| **S004** | SCA, *Courtney v Boshoff NO and Others* [2024] ZASCA104, 21 June2024. https://www.supremecourtofappeal.org.za/index.php/component/jdownloads/send/94-judgements-2024/4280-eamonn-courtney-v-izak-johannes-boshoff-no-others-483-2023-2024-zasca-104-21-june-2024?Itemid=0 | Paras18,23–25,28,30–31; zero P12/printed13 and P14/printed15 images; order P1/printed2. | **Fresh official final unanimous judgment**, Nicholls JA, four concurrences. Principal appeal dismissed; specified contingent lower orders set aside. Narrow non-nullity boundary only. |\n| **S005** | Parliament/Presidency, *Judicial Matters Amendment Act42/2001*, GG22912, GoN1313, 7 Dec2001. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a42-010.pdf | §2 zero P2/GG4; §§47–48 zero P12/GG24, images read. | **Fresh enacted body.** Later text reopen failed, without undoing successful body/image reads. Complete general/later commencement chain not certified. |\n| **S006** | Justice, *Superior Courts Act10/2013*, amended compilation. https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/2013-010.pdf | §1 zero P1; §2(3) P2; §6(3) P3; §§50–53 P15. Images read. Printed labels unverified. | **Fresh official-hosted legislative compilation**, May2025 marker. Header commencement23 Aug2013 attributed; underlying proclamation not freshly read. Actual area notices not examined. |\n| **S007** | Parliament/Presidency, original *Cross-Border Insolvency Act42/2000*. https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/attachments/03534_crossboronsact42.pdf | §1(i) zero P3/printed6; §§2(2)–(4),4,7 P4/printed8; §§33–34 P11/printed22. Images read. | **Fresh primary enactment reproduction on non-official host.** Original, not amended current text. |\n| **S008** | Justice, *Judicial Matters Second Amendment Act55/2003*, GG26206, GoN428, 31 Mar2004. https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/2003-055.pdf | Initial document/header obtained; relevant §30 body not verified after subsequent retrieval/image failures. | **Partial source access.** Amendment identity located; exact current amended designation terms not adopted. |\n| **S009** | SCA, *Mayo NO v De Montlehu* [2015] ZASCA127, 23 Sept2015. https://www.supremecourtofappeal.org.za/index.php/component/jdownloads/send/25-judgments-2015/3019-mayo-no-v-de-montlehu-20504-14-2015-zasca-127-23-september-2015?Itemid=0 | Para6, zero P3/printed4. | **Precisely attributed P19 reuse**, accessed there27 Oct2026 and selected by coordinator. Not freshly reopened P21. Only statutory review-route distinction used. |\n| **S010** | gov.za, original Cross-Border Act PDF. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a42-000.pdf | Timeout; no body. | **Failed official route.** Successful primary reproduction is S007. |\n| **S011** | Justice, Cross-Border Act compilation. https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/2000-042.pdf | Direct fetch failed. Search metadata identifies §2 amendment by Act55/2003 §30. | **Failed body/discovery-only amendment locator.** No current amended section inferred. |\n| **S012** | gov.za, Cross-Border Insolvency Act legislative record. https://www.gov.za/documents/cross-border-insolvency-act | Search metadata gives28 Nov2003/GG25768; direct page fetch failed. | **Metadata only.** Underlying commencement proclamation not read. |\n| **S013** | gov.za, Act55/2003 PDF candidate. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a55-03.pdf | Failed fetch; no body. | **Different official alternate.** Does not close §30 gap. |\n| **S014** | gov.za, Judicial Matters Second Amendment Act metadata. https://www.gov.za/documents/judicial-matters-second-amendment-act | Search metadata identifies commencement arrangements; direct body failed. | **Discovery only.** No exact operative amendment date certified from it. |\n| **S015** | Justice, Constitution PDF. https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/SAConstitution-web-eng.pdf | Failed body. | **Unresolved general commencement-law candidate.** No default rule derived. |\n| **S016** | Justice, Constitution Chapter4 HTML. https://www.justice.gov.za/constitution/chp04.html | Failed alternate. | **No §81 body read.** General commencement proof remains limited. |\n| **S017** | SAFLII, official-law-repository route to *Mel Properties*. https://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAWCHC/2025/366.html | HTTP403; no body. | **Failed repository route.** Final opinion read on S001 mirror. |\n| **S018** | SAFLII, route to *Chapman*. https://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAGPPHC/2016/1016.html | HTTP403; no body. | **Failed repository route.** Final opinion read on S002 mirror. |\n| **S019** | gov.za, Act42/2001 legislative metadata. https://www.gov.za/documents/judicial-matters-amendment-act-1 | Fresh search metadata only; P19 failed page route not retried. | **Discovery-only overlay.** Publication/metadata dates do not replace a complete commencement chain. |\n\n# 11. New atomic claim register\n\nAll claims are national, bounded and **not accepted as A066/A097/A098 completion**.\n\n| Claim | Exact proposition, actor and effect | Evidence/pinpoint | Continuing limit |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **C_ZA-P21-C001** | Primary final judgments now quote/apply §149(1); evidence is no longer solely a read-aid. | S001 paras12,40; S002 paras11–12 | Not complete current consolidation |\n| **C002** | Filing-date nexus is domicile, ownership or entitlement to property within court area. | S001 P5; S002 P4 | Actual legal facts required |\n| **C003** | Look-back nexus is ordinary residence or business at some time in preceding twelve months. | Same | Not a required twelve-month duration |\n| **C004** | The connections are alternatives and use registrar lodgment as temporal anchor. | §149(1) quoted in S001/S002 | Exact filing and facts unknown |\n| **C005** | *Chapman* applied the residence/business connection and issued provisional relief. | S002 paras11–12/order | Single-judge dated holding |\n| **C006** | *Mel Properties* applied §149(1)(b) in2025 and granted provisional sequestration. | S001 para40,60 | Not foreign-designation decision |\n| **C007** | A company relationship or address alone does not prove the debtor’s personal property/business nexus. | S001 paras24–40 | Actual rights/activities required |\n| **C008** | Exact current Insolvency Act Court definition remains unconfirmed. | Source gap | Modern bridge does not erase gap |\n| **C009** | Superior Courts §53 converts older court references contextually. | S006 §53, P15 | Exact court/seat still needed |\n| **C010** | Gazette-defined Divisional areas can cross provincial boundaries. | S006 §6(3), P3 | Actual notices not read |\n| **C011** | Specific superior-court legislation can prevail under §2(3). | S006 P2 | Insolvency nexus still applies |\n| **C012** | Domestic proviso permits refusal/postponement where another domestic court is equitable/convenient. | S005 §2 | Jurisdiction first; no automatic transfer |\n| **C013** | Foreign proviso requires foreign domicile, non-designation and equitable/convenient foreign treatment. | S005 §2 | Actual status/facts unknown |\n| **C014** | Act42/2001 §47 repealed original Cross-Border §33. | S005 P12; S007 P11 | Do not use original amendment alone |\n| **C015** | Complete general/material commencement chain remains open. | S005 §48; failed sources | Later judicial use is not exhaustive chain |\n| **C016** | Original designation mechanism requires Ministerial Gazette notice and statutory satisfaction. | S007 §§1(i),2(2), P3–P4 | Current amended procedure held |\n| **C017** | Material Act55/2003 §30 amendment was identified but not fully read. | S008,S011,S013 | Approval/withdrawal current text unresolved |\n| **C018** | Commencement of Cross-Border Act is separate from State designation. | S007 §34; S012 metadata | Proclamation body not read |\n| **C019** | No current State designation or exhaustive no-designation finding was established. | Search audit | Unknown is not non-designated |\n| **C020** | Missing designation does not decide every other-law assistance route. | S007 §7 | Full recognition law deferred |\n| **C021** | §149(2) permits court to rescind/vary its own Act orders. | S003 para6, P2/printed3 | Power, not automatic relief |\n| **C022** | *Smith* rejected relief on its facts; applicant argument was not holding. | S003 paras5–6,24–25 | No full current rescission test supplied |\n| **C023** | “Made by it” does not itself authorise another court; same individual judge is not inferred. | §149(2) text/inference | Court identity and separate routes held |\n| **C024** | *Courtney* rejects automatic-nullity conclusion for its particular irregularity. | S004 paras23–25,30–31 | Not universal cure/validity rule |\n| **C025** | Master office, publication or readiness does not supply §149 nexus. | C002–C011 distinction | P19 procedure unchanged |\n| **C026** | §151 review of Master/presiding officer differs from §149 jurisdiction/own-order power. | S009 P19 reuse, para6 | Full review merits/procedure held |\n| **C027** | Fictional models separate nexus, discretion and missing facts. | C002–C026 | No live court selection |\n| **C028** | No complete later statutory or case citator was performed. | Source/read audit | Currentness limits retained |\n| **C029** | Only identified P19 rows/claims receive this overlay; P20 not adopted. | Crosswalk | Original raw provenance preserved |\n| **C030** | No actual record, contact, filing or publication occurred; broader acceptance remains held. | Research-method record | No operational approval |\n\n# 12. Complete granular coverage\n\n## Jurisdiction, definition and area — 12 rows\n\n| Row | Question | Status / claims | Exact remaining evidence |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **J01** | Primary §149(1) core | Partial, strengthened — C001 | Complete current official statutory body |\n| **J02** | Registrar-lodgment date | Answered in quoted text — C004 | Actual lodgment evidence |\n| **J03** | Domicile at filing | Conditional — C002 | Actual domicile facts/law |\n| **J04** | Ownership/entitlement | Conditional — C002,C007 | Debtor’s legal property right |\n| **J05** | Ordinary residence look-back | Conditional — C003 | Actual dates and ordinary residence |\n| **J06** | Business look-back | Conditional — C003,C006 | Actual activity and dates |\n| **J07** | Alternative rather than cumulative tests | Answered — C004 | No automatic factual conclusion |\n| **J08** | Exact Insolvency Act Court definition | Unresolved — C008 | Current official definition |\n| **J09** | Modern court-reference bridge | Answered at statutory level — C009 | Contextual application |\n| **J10** | Division/seat/area notices | Partial — C010 | Current applicable notices |\n| **J11** | Specific-law interaction | Answered boundary — C011 | Actual conflict, if any |\n| **J12** | Local application | Unresolved — C008–C011 | Actual court and private nexus |\n\n## Proviso, amendments and designation — 12 rows\n\n| Row | Question | Status / claims | Exact remaining evidence |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **F01** | Act42/2001 proviso | Fresh primary body — C012–C014 | Complete later chain |\n| **F02** | Domestic alternative court | Conditional — C012 | Equitable/convenient facts |\n| **F03** | Foreign domicile | Conditional — C013 | Actual domicile |\n| **F04** | Non-designated-State condition | Conditional — C013,C019 | Gazette status at relevant time |\n| **F05** | Refuse/postpone versus transfer | Boundary answered — C012–C013 | Separate transfer authority |\n| **F06** | Original Cross-Border §33 | Historical only — C014 | Do not treat as unrepealed current rule |\n| **F07** | 2001 repeal of §33 | Answered as enacted text — C014 | Commencement reconciliation |\n| **F08** | Act42/2001 commencement | Partial — C015 | General and later operative chain |\n| **F09** | Gazette designation mechanism | Original primary rule read — C016 | Current amended text |\n| **F10** | Approval/withdrawal amendment | Unresolved — C017 | Act55/2003 §30 and commencement |\n| **F11** | Cross-Border Act commencement | Metadata-supported, primary gap — C018 | Proclamation body |\n| **F12** | Actual current designation status | Unresolved — C019–C020 | Official notices/withdrawals/current inventory |\n\n## Own orders, review and authority limits — 6 rows\n\n| Row | Question | Status / claims | Exact remaining evidence |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **R01** | Exact §149(2) text | Primary judicial quotation obtained — C021 | Current official consolidation |\n| **R02** | Own court versus different court | Boundary answered — C023 | Court identity/other jurisdiction |\n| **R03** | Discretion versus entitlement | Answered narrowly — C021–C022 | Actual grounds and procedure |\n| **R04** | Automatic-nullity/cure claim | Rejected as universal inference — C024 | Actual defect and remedy |\n| **R05** | §151 distinction | Retained dated primary reuse — C026 | Actual decision/standing/notice |\n| **R06** | Master office/publication | Not jurisdictional substitute — C025 | Independent §149 proof |\n\n## Fictional workflows — 6 rows\n\n| Row | Workflow | Status / claims | Missing fact |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **W01** | Domestic nexus/other domestic court | Conditional — C002,C012 | Nexus and convenience evidence |\n| **W02** | Disputed domestic nexus | Unresolved factual application — C002–C007 | Dates, activities, rights |\n| **W03** | Historical foreign connection | Insufficient as assumed — C013,C019 | Domicile and designation |\n| **W04** | Domestic plus foreign forum | Conditional — C012–C020 | Verified foreign branch predicates |\n| **W05** | Different court altering order | Not established by §149(2) alone — C021–C024 | Correct court and separate route |\n| **W06** | Master office known | Insufficient jurisdiction proof — C025 | Current court area and debtor nexus |\n\n## Models, crosswalk and research controls — 6 rows\n\n| Row | Matter | Status / claims | Next action |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **M01** | Symbolic nexus model | Conditional only — C027 | Actual evidence |\n| **M02** | Symbolic discretion model | Conditional only — C027 | Designation and judicial assessment |\n| **M03** | Five P19 coverage replacements | Completed overlay — C029 | Same-coordinator review |\n| **M04** | Five P19 claim replacements | Completed overlay — C029 | Preserve originals/history |\n| **M05** | Full currentness/citator | Unresolved — C028 | Focused remaining primary retrieval |\n| **M06** | No actual action/acceptance | Confirmed boundary — C030 | None performed |\n\n**Core coverage: 42 rows.**\n\n# 13. Retained/deferred holds\n\n| Row | Family | Exact retained hold |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **D01** | Complete current Insolvency Act | Exact current Court definition and whole §149 chain incomplete |\n| **D02** | Material amendment commencement | Act42/2001 general chain and Act55/2003 §30 commencement not fully verified |\n| **D03** | Current foreign designations | No exhaustive positive or negative State-status finding |\n| **D04** | Full foreign insolvency recognition | No Model Law/common-law recognition dossier |\n| **D05** | Full rescission/Rule31/Rule42 | Own-order boundary only |\n| **D06** | Full §151 review | No merits, standing or timing determination for an actual decision |\n| **D07** | Division transfer/appeal | Proviso is not treated as a complete transfer mechanism |\n| **D08** | Master report/publication/readiness | P19’s existing findings and holds unchanged |\n| **D09** | Surrender/sequestration merits | No financial, creditor-advantage, asset or order entitlement rerun |\n| **D10** | Actual private jurisdiction facts | No domicile, property, company, estate or docket investigated |\n| **D11** | P20 and other unreviewed reports | Not adopted as premises |\n| **D12** | Parent/country/A066/A097/A098 acceptance | Held; no operational or publication approval |\n\n## Nine provincial/local holds\n\n| Province | Status | Next local evidence needed |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **Eastern Cape** | Unexamined locally | Current Division/seat area notice and applicable jurisdiction/procedural direction |\n| **Free State** | Unexamined locally | Current area, seat and local filing facts |\n| **Gauteng** | Not certified locally | *Chapman* is a dated primary holding, not a current all-seat practice audit |\n| **KwaZulu-Natal** | Not certified locally | *Smith* supplies a narrow dated quotation, not current rescission/local procedure |\n| **Limpopo** | Unexamined locally | Current area/seat notices and actual nexus |\n| **Mpumalanga** | Unexamined locally | Current area/seat notices and actual nexus |\n| **Northern Cape** | Unexamined locally | Current area/seat notices and actual nexus |\n| **North West** | Unexamined locally | Current area/seat notices and actual nexus |\n| **Western Cape** | Not certified locally | *Mel Properties* is a particular 2025 jurisdiction application, not all-local verification |\n\n# 14. Search/read audit and source limits\n\nThe research used generic statutory and published-judgment queries concerning:\n\n- \"section 149(1)\", \"domiciled\", \"carried on business\" and \"twelve months\";\n- \"section 149(2)\" and orders made by the same court;\n- Act42/2001 §§2,47–48;\n- Cross-Border Insolvency Act §2 designation notices;\n- Act55/2003 §30 and commencement;\n- modern High Court references and area determination under the Superior Courts Act.\n\nThe failed whole Insolvency Act, Justice, SAFLII and LawLibrary consolidation routes identified in P19 were not used as a repeated whole-Act retrieval loop. New published final judgments and separate enacted amendments were used instead.\n\n**What was excluded:** search hits consisting of private commercial records, court rolls, party background, commentary asserting that no States were designated, and arguments about recognition unsupported by an opened operative body. No private record was opened to investigate a person or entity.\n\n**What the source mix means:** the most important new support for the core is a **final judicial quotation and application**, not an official current consolidation. The statutory amendment and modern High Court bridge are fresh official primary bodies. The original Cross-Border Act is a disclosed primary reproduction. The current designation list and amended §2 procedure are still missing.\n\nA narrow evidence checklist could now separate four fields: **nexus proved; discretionary forum issue; order-maker identity; designation instrument/status**. It must retain “unknown” where evidence is missing and must not produce a live court-selection recommendation.\n\n# 15. Counts and final disposition\n\n| Deliverable | Actual displayed count |\n| --- | --- |\n| P21 source-register rows | **19** |\n| New atomic claims | **30** |\n| Core coverage rows | **42** |\n| Separate deferred/hold rows | **12** |\n| Provincial/local rows | **9** |\n| **Total coverage/hold rows** | **63** |\n| Fictional workflows | **6** |\n| Symbolic gateway models | **2** |\n| P19 coverage-row replacements | **5** |\n| P19 claim-cell replacements | **5** |\n| Authority/status comparison rows | **9** |\n| Actual court selections, filings or legal outcomes | **0** |\n\n## Self-check\n\n- Section 149’s alternative connections and different temporal points are preserved.\n- A twelve-month look-back is not rewritten as twelve months’ continuous activity.\n- Property entitlement is not inferred from mere corporate association.\n- Jurisdiction and equitable/convenient refusal or postponement remain separate.\n- The proviso is not called an automatic transfer.\n- Foreign domicile and statutory designation status are not replaced by a generic foreign connection.\n- No “none designated” conclusion is drawn from failed searches.\n- Original Cross-Border §33 is not treated as unrepealed current text.\n- Act55/2003’s unread amendment is a visible currentness gap.\n- Section149(2) is limited to orders made by the relevant court and supplies no automatic entitlement.\n- The same court is not equated without analysis to the same individual judge.\n- *Courtney* is not generalised into universal nullity or cure law.\n- Section151 remains a different review route.\n- Master-office identification and publication do not establish jurisdiction.\n- No P20 threshold finding or monetary calculation is used.\n- No local, foreign, parent or A066/A097/A098 acceptance follows.\n\n## Exact unresolved primary question\n\nWhat is the complete currently operative official Insolvency Act definition and §149 text, including the effective amendment chain, and what Gazette designation or withdrawal instruments—read with the operative amendment to Cross-Border Insolvency Act §2—establish the relevant foreign State’s status at the legally relevant time?\n\n**Final P21 disposition:** P19’s source gap is **materially narrowed**. The §149(1) core now has fresh primary judicial quotation and a 2025 application; §149(2) has a fresh final-judgment quotation; the modern High Court/area bridge and 2001 proviso/repeal are supported by primary legislation. Complete current official consolidation, designation procedure/status, actual jurisdiction facts, local rules and all broader acceptance remain held.\n\nEND C_ZA PASS-21\n\n","tables":[{"headers":["Route","Required connection with the court’s area","Relevant time"],"index":0,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[]],"rows":[["Route","Required connection with the court’s area","Relevant time"],["§149(1)(a)","Debtor is domiciled there, or owns property there, or is entitled to property there","Date the surrender/sequestration petition is lodged with the registrar"],["§149(1)(b)","Debtor ordinarily resided there, or carried on business there","At any time within the twelve months immediately preceding lodgment"]]},{"headers":["Instrument or judgment","What P21 actually establishes","What it does not establish"],"index":1,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Instrument or judgment","What P21 actually establishes","What it does not establish"],["§149(1) in Chapman, 2016","Core and proviso quoted; jurisdiction applied on residence/business facts","Complete current consolidation or every Division’s practice"],["§149(1) in Mel Properties, 2025","Core/proviso quoted; §149(1)(b) applied to business connection","Foreign designation decision or a rule that every directorship suffices"],["Act42/2001 §§2,47","Enacted fuller proviso and repeal of original Cross-Border Act §33","Complete later amendment/commencement chain"],["Original Cross-Border Act §§1–2,34","Gazette designation mechanism and proclamation commencement structure","Current amended approval/withdrawal rules or actual designated-State list"],["Act55/2003 §30","Material amendment identified","Operative text and commencement not closed"],["Superior Courts Act §§2,6,53","Modern institutional interpretation and Gazette-defined areas","Actual current jurisdiction boundaries for a selected court"],["§149(2) in Smith, 2013","Exact own-order power quoted; relief refused on those facts","Automatic rescission or a complete current remedial code"],["Courtney, SCA 2024","Particular order remained effective; no adequate rescission case; conditional lower orders set aside","Every defect is cured or every order is immune from challenge"],["§151 in Mayo, P19 reuse","Different Master/presiding-officer review route","Initial surrender jurisdiction or cross-court variation"]]},{"headers":["No.","Assumed facts","Conditional analysis","Adverse branch and missing evidence"],"index":2,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["No.","Assumed facts","Conditional analysis","Adverse branch and missing evidence"],["1 — Domestic nexus, another court asserted","At lodgment, a debtor is domiciled in Area A. A party says Area B is more convenient.","On the quoted §149(1)(a), Area A’s nexus is potentially present. The domestic proviso raises a separate equitable/convenient refusal-or-postponement question. C002–C004, C012.","Convenience does not erase or create jurisdiction automatically. Missing: actual domicile, current area notices, evidence supporting the alternative and applicable procedural authority."],["2 — Domestic nexus disputed","A debtor moved away; it is unclear whether ordinary residence or business continued in the preceding twelve months.","The filing-date and look-back alternatives must be tested separately. A failed present-residence argument does not necessarily defeat a proven business look-back. C002–C007.","A mailing address, company connection or occasional visit may not prove the relevant legal fact. Missing: dates, activities and actual property rights."],["3 — Historical foreign connection, no designation proof","Debtor lived abroad years earlier; a party asserts that the foreign State is “not designated.”","The foreign proviso requires the relevant domicile, not any historical connection, plus reliable designation-status evidence. C013, C016–C019.","No notice was produced; absence from a search is not proof of non-designation. No foreign-forum conclusion follows."],["4 — Domestic connection plus foreign domicile","A debtor owns qualifying property in Area A when filing and is assumed domiciled in State F.","Domestic nexus and possible foreign-forum discretion are separate. If non-designation and equitable/convenient treatment are properly established, the court may refuse or postpone. C002, C013–C019.","If State F’s status is unknown, the foreign proviso is not factually established. If designated, other law may matter; no recognition result is supplied."],["5 — Different court asked to change order","Court A made an Insolvency Act order; an applicant asks Court B to vary it solely under §149(2).","“Made by it” does not itself establish Court B’s power. C021–C024.","Court identity, lawful transfer, appeal or review may provide a different route, but none is assumed. This is not a requirement to return to the same individual judge."],["6 — Master office known, court nexus unknown","Applicant has identified a Master’s office and an online publication channel, but no court-area connection is proved.","Administrative readiness does not supply §149 jurisdiction. The Master-report and publication issues remain distinct from court competence. C010–C011, C025–C026.","Missing: current court area, debtor nexus and relevant court process. No filing-ready conclusion follows."]]},{"headers":["P19 row","Supplied original position","P21 replacement/status"],"index":3,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["P19 row","Supplied original position","P21 replacement/status"],["C_ZA-P19-J01 — Current official §149 core","Partial — C001–C002; operative official consolidated body required","Partial, materially strengthened. Final primary judgments quote and apply §149(1), including a 2025 application. Complete current official statutory body remains missing. P21 C001–C008."],["C_ZA-P19-J05 — Foreign alternative forum","Partial — C003,C036; designation and foreign nexus needed","Still partial. Enacted proviso and original Gazette-designation mechanism read. Actual State designation status, amended procedure and complete commencement chain remain unconfirmed. P21 C013–C020."],["C_ZA-P19-J07 — §149(2) variation/rescission","Partial — C006; current primary text/procedure needed","Primary quotation now obtained; currentness/application still partial. Smith para6 quotes exact text; “made by it,” discretion and no automatic outcome are preserved. P21 C021–C024."],["C_ZA-P19-D01 — Complete current Insolvency Act","§149 and court-definition primary chain incomplete","Hold narrowed, not closed. Modern High Court terminology/area bridge verified in official Superior Courts Act; exact current Insolvency Act definition and complete §149 chain still missing."],["C_ZA-P19-D13 — Foreign law/designations/recognition","Only §149 proviso boundary; A098 held","Hold retained with added designation-source detail. Original §2 mechanism read; actual designations and material amended approval/withdrawal body remain unresolved. No recognition dossier or A098 acceptance."]]},{"headers":["P19 claim","Exact replacement or retained qualification"],"index":4,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["P19 claim","Exact replacement or retained qualification"],["C_ZA-P19-C001 — replace","P19 recovered §149’s core only through a secondary reproduction. P21 adds fresh final judicial quotations and applications in Chapman and Mel Properties. No complete current official Insolvency Act consolidation is claimed."],["C_ZA-P19-C002 — replace","Section 149(1), as quoted in those judgments, distinguishes filing-date domicile/ownership/entitlement from ordinary residence or business at any time within the immediately preceding twelve months. These are alternative connections; actual nexus and current court-area evidence remain required."],["C_ZA-P19-C003 — retain and augment","Act42/2001 §2 supplies the enacted domestic/foreign refusal-or-postponement proviso. P21 separately reads the original Cross-Border designation mechanism but does not establish current designation status or a complete amended procedure."],["C_ZA-P19-C006 — replace","Section149(2) is freshly quoted in the final Smith judgment: the court may rescind or vary an order made by it under the Act. This is a discretionary own-order power, not automatic relief or an established power in a different court."],["C_ZA-P19-C036 — replace","Foreign designation status, the full material commencement/amendment chain and recognition consequences remain unresolved. P21 identifies Act55/2003 §30 as a material unread amendment and does not turn an unsuccessful designation search into a finding that none exist."]]},{"headers":["ID","Issuer/title and full literal HTTPS URL","Actual reading and locator","Status and limitation"],"index":5,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["ID","Issuer/title and full literal HTTPS URL","Actual reading and locator","Status and limitation"],["C_ZA-P21-S001","Western Cape High Court, Mel Properties 100 (Pty) Ltd v van der Walt and Another [2025] ZAWCHC366, 19 Aug2025. https://semantis.ai/resources/53880.pdf","Paras12–40; §149 quote zero P4–P5; holding para40 zero P12; provisional order para60 zero P18–P19. Images inspected. Printed page labels not shown.","Fresh final judicial opinion on non-official mirror. Mangcu-Lockwood J, single judge. Jurisdiction established through business look-back; provisional order granted. No final designation holding or full citator."],["S002","Gauteng High Court, Chapman Fund Managers (Pty) Ltd and Another v Phala, 11 Nov2016. https://semantis.ai/resources/32205.pdf","Paras11–12, zero P4–P5 / printed pp5–6; rule-nisi order continuation zero P17/printed18. Images read.","Fresh final judicial opinion on mirror. Avvakoumides AJ, single judge. Jurisdiction applied; provisional order/rule nisi. No all-local practice finding."],["S003","KwaZulu-Natal High Court, Smith v National Urban Reconstruction and Housing Agency and Others, 22 May2013. https://semantis.ai/resources/35289.pdf","Para6, zero P2/printed3; paras24–25 outcome, zero P10/printed11; date P11/printed12. Target P2 image failed; parsed text read.","Fresh final opinion, Lopes J. Exact §149(2) quoted; application dismissed. Other successfully viewed pages do not make the failed target a pixel read."],["S004","SCA, Courtney v Boshoff NO and Others [2024] ZASCA104, 21 June2024. https://www.supremecourtofappeal.org.za/index.php/component/jdownloads/send/94-judgements-2024/4280-eamonn-courtney-v-izak-johannes-boshoff-no-others-483-2023-2024-zasca-104-21-june-2024?Itemid=0","Paras18,23–25,28,30–31; zero P12/printed13 and P14/printed15 images; order P1/printed2.","Fresh official final unanimous judgment, Nicholls JA, four concurrences. Principal appeal dismissed; specified contingent lower orders set aside. Narrow non-nullity boundary only."],["S005","Parliament/Presidency, Judicial Matters Amendment Act42/2001, GG22912, GoN1313, 7 Dec2001. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a42-010.pdf","§2 zero P2/GG4; §§47–48 zero P12/GG24, images read.","Fresh enacted body. Later text reopen failed, without undoing successful body/image reads. Complete general/later commencement chain not certified."],["S006","Justice, Superior Courts Act10/2013, amended compilation. https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/2013-010.pdf","§1 zero P1; §2(3) P2; §6(3) P3; §§50–53 P15. Images read. Printed labels unverified.","Fresh official-hosted legislative compilation, May2025 marker. Header commencement23 Aug2013 attributed; underlying proclamation not freshly read. Actual area notices not examined."],["S007","Parliament/Presidency, original Cross-Border Insolvency Act42/2000. https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/attachments/03534_crossboronsact42.pdf","§1(i) zero P3/printed6; §§2(2)–(4),4,7 P4/printed8; §§33–34 P11/printed22. Images read.","Fresh primary enactment reproduction on non-official host. Original, not amended current text."],["S008","Justice, Judicial Matters Second Amendment Act55/2003, GG26206, GoN428, 31 Mar2004. https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/2003-055.pdf","Initial document/header obtained; relevant §30 body not verified after subsequent retrieval/image failures.","Partial source access. Amendment identity located; exact current amended designation terms not adopted."],["S009","SCA, Mayo NO v De Montlehu [2015] ZASCA127, 23 Sept2015. https://www.supremecourtofappeal.org.za/index.php/component/jdownloads/send/25-judgments-2015/3019-mayo-no-v-de-montlehu-20504-14-2015-zasca-127-23-september-2015?Itemid=0","Para6, zero P3/printed4.","Precisely attributed P19 reuse, accessed there27 Oct2026 and selected by coordinator. Not freshly reopened P21. Only statutory review-route distinction used."],["S010","gov.za, original Cross-Border Act PDF. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a42-000.pdf","Timeout; no body.","Failed official route. Successful primary reproduction is S007."],["S011","Justice, Cross-Border Act compilation. https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/2000-042.pdf","Direct fetch failed. Search metadata identifies §2 amendment by Act55/2003 §30.","Failed body/discovery-only amendment locator. No current amended section inferred."],["S012","gov.za, Cross-Border Insolvency Act legislative record. https://www.gov.za/documents/cross-border-insolvency-act","Search metadata gives28 Nov2003/GG25768; direct page fetch failed.","Metadata only. Underlying commencement proclamation not read."],["S013","gov.za, Act55/2003 PDF candidate. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a55-03.pdf","Failed fetch; no body.","Different official alternate. Does not close §30 gap."],["S014","gov.za, Judicial Matters Second Amendment Act metadata. https://www.gov.za/documents/judicial-matters-second-amendment-act","Search metadata identifies commencement arrangements; direct body failed.","Discovery only. No exact operative amendment date certified from it."],["S015","Justice, Constitution PDF. https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/SAConstitution-web-eng.pdf","Failed body.","Unresolved general commencement-law candidate. No default rule derived."],["S016","Justice, Constitution Chapter4 HTML. https://www.justice.gov.za/constitution/chp04.html","Failed alternate.","No §81 body read. General commencement proof remains limited."],["S017","SAFLII, official-law-repository route to Mel Properties. https://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAWCHC/2025/366.html","HTTP403; no body.","Failed repository route. Final opinion read on S001 mirror."],["S018","SAFLII, route to Chapman. https://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAGPPHC/2016/1016.html","HTTP403; no body.","Failed repository route. Final opinion read on S002 mirror."],["S019","gov.za, Act42/2001 legislative metadata. https://www.gov.za/documents/judicial-matters-amendment-act-1","Fresh search metadata only; P19 failed page route not retried.","Discovery-only overlay. Publication/metadata dates do not replace a complete commencement chain."]]},{"headers":["Claim","Exact proposition, actor and effect","Evidence/pinpoint","Continuing limit"],"index":6,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Claim","Exact proposition, actor and effect","Evidence/pinpoint","Continuing limit"],["C_ZA-P21-C001","Primary final judgments now quote/apply §149(1); evidence is no longer solely a read-aid.","S001 paras12,40; S002 paras11–12","Not complete current consolidation"],["C002","Filing-date nexus is domicile, ownership or entitlement to property within court area.","S001 P5; S002 P4","Actual legal facts required"],["C003","Look-back nexus is ordinary residence or business at some time in preceding twelve months.","Same","Not a required twelve-month duration"],["C004","The connections are alternatives and use registrar lodgment as temporal anchor.","§149(1) quoted in S001/S002","Exact filing and facts unknown"],["C005","Chapman applied the residence/business connection and issued provisional relief.","S002 paras11–12/order","Single-judge dated holding"],["C006","Mel Properties applied §149(1)(b) in2025 and granted provisional sequestration.","S001 para40,60","Not foreign-designation decision"],["C007","A company relationship or address alone does not prove the debtor’s personal property/business nexus.","S001 paras24–40","Actual rights/activities required"],["C008","Exact current Insolvency Act Court definition remains unconfirmed.","Source gap","Modern bridge does not erase gap"],["C009","Superior Courts §53 converts older court references contextually.","S006 §53, P15","Exact court/seat still needed"],["C010","Gazette-defined Divisional areas can cross provincial boundaries.","S006 §6(3), P3","Actual notices not read"],["C011","Specific superior-court legislation can prevail under §2(3).","S006 P2","Insolvency nexus still applies"],["C012","Domestic proviso permits refusal/postponement where another domestic court is equitable/convenient.","S005 §2","Jurisdiction first; no automatic transfer"],["C013","Foreign proviso requires foreign domicile, non-designation and equitable/convenient foreign treatment.","S005 §2","Actual status/facts unknown"],["C014","Act42/2001 §47 repealed original Cross-Border §33.","S005 P12; S007 P11","Do not use original amendment alone"],["C015","Complete general/material commencement chain remains open.","S005 §48; failed sources","Later judicial use is not exhaustive chain"],["C016","Original designation mechanism requires Ministerial Gazette notice and statutory satisfaction.","S007 §§1(i),2(2), P3–P4","Current amended procedure held"],["C017","Material Act55/2003 §30 amendment was identified but not fully read.","S008,S011,S013","Approval/withdrawal current text unresolved"],["C018","Commencement of Cross-Border Act is separate from State designation.","S007 §34; S012 metadata","Proclamation body not read"],["C019","No current State designation or exhaustive no-designation finding was established.","Search audit","Unknown is not non-designated"],["C020","Missing designation does not decide every other-law assistance route.","S007 §7","Full recognition law deferred"],["C021","§149(2) permits court to rescind/vary its own Act orders.","S003 para6, P2/printed3","Power, not automatic relief"],["C022","Smith rejected relief on its facts; applicant argument was not holding.","S003 paras5–6,24–25","No full current rescission test supplied"],["C023","“Made by it” does not itself authorise another court; same individual judge is not inferred.","§149(2) text/inference","Court identity and separate routes held"],["C024","Courtney rejects automatic-nullity conclusion for its particular irregularity.","S004 paras23–25,30–31","Not universal cure/validity rule"],["C025","Master office, publication or readiness does not supply §149 nexus.","C002–C011 distinction","P19 procedure unchanged"],["C026","§151 review of Master/presiding officer differs from §149 jurisdiction/own-order power.","S009 P19 reuse, para6","Full review merits/procedure held"],["C027","Fictional models separate nexus, discretion and missing facts.","C002–C026","No live court selection"],["C028","No complete later statutory or case citator was performed.","Source/read audit","Currentness limits retained"],["C029","Only identified P19 rows/claims receive this overlay; P20 not adopted.","Crosswalk","Original raw provenance preserved"],["C030","No actual record, contact, filing or publication occurred; broader acceptance remains held.","Research-method record","No operational approval"]]},{"headers":["Row","Question","Status / claims","Exact remaining evidence"],"index":7,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Row","Question","Status / claims","Exact remaining evidence"],["J01","Primary §149(1) core","Partial, strengthened — C001","Complete current official statutory body"],["J02","Registrar-lodgment date","Answered in quoted text — C004","Actual lodgment evidence"],["J03","Domicile at filing","Conditional — C002","Actual domicile facts/law"],["J04","Ownership/entitlement","Conditional — C002,C007","Debtor’s legal property right"],["J05","Ordinary residence look-back","Conditional — C003","Actual dates and ordinary residence"],["J06","Business look-back","Conditional — C003,C006","Actual activity and dates"],["J07","Alternative rather than cumulative tests","Answered — C004","No automatic factual conclusion"],["J08","Exact Insolvency Act Court definition","Unresolved — C008","Current official definition"],["J09","Modern court-reference bridge","Answered at statutory level — C009","Contextual application"],["J10","Division/seat/area notices","Partial — C010","Current applicable notices"],["J11","Specific-law interaction","Answered boundary — C011","Actual conflict, if any"],["J12","Local application","Unresolved — C008–C011","Actual court and private nexus"]]},{"headers":["Row","Question","Status / claims","Exact remaining evidence"],"index":8,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Row","Question","Status / claims","Exact remaining evidence"],["F01","Act42/2001 proviso","Fresh primary body — C012–C014","Complete later chain"],["F02","Domestic alternative court","Conditional — C012","Equitable/convenient facts"],["F03","Foreign domicile","Conditional — C013","Actual domicile"],["F04","Non-designated-State condition","Conditional — C013,C019","Gazette status at relevant time"],["F05","Refuse/postpone versus transfer","Boundary answered — C012–C013","Separate transfer authority"],["F06","Original Cross-Border §33","Historical only — C014","Do not treat as unrepealed current rule"],["F07","2001 repeal of §33","Answered as enacted text — C014","Commencement reconciliation"],["F08","Act42/2001 commencement","Partial — C015","General and later operative chain"],["F09","Gazette designation mechanism","Original primary rule read — C016","Current amended text"],["F10","Approval/withdrawal amendment","Unresolved — C017","Act55/2003 §30 and commencement"],["F11","Cross-Border Act commencement","Metadata-supported, primary gap — C018","Proclamation body"],["F12","Actual current designation status","Unresolved — C019–C020","Official notices/withdrawals/current inventory"]]},{"headers":["Row","Question","Status / claims","Exact remaining evidence"],"index":9,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Row","Question","Status / claims","Exact remaining evidence"],["R01","Exact §149(2) text","Primary judicial quotation obtained — C021","Current official consolidation"],["R02","Own court versus different court","Boundary answered — C023","Court identity/other jurisdiction"],["R03","Discretion versus entitlement","Answered narrowly — C021–C022","Actual grounds and procedure"],["R04","Automatic-nullity/cure claim","Rejected as universal inference — C024","Actual defect and remedy"],["R05","§151 distinction","Retained dated primary reuse — C026","Actual decision/standing/notice"],["R06","Master office/publication","Not jurisdictional substitute — C025","Independent §149 proof"]]},{"headers":["Row","Workflow","Status / claims","Missing fact"],"index":10,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Row","Workflow","Status / claims","Missing fact"],["W01","Domestic nexus/other domestic court","Conditional — C002,C012","Nexus and convenience evidence"],["W02","Disputed domestic nexus","Unresolved factual application — C002–C007","Dates, activities, rights"],["W03","Historical foreign connection","Insufficient as assumed — C013,C019","Domicile and designation"],["W04","Domestic plus foreign forum","Conditional — C012–C020","Verified foreign branch predicates"],["W05","Different court altering order","Not established by §149(2) alone — C021–C024","Correct court and separate route"],["W06","Master office known","Insufficient jurisdiction proof — C025","Current court area and debtor nexus"]]},{"headers":["Row","Matter","Status / claims","Next action"],"index":11,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Row","Matter","Status / claims","Next action"],["M01","Symbolic nexus model","Conditional only — C027","Actual evidence"],["M02","Symbolic discretion model","Conditional only — C027","Designation and judicial assessment"],["M03","Five P19 coverage replacements","Completed overlay — C029","Same-coordinator review"],["M04","Five P19 claim replacements","Completed overlay — C029","Preserve originals/history"],["M05","Full currentness/citator","Unresolved — C028","Focused remaining primary retrieval"],["M06","No actual action/acceptance","Confirmed boundary — C030","None performed"]]},{"headers":["Row","Family","Exact retained hold"],"index":12,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Row","Family","Exact retained hold"],["D01","Complete current Insolvency Act","Exact current Court definition and whole §149 chain incomplete"],["D02","Material amendment commencement","Act42/2001 general chain and Act55/2003 §30 commencement not fully verified"],["D03","Current foreign designations","No exhaustive positive or negative State-status finding"],["D04","Full foreign insolvency recognition","No Model Law/common-law recognition dossier"],["D05","Full rescission/Rule31/Rule42","Own-order boundary only"],["D06","Full §151 review","No merits, standing or timing determination for an actual decision"],["D07","Division transfer/appeal","Proviso is not treated as a complete transfer mechanism"],["D08","Master report/publication/readiness","P19’s existing findings and holds unchanged"],["D09","Surrender/sequestration merits","No financial, creditor-advantage, asset or order entitlement rerun"],["D10","Actual private jurisdiction facts","No domicile, property, company, estate or docket investigated"],["D11","P20 and other unreviewed reports","Not adopted as premises"],["D12","Parent/country/A066/A097/A098 acceptance","Held; no operational or publication approval"]]},{"headers":["Province","Status","Next local evidence needed"],"index":13,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Province","Status","Next local evidence needed"],["Eastern Cape","Unexamined locally","Current Division/seat area notice and applicable jurisdiction/procedural direction"],["Free State","Unexamined locally","Current area, seat and local filing facts"],["Gauteng","Not certified locally","Chapman is a dated primary holding, not a current all-seat practice audit"],["KwaZulu-Natal","Not certified locally","Smith supplies a narrow dated quotation, not current rescission/local procedure"],["Limpopo","Unexamined locally","Current area/seat notices and actual nexus"],["Mpumalanga","Unexamined locally","Current area/seat notices and actual nexus"],["Northern Cape","Unexamined locally","Current area/seat notices and actual nexus"],["North West","Unexamined locally","Current area/seat notices and actual nexus"],["Western Cape","Not certified locally","Mel Properties is a particular 2025 jurisdiction application, not all-local verification"]]},{"headers":["Deliverable","Actual displayed count"],"index":14,"links":[],"row_links":[[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"rows":[["Deliverable","Actual displayed count"],["P21 source-register rows","19"],["New atomic claims","30"],["Core coverage rows","42"],["Separate deferred/hold rows","12"],["Provincial/local rows","9"],["Total coverage/hold rows","63"],["Fictional workflows","6"],["Symbolic gateway models","2"],["P19 coverage-row replacements","5"],["P19 claim-cell replacements","5"],["Authority/status comparison rows","9"],["Actual court selections, filings or legal outcomes","0"]]}],"claims":[{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C001","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C_ZA-P21-C001","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"Primary final judgments now quote/apply §149(1); evidence is no longer solely a read-aid.","Evidence/pinpoint":"S001 paras12,40; S002 paras11–12","Continuing limit":"Not complete current consolidation"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C002","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C002","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"Filing-date nexus is domicile, ownership or entitlement to property within court area.","Evidence/pinpoint":"S001 P5; S002 P4","Continuing limit":"Actual legal facts required"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C003","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C003","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"Look-back nexus is ordinary residence or business at some time in preceding twelve months.","Evidence/pinpoint":"Same","Continuing limit":"Not a required twelve-month duration"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C004","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C004","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"The connections are alternatives and use registrar lodgment as temporal anchor.","Evidence/pinpoint":"§149(1) quoted in S001/S002","Continuing limit":"Exact filing and facts unknown"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C005","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C005","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"Chapman applied the residence/business connection and issued provisional relief.","Evidence/pinpoint":"S002 paras11–12/order","Continuing limit":"Single-judge dated holding"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C006","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C006","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"Mel Properties applied §149(1)(b) in2025 and granted provisional sequestration.","Evidence/pinpoint":"S001 para40,60","Continuing limit":"Not foreign-designation decision"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C007","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C007","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"A company relationship or address alone does not prove the debtor’s personal property/business nexus.","Evidence/pinpoint":"S001 paras24–40","Continuing limit":"Actual rights/activities required"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C008","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C008","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"Exact current Insolvency Act Court definition remains unconfirmed.","Evidence/pinpoint":"Source gap","Continuing limit":"Modern bridge does not erase gap"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C009","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C009","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"Superior Courts §53 converts older court references contextually.","Evidence/pinpoint":"S006 §53, P15","Continuing limit":"Exact court/seat still needed"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C010","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C010","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"Gazette-defined Divisional areas can cross provincial boundaries.","Evidence/pinpoint":"S006 §6(3), P3","Continuing limit":"Actual notices not read"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C011","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C011","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"Specific superior-court legislation can prevail under §2(3).","Evidence/pinpoint":"S006 P2","Continuing limit":"Insolvency nexus still applies"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C012","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C012","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"Domestic proviso permits refusal/postponement where another domestic court is equitable/convenient.","Evidence/pinpoint":"S005 §2","Continuing limit":"Jurisdiction first; no automatic transfer"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C013","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C013","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"Foreign proviso requires foreign domicile, non-designation and equitable/convenient foreign treatment.","Evidence/pinpoint":"S005 §2","Continuing limit":"Actual status/facts unknown"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C014","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C014","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"Act42/2001 §47 repealed original Cross-Border §33.","Evidence/pinpoint":"S005 P12; S007 P11","Continuing limit":"Do not use original amendment alone"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C015","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C015","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"Complete general/material commencement chain remains open.","Evidence/pinpoint":"S005 §48; failed sources","Continuing limit":"Later judicial use is not exhaustive chain"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C016","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C016","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"Original designation mechanism requires Ministerial Gazette notice and statutory satisfaction.","Evidence/pinpoint":"S007 §§1(i),2(2), P3–P4","Continuing limit":"Current amended procedure held"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C017","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C017","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"Material Act55/2003 §30 amendment was identified but not fully read.","Evidence/pinpoint":"S008,S011,S013","Continuing limit":"Approval/withdrawal current text unresolved"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C018","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C018","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"Commencement of Cross-Border Act is separate from State designation.","Evidence/pinpoint":"S007 §34; S012 metadata","Continuing limit":"Proclamation body not read"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C019","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C019","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"No current State designation or exhaustive no-designation finding was established.","Evidence/pinpoint":"Search audit","Continuing limit":"Unknown is not non-designated"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C020","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C020","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"Missing designation does not decide every other-law assistance route.","Evidence/pinpoint":"S007 §7","Continuing limit":"Full recognition law deferred"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C021","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C021","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"§149(2) permits court to rescind/vary its own Act orders.","Evidence/pinpoint":"S003 para6, P2/printed3","Continuing limit":"Power, not automatic relief"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C022","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C022","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"Smith rejected relief on its facts; applicant argument was not holding.","Evidence/pinpoint":"S003 paras5–6,24–25","Continuing limit":"No full current rescission test supplied"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C023","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C023","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"“Made by it” does not itself authorise another court; same individual judge is not inferred.","Evidence/pinpoint":"§149(2) text/inference","Continuing limit":"Court identity and separate routes held"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C024","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C024","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"Courtney rejects automatic-nullity conclusion for its particular irregularity.","Evidence/pinpoint":"S004 paras23–25,30–31","Continuing limit":"Not universal cure/validity rule"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C025","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C025","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"Master office, publication or readiness does not supply §149 nexus.","Evidence/pinpoint":"C002–C011 distinction","Continuing limit":"P19 procedure unchanged"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C026","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C026","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"§151 review of Master/presiding officer differs from §149 jurisdiction/own-order power.","Evidence/pinpoint":"S009 P19 reuse, para6","Continuing limit":"Full review merits/procedure held"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C027","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C027","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"Fictional models separate nexus, discretion and missing facts.","Evidence/pinpoint":"C002–C026","Continuing limit":"No live court selection"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C028","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C028","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"No complete later statutory or case citator was performed.","Evidence/pinpoint":"Source/read audit","Continuing limit":"Currentness limits retained"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C029","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C029","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"Only identified P19 rows/claims receive this overlay; P20 not adopted.","Evidence/pinpoint":"Crosswalk","Continuing limit":"Original raw provenance preserved"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"claim_id":"C_ZA-P21-C030","area_numbers":[97,98],"area_assignment_method":"literal_pass_scope","researcher_record":{"Claim":"C030","Exact proposition, actor and effect":"No actual record, contact, filing or publication occurred; broader acceptance remains held.","Evidence/pinpoint":"Research-method record","Continuing limit":"No operational approval"},"raw_table_index":6,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"}],"sources":[{"source_id":"C_ZA-P21-S001","urls":["https://semantis.ai/resources/53880.pdf"],"researcher_record":{"ID":"C_ZA-P21-S001","Issuer/title and full literal HTTPS URL":"Western Cape High Court, Mel Properties 100 (Pty) Ltd v van der Walt and Another [2025] ZAWCHC366, 19 Aug2025. https://semantis.ai/resources/53880.pdf","Actual reading and locator":"Paras12–40; §149 quote zero P4–P5; holding para40 zero P12; provisional order para60 zero P18–P19. Images inspected. Printed page labels not shown.","Status and limitation":"Fresh final judicial opinion on non-official mirror. Mangcu-Lockwood J, single judge. Jurisdiction established through business look-back; provisional order granted. No final designation holding or full citator."},"raw_table_index":5,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"source_id":"C_ZA-P21-S002","urls":["https://semantis.ai/resources/32205.pdf"],"researcher_record":{"ID":"S002","Issuer/title and full literal HTTPS URL":"Gauteng High Court, Chapman Fund Managers (Pty) Ltd and Another v Phala, 11 Nov2016. https://semantis.ai/resources/32205.pdf","Actual reading and locator":"Paras11–12, zero P4–P5 / printed pp5–6; rule-nisi order continuation zero P17/printed18. Images read.","Status and limitation":"Fresh final judicial opinion on mirror. Avvakoumides AJ, single judge. Jurisdiction applied; provisional order/rule nisi. No all-local practice finding."},"raw_table_index":5,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"source_id":"C_ZA-P21-S003","urls":["https://semantis.ai/resources/35289.pdf"],"researcher_record":{"ID":"S003","Issuer/title and full literal HTTPS URL":"KwaZulu-Natal High Court, Smith v National Urban Reconstruction and Housing Agency and Others, 22 May2013. https://semantis.ai/resources/35289.pdf","Actual reading and locator":"Para6, zero P2/printed3; paras24–25 outcome, zero P10/printed11; date P11/printed12. Target P2 image failed; parsed text read.","Status and limitation":"Fresh final opinion, Lopes J. Exact §149(2) quoted; application dismissed. Other successfully viewed pages do not make the failed target a pixel read."},"raw_table_index":5,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"source_id":"C_ZA-P21-S004","urls":["https://www.supremecourtofappeal.org.za/index.php/component/jdownloads/send/94-judgements-2024/4280-eamonn-courtney-v-izak-johannes-boshoff-no-others-483-2023-2024-zasca-104-21-june-2024?Itemid=0"],"researcher_record":{"ID":"S004","Issuer/title and full literal HTTPS URL":"SCA, Courtney v Boshoff NO and Others [2024] ZASCA104, 21 June2024. https://www.supremecourtofappeal.org.za/index.php/component/jdownloads/send/94-judgements-2024/4280-eamonn-courtney-v-izak-johannes-boshoff-no-others-483-2023-2024-zasca-104-21-june-2024?Itemid=0","Actual reading and locator":"Paras18,23–25,28,30–31; zero P12/printed13 and P14/printed15 images; order P1/printed2.","Status and limitation":"Fresh official final unanimous judgment, Nicholls JA, four concurrences. Principal appeal dismissed; specified contingent lower orders set aside. Narrow non-nullity boundary only."},"raw_table_index":5,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"source_id":"C_ZA-P21-S005","urls":["https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a42-010.pdf"],"researcher_record":{"ID":"S005","Issuer/title and full literal HTTPS URL":"Parliament/Presidency, Judicial Matters Amendment Act42/2001, GG22912, GoN1313, 7 Dec2001. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a42-010.pdf","Actual reading and locator":"§2 zero P2/GG4; §§47–48 zero P12/GG24, images read.","Status and limitation":"Fresh enacted body. Later text reopen failed, without undoing successful body/image reads. Complete general/later commencement chain not certified."},"raw_table_index":5,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"source_id":"C_ZA-P21-S006","urls":["https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/2013-010.pdf"],"researcher_record":{"ID":"S006","Issuer/title and full literal HTTPS URL":"Justice, Superior Courts Act10/2013, amended compilation. https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/2013-010.pdf","Actual reading and locator":"§1 zero P1; §2(3) P2; §6(3) P3; §§50–53 P15. Images read. Printed labels unverified.","Status and limitation":"Fresh official-hosted legislative compilation, May2025 marker. Header commencement23 Aug2013 attributed; underlying proclamation not freshly read. Actual area notices not examined."},"raw_table_index":5,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"source_id":"C_ZA-P21-S007","urls":["https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/attachments/03534_crossboronsact42.pdf"],"researcher_record":{"ID":"S007","Issuer/title and full literal HTTPS URL":"Parliament/Presidency, original Cross-Border Insolvency Act42/2000. https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/attachments/03534_crossboronsact42.pdf","Actual reading and locator":"§1(i) zero P3/printed6; §§2(2)–(4),4,7 P4/printed8; §§33–34 P11/printed22. Images read.","Status and limitation":"Fresh primary enactment reproduction on non-official host. Original, not amended current text."},"raw_table_index":5,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"source_id":"C_ZA-P21-S008","urls":["https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/2003-055.pdf"],"researcher_record":{"ID":"S008","Issuer/title and full literal HTTPS URL":"Justice, Judicial Matters Second Amendment Act55/2003, GG26206, GoN428, 31 Mar2004. https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/2003-055.pdf","Actual reading and locator":"Initial document/header obtained; relevant §30 body not verified after subsequent retrieval/image failures.","Status and limitation":"Partial source access. Amendment identity located; exact current amended designation terms not adopted."},"raw_table_index":5,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"source_id":"C_ZA-P21-S009","urls":["https://www.supremecourtofappeal.org.za/index.php/component/jdownloads/send/25-judgments-2015/3019-mayo-no-v-de-montlehu-20504-14-2015-zasca-127-23-september-2015?Itemid=0"],"researcher_record":{"ID":"S009","Issuer/title and full literal HTTPS URL":"SCA, Mayo NO v De Montlehu [2015] ZASCA127, 23 Sept2015. https://www.supremecourtofappeal.org.za/index.php/component/jdownloads/send/25-judgments-2015/3019-mayo-no-v-de-montlehu-20504-14-2015-zasca-127-23-september-2015?Itemid=0","Actual reading and locator":"Para6, zero P3/printed4.","Status and limitation":"Precisely attributed P19 reuse, accessed there27 Oct2026 and selected by coordinator. Not freshly reopened P21. Only statutory review-route distinction used."},"raw_table_index":5,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"source_id":"C_ZA-P21-S010","urls":["https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a42-000.pdf"],"researcher_record":{"ID":"S010","Issuer/title and full literal HTTPS URL":"gov.za, original Cross-Border Act PDF. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a42-000.pdf","Actual reading and locator":"Timeout; no body.","Status and limitation":"Failed official route. Successful primary reproduction is S007."},"raw_table_index":5,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"source_id":"C_ZA-P21-S011","urls":["https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/2000-042.pdf"],"researcher_record":{"ID":"S011","Issuer/title and full literal HTTPS URL":"Justice, Cross-Border Act compilation. https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/2000-042.pdf","Actual reading and locator":"Direct fetch failed. Search metadata identifies §2 amendment by Act55/2003 §30.","Status and limitation":"Failed body/discovery-only amendment locator. No current amended section inferred."},"raw_table_index":5,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"source_id":"C_ZA-P21-S012","urls":["https://www.gov.za/documents/cross-border-insolvency-act"],"researcher_record":{"ID":"S012","Issuer/title and full literal HTTPS URL":"gov.za, Cross-Border Insolvency Act legislative record. https://www.gov.za/documents/cross-border-insolvency-act","Actual reading and locator":"Search metadata gives28 Nov2003/GG25768; direct page fetch failed.","Status and limitation":"Metadata only. Underlying commencement proclamation not read."},"raw_table_index":5,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"source_id":"C_ZA-P21-S013","urls":["https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a55-03.pdf"],"researcher_record":{"ID":"S013","Issuer/title and full literal HTTPS URL":"gov.za, Act55/2003 PDF candidate. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a55-03.pdf","Actual reading and locator":"Failed fetch; no body.","Status and limitation":"Different official alternate. Does not close §30 gap."},"raw_table_index":5,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"source_id":"C_ZA-P21-S014","urls":["https://www.gov.za/documents/judicial-matters-second-amendment-act"],"researcher_record":{"ID":"S014","Issuer/title and full literal HTTPS URL":"gov.za, Judicial Matters Second Amendment Act metadata. https://www.gov.za/documents/judicial-matters-second-amendment-act","Actual reading and locator":"Search metadata identifies commencement arrangements; direct body failed.","Status and limitation":"Discovery only. No exact operative amendment date certified from it."},"raw_table_index":5,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"source_id":"C_ZA-P21-S015","urls":["https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/SAConstitution-web-eng.pdf"],"researcher_record":{"ID":"S015","Issuer/title and full literal HTTPS URL":"Justice, Constitution PDF. https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/SAConstitution-web-eng.pdf","Actual reading and locator":"Failed body.","Status and limitation":"Unresolved general commencement-law candidate. No default rule derived."},"raw_table_index":5,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"source_id":"C_ZA-P21-S016","urls":["https://www.justice.gov.za/constitution/chp04.html"],"researcher_record":{"ID":"S016","Issuer/title and full literal HTTPS URL":"Justice, Constitution Chapter4 HTML. https://www.justice.gov.za/constitution/chp04.html","Actual reading and locator":"Failed alternate.","Status and limitation":"No §81 body read. General commencement proof remains limited."},"raw_table_index":5,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"source_id":"C_ZA-P21-S017","urls":["https://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAWCHC/2025/366.html"],"researcher_record":{"ID":"S017","Issuer/title and full literal HTTPS URL":"SAFLII, official-law-repository route to Mel Properties. https://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAWCHC/2025/366.html","Actual reading and locator":"HTTP403; no body.","Status and limitation":"Failed repository route. Final opinion read on S001 mirror."},"raw_table_index":5,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"source_id":"C_ZA-P21-S018","urls":["https://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAGPPHC/2016/1016.html"],"researcher_record":{"ID":"S018","Issuer/title and full literal HTTPS URL":"SAFLII, route to Chapman. https://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAGPPHC/2016/1016.html","Actual reading and locator":"HTTP403; no body.","Status and limitation":"Failed repository route. Final opinion read on S002 mirror."},"raw_table_index":5,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"},{"source_id":"C_ZA-P21-S019","urls":["https://www.gov.za/documents/judicial-matters-amendment-act-1"],"researcher_record":{"ID":"S019","Issuer/title and full literal HTTPS URL":"gov.za, Act42/2001 legislative metadata. https://www.gov.za/documents/judicial-matters-amendment-act-1","Actual reading and locator":"Fresh search metadata only; P19 failed page route not retried.","Status and limitation":"Discovery-only overlay. Publication/metadata dates do not replace a complete commencement chain."},"raw_table_index":5,"coordinator_verification_status":"not_yet_checked"}],"coverage":[{"topic":"J01 Primary §149(1) core","researcher_record":{"Row":"J01","Question":"Primary §149(1) core","Status / claims":"Partial, strengthened — C001","Exact remaining evidence":"Complete current official statutory body"},"raw_table_index":7,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"J02 Registrar-lodgment date","researcher_record":{"Row":"J02","Question":"Registrar-lodgment date","Status / claims":"Answered in quoted text — C004","Exact remaining evidence":"Actual lodgment evidence"},"raw_table_index":7,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"J03 Domicile at filing","researcher_record":{"Row":"J03","Question":"Domicile at filing","Status / claims":"Conditional — C002","Exact remaining evidence":"Actual domicile facts/law"},"raw_table_index":7,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"J04 Ownership/entitlement","researcher_record":{"Row":"J04","Question":"Ownership/entitlement","Status / claims":"Conditional — C002,C007","Exact remaining evidence":"Debtor’s legal property right"},"raw_table_index":7,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"J05 Ordinary residence look-back","researcher_record":{"Row":"J05","Question":"Ordinary residence look-back","Status / claims":"Conditional — C003","Exact remaining evidence":"Actual dates and ordinary residence"},"raw_table_index":7,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"J06 Business look-back","researcher_record":{"Row":"J06","Question":"Business look-back","Status / claims":"Conditional — C003,C006","Exact remaining evidence":"Actual activity and dates"},"raw_table_index":7,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"J07 Alternative rather than cumulative tests","researcher_record":{"Row":"J07","Question":"Alternative rather than cumulative tests","Status / claims":"Answered — C004","Exact remaining evidence":"No automatic factual conclusion"},"raw_table_index":7,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"J08 Exact Insolvency Act Court definition","researcher_record":{"Row":"J08","Question":"Exact Insolvency Act Court definition","Status / claims":"Unresolved — C008","Exact remaining evidence":"Current official definition"},"raw_table_index":7,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"J09 Modern court-reference bridge","researcher_record":{"Row":"J09","Question":"Modern court-reference bridge","Status / claims":"Answered at statutory level — C009","Exact remaining evidence":"Contextual application"},"raw_table_index":7,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"J10 Division/seat/area notices","researcher_record":{"Row":"J10","Question":"Division/seat/area notices","Status / claims":"Partial — C010","Exact remaining evidence":"Current applicable notices"},"raw_table_index":7,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"J11 Specific-law interaction","researcher_record":{"Row":"J11","Question":"Specific-law interaction","Status / claims":"Answered boundary — C011","Exact remaining evidence":"Actual conflict, if any"},"raw_table_index":7,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"J12 Local application","researcher_record":{"Row":"J12","Question":"Local application","Status / claims":"Unresolved — C008–C011","Exact remaining evidence":"Actual court and private nexus"},"raw_table_index":7,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"F01 Act42/2001 proviso","researcher_record":{"Row":"F01","Question":"Act42/2001 proviso","Status / claims":"Fresh primary body — C012–C014","Exact remaining evidence":"Complete later chain"},"raw_table_index":8,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"F02 Domestic alternative court","researcher_record":{"Row":"F02","Question":"Domestic alternative court","Status / claims":"Conditional — C012","Exact remaining evidence":"Equitable/convenient facts"},"raw_table_index":8,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"F03 Foreign domicile","researcher_record":{"Row":"F03","Question":"Foreign domicile","Status / claims":"Conditional — C013","Exact remaining evidence":"Actual domicile"},"raw_table_index":8,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"F04 Non-designated-State condition","researcher_record":{"Row":"F04","Question":"Non-designated-State condition","Status / claims":"Conditional — C013,C019","Exact remaining evidence":"Gazette status at relevant time"},"raw_table_index":8,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"F05 Refuse/postpone versus transfer","researcher_record":{"Row":"F05","Question":"Refuse/postpone versus transfer","Status / claims":"Boundary answered — C012–C013","Exact remaining evidence":"Separate transfer authority"},"raw_table_index":8,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"F06 Original Cross-Border §33","researcher_record":{"Row":"F06","Question":"Original Cross-Border §33","Status / claims":"Historical only — C014","Exact remaining evidence":"Do not treat as unrepealed current rule"},"raw_table_index":8,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"F07 2001 repeal of §33","researcher_record":{"Row":"F07","Question":"2001 repeal of §33","Status / claims":"Answered as enacted text — C014","Exact remaining evidence":"Commencement reconciliation"},"raw_table_index":8,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"F08 Act42/2001 commencement","researcher_record":{"Row":"F08","Question":"Act42/2001 commencement","Status / claims":"Partial — C015","Exact remaining evidence":"General and later operative chain"},"raw_table_index":8,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"F09 Gazette designation mechanism","researcher_record":{"Row":"F09","Question":"Gazette designation mechanism","Status / claims":"Original primary rule read — C016","Exact remaining evidence":"Current amended text"},"raw_table_index":8,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"F10 Approval/withdrawal amendment","researcher_record":{"Row":"F10","Question":"Approval/withdrawal amendment","Status / claims":"Unresolved — C017","Exact remaining evidence":"Act55/2003 §30 and commencement"},"raw_table_index":8,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"F11 Cross-Border Act commencement","researcher_record":{"Row":"F11","Question":"Cross-Border Act commencement","Status / claims":"Metadata-supported, primary gap — C018","Exact remaining evidence":"Proclamation body"},"raw_table_index":8,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"F12 Actual current designation status","researcher_record":{"Row":"F12","Question":"Actual current designation status","Status / claims":"Unresolved — C019–C020","Exact remaining evidence":"Official notices/withdrawals/current inventory"},"raw_table_index":8,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"R01 Exact §149(2) text","researcher_record":{"Row":"R01","Question":"Exact §149(2) text","Status / claims":"Primary judicial quotation obtained — C021","Exact remaining evidence":"Current official consolidation"},"raw_table_index":9,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"R02 Own court versus different court","researcher_record":{"Row":"R02","Question":"Own court versus different court","Status / claims":"Boundary answered — C023","Exact remaining evidence":"Court identity/other jurisdiction"},"raw_table_index":9,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"R03 Discretion versus entitlement","researcher_record":{"Row":"R03","Question":"Discretion versus entitlement","Status / claims":"Answered narrowly — C021–C022","Exact remaining evidence":"Actual grounds and procedure"},"raw_table_index":9,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"R04 Automatic-nullity/cure claim","researcher_record":{"Row":"R04","Question":"Automatic-nullity/cure claim","Status / claims":"Rejected as universal inference — C024","Exact remaining evidence":"Actual defect and remedy"},"raw_table_index":9,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"R05 §151 distinction","researcher_record":{"Row":"R05","Question":"§151 distinction","Status / claims":"Retained dated primary reuse — C026","Exact remaining evidence":"Actual decision/standing/notice"},"raw_table_index":9,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"R06 Master office/publication","researcher_record":{"Row":"R06","Question":"Master office/publication","Status / claims":"Not jurisdictional substitute — C025","Exact remaining evidence":"Independent §149 proof"},"raw_table_index":9,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"W01 Domestic nexus/other domestic court","researcher_record":{"Row":"W01","Workflow":"Domestic nexus/other domestic court","Status / claims":"Conditional — C002,C012","Missing fact":"Nexus and convenience evidence"},"raw_table_index":10,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"W02 Disputed domestic nexus","researcher_record":{"Row":"W02","Workflow":"Disputed domestic nexus","Status / claims":"Unresolved factual application — C002–C007","Missing fact":"Dates, activities, rights"},"raw_table_index":10,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"W03 Historical foreign connection","researcher_record":{"Row":"W03","Workflow":"Historical foreign connection","Status / claims":"Insufficient as assumed — C013,C019","Missing fact":"Domicile and designation"},"raw_table_index":10,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"W04 Domestic plus foreign forum","researcher_record":{"Row":"W04","Workflow":"Domestic plus foreign forum","Status / claims":"Conditional — C012–C020","Missing fact":"Verified foreign branch predicates"},"raw_table_index":10,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"W05 Different court altering order","researcher_record":{"Row":"W05","Workflow":"Different court altering order","Status / claims":"Not established by §149(2) alone — C021–C024","Missing fact":"Correct court and separate route"},"raw_table_index":10,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"W06 Master office known","researcher_record":{"Row":"W06","Workflow":"Master office known","Status / claims":"Insufficient jurisdiction proof — C025","Missing fact":"Current court area and debtor nexus"},"raw_table_index":10,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"M01 Symbolic nexus model","researcher_record":{"Row":"M01","Matter":"Symbolic nexus model","Status / claims":"Conditional only — C027","Next action":"Actual evidence"},"raw_table_index":11,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"M02 Symbolic discretion model","researcher_record":{"Row":"M02","Matter":"Symbolic discretion model","Status / claims":"Conditional only — C027","Next action":"Designation and judicial assessment"},"raw_table_index":11,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"M03 Five P19 coverage replacements","researcher_record":{"Row":"M03","Matter":"Five P19 coverage replacements","Status / claims":"Completed overlay — C029","Next action":"Same-coordinator review"},"raw_table_index":11,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"M04 Five P19 claim replacements","researcher_record":{"Row":"M04","Matter":"Five P19 claim replacements","Status / claims":"Completed overlay — C029","Next action":"Preserve originals/history"},"raw_table_index":11,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"M05 Full currentness/citator","researcher_record":{"Row":"M05","Matter":"Full currentness/citator","Status / claims":"Unresolved — C028","Next action":"Focused remaining primary retrieval"},"raw_table_index":11,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"M06 No actual action/acceptance","researcher_record":{"Row":"M06","Matter":"No actual action/acceptance","Status / claims":"Confirmed boundary — C030","Next action":"None performed"},"raw_table_index":11,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"D01 Complete current Insolvency Act","researcher_record":{"Row":"D01","Family":"Complete current Insolvency Act","Exact retained hold":"Exact current Court definition and whole §149 chain incomplete"},"raw_table_index":12,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"D02 Material amendment commencement","researcher_record":{"Row":"D02","Family":"Material amendment commencement","Exact retained hold":"Act42/2001 general chain and Act55/2003 §30 commencement not fully verified"},"raw_table_index":12,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"D03 Current foreign designations","researcher_record":{"Row":"D03","Family":"Current foreign designations","Exact retained hold":"No exhaustive positive or negative State-status finding"},"raw_table_index":12,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"D04 Full foreign insolvency recognition","researcher_record":{"Row":"D04","Family":"Full foreign insolvency recognition","Exact retained hold":"No Model Law/common-law recognition dossier"},"raw_table_index":12,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"D05 Full rescission/Rule31/Rule42","researcher_record":{"Row":"D05","Family":"Full rescission/Rule31/Rule42","Exact retained hold":"Own-order boundary only"},"raw_table_index":12,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"D06 Full §151 review","researcher_record":{"Row":"D06","Family":"Full §151 review","Exact retained hold":"No merits, standing or timing determination for an actual decision"},"raw_table_index":12,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"D07 Division transfer/appeal","researcher_record":{"Row":"D07","Family":"Division transfer/appeal","Exact retained hold":"Proviso is not treated as a complete transfer mechanism"},"raw_table_index":12,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"D08 Master report/publication/readiness","researcher_record":{"Row":"D08","Family":"Master report/publication/readiness","Exact retained hold":"P19’s existing findings and holds unchanged"},"raw_table_index":12,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"D09 Surrender/sequestration merits","researcher_record":{"Row":"D09","Family":"Surrender/sequestration merits","Exact retained hold":"No financial, creditor-advantage, asset or order entitlement rerun"},"raw_table_index":12,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"D10 Actual private jurisdiction facts","researcher_record":{"Row":"D10","Family":"Actual private jurisdiction facts","Exact retained hold":"No domicile, property, company, estate or docket investigated"},"raw_table_index":12,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"D11 P20 and other unreviewed reports","researcher_record":{"Row":"D11","Family":"P20 and other unreviewed reports","Exact retained hold":"Not adopted as premises"},"raw_table_index":12,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"D12 Parent/country/A066/A097/A098 acceptance","researcher_record":{"Row":"D12","Family":"Parent/country/A066/A097/A098 acceptance","Exact retained hold":"Held; no operational or publication approval"},"raw_table_index":12,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"Eastern Cape Unexamined locally","researcher_record":{"Province":"Eastern Cape","Status":"Unexamined locally","Next local evidence needed":"Current Division/seat area notice and applicable jurisdiction/procedural direction"},"raw_table_index":13,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"Free State Unexamined locally","researcher_record":{"Province":"Free State","Status":"Unexamined locally","Next local evidence needed":"Current area, seat and local filing facts"},"raw_table_index":13,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"Gauteng Not certified locally","researcher_record":{"Province":"Gauteng","Status":"Not certified locally","Next local evidence needed":"Chapman is a dated primary holding, not a current all-seat practice audit"},"raw_table_index":13,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"KwaZulu-Natal Not certified locally","researcher_record":{"Province":"KwaZulu-Natal","Status":"Not certified locally","Next local evidence needed":"Smith supplies a narrow dated quotation, not current rescission/local procedure"},"raw_table_index":13,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"Limpopo Unexamined locally","researcher_record":{"Province":"Limpopo","Status":"Unexamined locally","Next local evidence needed":"Current area/seat notices and actual nexus"},"raw_table_index":13,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"Mpumalanga Unexamined locally","researcher_record":{"Province":"Mpumalanga","Status":"Unexamined locally","Next local evidence needed":"Current area/seat notices and actual nexus"},"raw_table_index":13,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"Northern Cape Unexamined locally","researcher_record":{"Province":"Northern Cape","Status":"Unexamined locally","Next local evidence needed":"Current area/seat notices and actual nexus"},"raw_table_index":13,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"North West Unexamined locally","researcher_record":{"Province":"North West","Status":"Unexamined locally","Next local evidence needed":"Current area/seat notices and actual nexus"},"raw_table_index":13,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"},{"topic":"Western Cape Not certified locally","researcher_record":{"Province":"Western Cape","Status":"Not certified locally","Next local evidence needed":"Mel Properties is a particular 2025 jurisdiction application, not all-local verification"},"raw_table_index":13,"coordinator_acceptance":"not_accepted;first_review_queued"}],"annotations":{},"corrections":[],"resolved_corrections":[],"review_history":[{"id":"C_ZA-P17-voluntary-surrender-primary-procedure-gaps-20261027","status":"P19scoped_review_complete_with_material_currentness_directive_access_local_holds","at":"2026-10-27T09:36:05.648631+00:00"},{"id":"C_ZA-P21-SuperiorCourts-2-3-scope-repair-20261027","status":"one_scope_repair_addressed_with_remaining_holds","at":"2026-10-27T09:36:05.648631+00:00"}]}